Диагностика глубокой перипротезной инфекции тазобедренного сустава

Periprosthetic infection (PJI) is one of the most frequent and devastating complications of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Early and accurate diagnosis of PJI allows timely initiation of treatment. Various diagnostic tools and algorithms for hip PJI diagnosis are described. The available serum (ESR, CRP, D-dimer, etc.) and synovial (alpha-defensin, leukocyte esterase, D-lactate) biomarkers are listed, as well as their combinations for the purpose of PJI verification. Combined serum and synovial tests can significantly improve the efficiency of PJI hip diagnosis.Перипротезная инфекция (ППИ) является одним из наиболее частых и разрушительных осложнений эндопротезирования тазобедренного сустава (ТБС). Ранняя и точная диагностика ППИ позволяет своевременно начать лечение. Описаны различные диагностические инструменты и алгоритмы диагностики ППИ ТБС. Перечислены имеющиеся сывороточные (СОЭ, СРБ, D-димер и др.) и синовиальные (альфа-дефенсин, лейкоцитарная эстераза, D-лактат) биомаркеры, а также их комбинации с целью верификации ППИ. Объединение сывороточных и синовиальных тестов позволяет значительно повысить эффективность диагностики ППИ ТБС

Ранние результаты одномыщелкового эндопротезирования медиального отдела коленного сустава

Background. Among the methods of surgical treatment of early stages medial knee osteoarthritis in the partial knee replacement (PKR) becomes more and more relevant. The relevance and increasing number of PKR are confirmed by data from various national registers.The aim of the study was to research the early functional results of PKR and to analyze the complications at various stages of the postoperative period.Material and Methods. Study design: a single-center prospective study. The results of 90 operations of PKR in the period from March 2018 to April 2020 are presented. Assessment of knee function and quality of life of patients was performed according to three scalesquestionnaires: KOOS, WOMAC, SF-36, which were filled in preoperatively and then at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months. after surgery. Patients within the reporting period provided X-rays and filled in the scales at the face-to-face examination and at remote contact.Results. The most significant improvement of quality of life and median values of the functional results observed after 3 months, and after 18 months. After replacement the best median functional outcome scales KOOS, WOMAC, SF-36 — 79,4 (73,6–84,3); 27,1 (24,8–30,6); 89,1 (85,3–92,6) compared with the functional results obtained before surgery 32,3 (22,8–38,4); 73,6 (63,6–78,8); 35,2 (31,3–42,1); p = 0,027; p = 0.023; p = 0,028, respectively. A negative correlation was obtained between BMI and functional outcome (p = 0.027, R = -0.7).Conclusion. PKR allowed us to achieve an improvement in the quality of life and functional results already in the early postoperative period (from 3 to 18 months after the operation). The improvement of the operating technique, the analysis of errors and the regularity of the performed PKR will improve the results of PKR and minimize the number of complications.Актуальность. Среди методов хирургического лечения ранних стадий медиального гонартроза все чаще используется одномыщелковое эндопротезирование коленного сустава (ОЭКС). Постоянно увеличивающееся число выполняемых ОЭКС медиального отдела подтверждается данными различных национальных регистров артропластики.Цель исследования — оценить ранние функциональные результаты одномыщелкового эндопротезирования медиального отдела коленного сустава и проанализировать осложнения на различных этапах послеоперационного периода.Материал и методы. Дизайн исследования: одноцентровое проспективное. Представлены результаты 90 операций ОЭКС медиального отдела в период с марта 2018 по апрель 2020 г. Оценку функции коленного сустава и качества жизни пациентов проводили с использованием шкал-опросников: KOOS, WOMAC, SF-36 до операции и через 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 мес. после ее выполнения. Оценку функционального состояния пациентов по KOOS и WOMAC высчитывали в процентах от максимально возможной суммы баллов по каждой из шкал.Результаты. Наиболее значимое улучшение качества жизни и функционального состояния зарегистрировано через 3 мес., а через 18 мес. после эндопротезирования получены наилучшие результаты: KOOS — 79,4% (73,6–84,3); WOMAC — 27,1% (24,8–30,6); SF-36 — 89,1 баллов (85,3–92,6) по сравнению состоянием до операции 32,3% (22,8–38,4) р = 0,027; 73,6% (63,6–78,8) р = 0,023; 35,2 баллов (31,3–42,1) р = 0,028 соответственно. Получена отрицательная корреляция между ИМТ и функциональным исходом (р = 0,027, R = -0,7). В послеоперационном периоде выявлены осложнения у 8 пациентов, из которых 3 пациентам выполнено ревизионное оперативное вмешательство, а 5 — проводилось консервативное лечение.Заключение. ОЭКС медиального отдела позволяет добиться улучшения качества жизни и функционального состояния уже на ранних сроках (от 3 до 18 мес.) после операции. Совершенствование операционной техники, анализ ошибок и регулярное выполнение хирургом операций ОЭКС позволят улучшить результаты и минимизировать количество осложнений

Open String Attractors

We present a simple example of a supersymmetric attractor mechanism in the purely open string context of D-branes embedded in curved space-time. Our example involves a class of D3-branes embedded in the 2-charge D1-D5 background of type IIB whose worldvolume contains a 2-sphere. Turning on worldvolume fluxes, these branes carry induced (p,q) string charges. Supersymmetric configurations display a flow of the open string moduli towards an attractor solution independent of their asymptotics. The equations governing this mechanism closely resemble the attractor flow equations for supersymmetric black holes in closed string theory. The BPS equations take the form of a gradient flow and describe worldvolume solitons interpolating between an AdS_2 geometry where the two-sphere has collapsed, and an attractor solution with AdS_2 x S^2 geometry. In these limiting solutions, the preserved supersymmetry is enhanced from 4 to 8 supercharges. We also discuss the interpretation of our solutions as intersecting brane configurations placed in the D1-D5 background, as well as the S-duality transformation to the F1-NS5 background.Comment: 37 pages, 6 figures. v2: small corrections, figure and references adde

Anti-de Sitter/CFT Correspondence in Three-Dimensional Supergravity

Anti-de Sitter supergravity models are considered in three dimensions. Precise asymptotic conditions involving a chiral projection are given on the Rarita-Schwinger fields. Together with the known boundary conditions on the bosonic fields, these ensure that the asymptotic symmetry algebra is the superconformal algebra. The classical central charge is computed and found to be equal to the one of pure gravity. It is also indicated that the asymptotic degrees of freedom are described by 2D "induced supergravity" and that the boundary conditions "transmute" the non-vanishing components of the WZW supercurrent into the supercharges.Comment: Additional remarks in the extended case, added references, and small misprints corrected. To appear in Phys. Rev. D. Latex, 19 pages, no figure

P-wave excited baryons from pion- and photo-induced hyperon production

We report evidence for $N(1710)P_{11}$, $N(1875)P_{11}$, $N(1900)P_{13}$, $\Delta(1600)P_{33}$, $\Delta(1910)P_{31}$, and $\Delta(1920)P_{33}$, and find indications that $N(1900)P_{13}$ might have a companion state at 1970\,MeV. The controversial $\Delta(1750)P_{31}$ is not seen. The evidence is derived from a study of data on pion- and photo-induced hyperon production, but other data are included as well. Most of the resonances reported here were found in the Karlsruhe-Helsinki (KH84) and the Carnegie-Mellon (CM) analyses but were challenged recently by the Data Analysis Center at GWU. Our analysis is constrained by the energy independent $\pi N$ scattering amplitudes from either KH84 or GWU. The two $\pi N$ amplitudes from KH84 or GWU, respectively, lead to slightly different $\pi N$ branching ratios of contributing resonances but the debated resonances are required in both series of fits.Comment: 22 pages, 28 figures. Some additional sets of data are adde

Transverse spin effects in hadron-pair production from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering

First measurements of azimuthal asymmetries in hadron-pair production in deep-inelastic scattering of muons on transversely polarised ^6LiD (deuteron) and NH_3 (proton) targets are presented. The data were taken in the years 2002-2004 and 2007 with the COMPASS spectrometer using a muon beam of 160 GeV/c at the CERN SPS. The asymmetries provide access to the transversity distribution functions, without involving the Collins effect as in single hadron production. The sizeable asymmetries measured on the NH_ target indicate non-vanishing u-quark transversity and two-hadron interference fragmentation functions. The small asymmetries measured on the ^6LiD target can be interpreted as indication for a cancellation of u- and d-quark transversities.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, updated to the published versio

Effective Functional Form of Regge Trajectories

We present theoretical arguments and strong phenomenological evidence that hadronic Regge trajectories are essentially nonlinear and can be well approximated, for phenomenological purposes, by a specific square-root form.Comment: 29 pages, LaTeX. Published versio