10 research outputs found
A molecular re-appraisal of taxa in the Sordariomycetidae and a new species of Rimaconus from New Zealand
Several taxa that share similar ascomatal and ascospore characters occur in
monotypic or small genera throughout the Sordariomycetidae with
uncertain relationships based on their morphology. Taxa in the genera
Duradens, Leptosporella, Linocarpon, and Rimaconus
share similar morphologies of conical ascomata, carbonised peridia and
elongate ascospores, while taxa in the genera Caudatispora,
Erythromada and Lasiosphaeriella possess clusters of
superficial, obovoid ascomata with variable ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses
of 28S large-subunit nrDNA sequences were used to test the monophyly of these
genera and provide estimates of their relationships within the
Sordariomycetidae. Rimaconus coronatus is described as a new
species from New Zealand; it clusters with the type species, R.
jamaicensis. Leptosporella gregaria is illustrated and a
description is provided for this previously published taxon that is the type
species and only sequenced representative of the genus. Both of these genera
occur in separate, well-supported clades among taxa that form unsupported
groups near the Chaetosphaeriales and Helminthosphaeriaceae.
Lasiosphaeriella and Linocarpon appear to be polyphyletic
with species occurring in several clades throughout the subclass.
Caudatispora and Erythromada represented by single specimens
and two putative Duradens spp. have unclear affinities in the
Sordariomycetidae
A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae and Gloniaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) with keys to world species
A reappraisal of the phylogenetic integrity of bitunicate ascomycete fungi
belonging to or previously affiliated with the Hysteriaceae,
Mytilinidiaceae, Gloniaceae and Patellariaceae is
presented, based on an analysis of 121 isolates and four nuclear genes, the
ribosomal large and small subunits, transcription elongation factor 1 and the
second largest RNA polymerase II subunit. A geographically diverse and high
density taxon sampling strategy was employed, including multiple
isolates/species from the following genera: Anteaglonium (6/4),
Encephalographa (1/1), Farlowiella (3/1),
Gloniopsis (8/4), Glonium (4/2), Hysterium (12/5),
Hysterobrevium (14/3), Hysterographium (2/1),
Hysteropatella (2/2), Lophium (4/2), Mytilinidion
(13/10), Oedohysterium (5/3), Ostreichnion (2/2),
Patellaria (1/1), Psiloglonium (11/3), Quasiconcha
(1/1), Rhytidhysteron (8/3), and 24 outgroup taxa. Sequence data
indicate that although the Hysteriales are closely related to the
Pleosporales, sufficient branch support exists for their separation
into separate orders within the Pleosporomycetidae. The
Mytilinidiales are more distantly related within the subclass and
show a close association with the Gloniaceae. Although there are
examples of concordance between morphological and molecular data, these are
few. Molecular data instead support the premise of a large number of
convergent evolutionary lineages, which do not correspond to previously held
assumptions of synapomorphy relating to spore morphology. Thus, within the
Hysteriaceae, the genera Gloniopsis, Glonium,
Hysterium and Hysterographium are highly polyphyletic. This
necessitated the transfer of two species of Hysterium to
Oedohysterium gen. nov. (Od. insidens comb.
nov. and Od. sinense comb. nov.), the description of a new
species, Hysterium barrianum sp. nov., and the transfer of
two species of Gloniopsis to Hysterobrevium gen.
nov. (Hb. smilacis comb. nov. and Hb.
constrictum comb. nov.). While Hysterographium, with
the type Hg. fraxini, is removed from the Hysteriaceae, some
of its species remain within the family, transferred here to
Oedohysterium (Od. pulchrum comb. nov.),
Hysterobrevium (Hb. mori comb. nov.) and
Gloniopsis (Gp. subrugosa comb. nov.); the latter
genus, in addition to the type, Gp. praelonga, with two new species,
Gp. arciformis sp. nov. and Gp. kenyensis sp. nov.
The genus Glonium is now divided into Anteaglonium
(Pleosporales), Glonium (Gloniaceae), and
Psiloglonium (Hysteriaceae). The hysterothecium has evolved
convergently no less than five times within the Pleosporomycetidae
(e.g., Anteaglonium, Farlowiella, Glonium,
Hysterographium and the Hysteriaceae). Similarly,
thin-walled mytilinidioid (e.g., Ostreichnion) and patellarioid
(e.g., Rhytidhysteron) genera, previously in the
Mytilinidiaceae and Patellariaceae, respectively,
transferred here to the Hysteriaceae, have also evolved at least
twice within the subclass. As such, character states traditionally considered
to represent synapomorphies among these fungi, whether they relate to spore
septation or the ascomata, in fact, represent symplesiomorphies, and most
likely have arisen multiple times through convergent evolutionary processes in
response to common selective pressures
Molecular phylogenetics of Pleosporales: Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae re-circumscribed (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota)
The classification of Pleosporales has posed major challenges due
to the lack of clear understanding of the importance of the morphological
characters used to distinguish between different groups in the order. This has
resulted in varied taxonomic treatments of many families in the group
including Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae. In this
study we employ two nuclear DNA gene markers, nuclear ribosomal large subunit
DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha in order to examine the
molecular phylogenetics of Pleosporales with strong emphasis on the
families Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae. Phylogenetic
analyses recovered Melanommataceae, Lophiostomataceae,
Hypsostromataceae, and a few others as strongly supported clades
within the Pleosporales. Melanommataceae as currently
circumscribed was found to be polyphyletic. The genera Byssosphaeria,
Melanomma, and Pseudotrichia were recovered within the family,
while others such as Ostropella and Xenolophium nested
outside in a weakly supported group along with Platystomum compressum
and Pseudotrichia guatopoensis that may correspond to the family
Platystomaceae. The genus Byssosphaeria was recovered as a
strongly supported group within the Melanommataceae while
Melanomma was weakly supported with unclear relationships among the
species. The genera Herpotrichia and Bertiella were also
found to belong in the Melanommataceae. Lophiostomataceae
occurs as a strongly supported group but its concept is here expanded to
include a new genus Misturatosphaeria that bears morphology
traditionally not known to occur in the family. The strongly supported clade
of Misturatosphaeria contains nine species that have gregarious,
papillate ascomata with lighter coloured apices and plugged ostioles and that
vary in ascospore morphology from 1- to 3-septate to muriform. Along with a
strongly supported Lophiostoma clade, also within the family are
Thyridaria macrostomoides based on new sequences from Kenyan
collections and Massariosphaeria triseptata, M. grandispora, Westerdykella
cylindrica and Preussia terricola based on GenBank sequences.
The family Hypsostromataceae was recovered as a strongly supported
monophyletic group nested within the Pleosporales
A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes
We present a comprehensive phylogeny derived from 5 genes, nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2, for 356 isolates and 41 families (six newly described in this volume) in Dothideomycetes. All currently accepted orders in the class are represented for the first time in addition to numerous previously unplaced lineages. Subclass Pleosporomycetidae is expanded to include the aquatic order Jahnulales. An ancestral reconstruction of basic nutritional modes supports numerous transitions from saprobic life histories to plant associated and lichenised modes and a transition from terrestrial to aquatic habitats are confirmed. Finally, a genomic comparison of 6 dothideomycete genomes with other fungi finds a high level of unique protein associated with the class, supporting its delineation as a separate taxon
A new species and new records of Cercophora from argentina
Three species of Cercophora were found during a survey of the biodiversity of microfungi in northwest Argentina. Cercophora argentina possesses a unique combination of morphological characters and is described as a new species, while C. costaricensis and C. solaris are reported as new records for Argentina. Other species of Cercophora known from this region include C. natalita and C. coprogena, which is fully illustrated for the first time and determined herein to be a synonym of C. californica. All other species are described and illustrated. © 2011 by The Mycological Society of America.Fil:Romero, A.I. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
A phylogenetic re-evaluation of Dothideomycetes
This volume presents a re-evaluation of phylogenetic relationships within the class Dothideomycetes, which is by far the largest and arguably most phylogenetically diverse class within the largest fungal phylum, Ascomycota
The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature
The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature was agreed at an international symposium convened in Amsterdam on 19–20 April 2011 under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The purpose of the symposium was to address the issue of whether or how the current system of naming pleomorphic fungi should be maintained or changed now that molecular data are routinely available. The issue is urgent as mycologists currently follow different practices, and no consensus was achieved by a Special Committee appointed in 2005 by the International Botanical Congress to advise on the problem. The Declaration recognizes the need for an orderly transitition to a single-name nomenclatural system for all fungi, and to provide mechanisms to protect names that otherwise then become endangered. That is, meaning that priority should be given to the first described name, except where that is a younger name in general use when the first author to select a name of a pleomorphic monophyletic genus is to be followed, and suggests controversial cases are referred to a body, such as the ICTF, which will report to the Committee for Fungi. If appropriate, the ICTF could be mandated to promote the implementation of the Declaration. In addition, but not forming part of the Declaration, are reports of discussions held during the symposium on the governance of the nomenclature of fungi, and the naming of fungi known only from an environmental nucleic acid sequence in particular. Possible amendments to the Draft BioCode (2011) to allow for the needs of mycologists are suggested for further consideration, and a possible example of how a fungus only known from the environment might be described is presented
Fungal Planet description sheets: 785– 867
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Angola,
Gnomoniopsis angolensis and Pseudopithomyces angolensis on unknown host plants. Australia, Dothiora corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neoeucasphaeria eucalypti (incl. Neoeucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp.,
Fumagopsis stellae on Eucalyptus sp., Fusculina eucalyptorum (incl. Fusculinaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus
socialis, Harknessia corymbiicola on Corymbia maculata, Neocelosporium eucalypti (incl. Neocelosporium gen.
nov., Neocelosporiaceae fam. nov. and Neocelosporiales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus cyanophylla, Neophaeomoniella
corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neophaeomoniella eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus pilularis, Pseudoplagiostoma
corymbiicola on Corymbia citriodora, Teratosphaeria gracilis on Eucalyptus gracilis, Zasmidium corymbiae on
Corymbia citriodora. Brazil, Calonectria hemileiae on pustules of Hemileia vastatrix formed on leaves of Coffea
arabica, Calvatia caatinguensis on soil, Cercospora solani-betacei on Solanum betaceum, Clathrus natalensis on
soil, Diaporthe poincianellae on Poincianella pyramidalis, Geastrum piquiriunense on soil, Geosmithia carolliae
on wing of Carollia perspicillata, Henningsia resupinata on wood, Penicillium guaibinense from soil, Periconia
caespitosa from leaf litter, Pseudocercospora styracina on Styrax sp., Simplicillium filiforme as endophyte from
Citrullus lanatus, Thozetella pindobacuensis on leaf litter, Xenosonderhenia coussapoae on Coussapoa floccosa.
Canary Islands (Spain), Orbilia amarilla on Euphorbia canariensis. Cape Verde Islands, Xylodon jacobaeus on
Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Chile, Colletotrichum arboricola on Fuchsia magellanica. Costa Rica, Lasiosphaeria
miniovina on tree branch. Ecuador, Ganoderma chocoense on tree trunk. France, Neofitzroyomyces nerii (incl.
Neofitzroyomyces gen. nov.) on Nerium oleander. Ghana, Castanediella tereticornis on Eucalyptus tereticornis,
Falcocladium africanum on Eucalyptus brassiana, Rachicladosporium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Hungary,
Entoloma silvae-frondosae in Carpinus betulus-Pinus sylvestris mixed forest. Iran, Pseudopyricularia persiana
on Cyperus sp. Italy, Inocybe roseascens on soil in mixed forest. Laos, Ophiocordyceps houaynhangensis on
Coleoptera larva. Malaysia, Monilochaetes melastomae on Melastoma sp. Mexico, Absidia terrestris from soil.
Netherlands, Acaulium pannemaniae, Conioscypha boutwelliae, Fusicolla septimanifiniscientiae, Gibellulopsis
simonii, Lasionectria hilhorstii, Lectera nordwiniana, Leptodiscella rintelii, Parasarocladium debruynii and Sarocladium dejongiae (incl. Sarocladiaceae fam. nov.) from soil. New Zealand, Gnomoniopsis rosae on Rosa sp.
and Neodevriesia metrosideri on Metrosideros sp. Puerto Rico, Neodevriesia coccolobae on Coccoloba uvifera,
Neodevriesia tabebuiae and Alfaria tabebuiae on Tabebuia chrysantha. Russia, Amanita paludosa on bogged soil
in mixed deciduous forest, Entoloma tiliae in forest of Tilia Ă— europaea, Kwoniella endophytica on Pyrus communis.
South Africa, Coniella diospyri on Diospyros mespiliformis, Neomelanconiella combreti (incl. Neomelanconiellaceae fam. nov. and Neomelanconiella gen. nov.) on Combretum sp., Polyphialoseptoria natalensis on unidentified plant
host, Pseudorobillarda bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus, Thelonectria pelargonii on Pelargonium sp. Spain,
Vermiculariopsiella lauracearum and Anungitopsis lauri on Laurus novocanariensis, Geosmithia xerotolerans from
a darkened wall of a house, Pseudopenidiella gallaica on leaf litter. Thailand, Corynespora thailandica on wood,
Lareunionomyces loeiensis on leaf litter, Neocochlearomyces chromolaenae (incl. Neocochlearomyces gen. nov.)
on Chromolaena odorata, Neomyrmecridium septatum (incl. Neomyrmecridium gen. nov.), Pararamichloridium
caricicola on Carex sp., Xenodactylaria thailandica (incl. Xenodactylariaceae fam. nov. and Xenodactylaria gen.
nov.), Neomyrmecridium asiaticum and Cymostachys thailandica from unidentified vine. USA, Carolinigaster bonitoi
(incl. Carolinigaster gen. nov.) from soil, Penicillium fortuitum from house dust, Phaeotheca shathenatiana (incl.
Phaeothecaceae fam. nov.) from twig and cone litter, Pythium wohlseniorum from stream water, Superstratomyces
tardicrescens from human eye, Talaromyces iowaense from office air. Vietnam, Fistulinella olivaceoalba on soil.
Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided
Preserving accuracy in GenBank
GenBank, the public repository for nucleotide and protein sequences, is a critical resource for molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and ecology. While some attention has been drawn to sequence errors, common annotation errors also reduce the value of this database. In fact, for organisms such as fungi, which are notoriously difficult to identify, up to 20% of DNA sequence records may have erroneous lineage designations in GenBank. Gene function annotation in protein sequence databases is similarly error-prone. Because identity and function of new sequences are often determined by bioinformatic analyses, both types of errors are propagated into new accessions, leading to long-term degradation of the quality of the database. Currently, primary sequence data are annotated by the authors of those data, and can only be reannotated by the same authors. This is inefficient and unsustainable over the long term as authors eventually leave the field. Although it is possible to link third-party databases to GenBank records, this is a short-term solution that has little guarantee of permanence. Similarly, the current third-party annotation option in GenBank (TPA) complicates rather than solves the problem by creating an identical record with a new annotation, while leaving the original record unflagged and unlinked to the new record. Since the origin of public zoological and botanical specimen collections, an open system of cumulative annotation has evolved, whereby the original name is retained, but additional opinion is directly appended and used for filing and retrieval. This was needed as new specimens and analyses allowed for reevaluation of older specimens and the original depositors became unavailable. The time has come for the public sequence database to incorporate a community-curated, cumulative annotation process that allows third parties to improve the annotations of sequences when warranted by published peer-reviewed analyses.Fil: Bidartondo, Martin I.. Imperial College London; Reino Unido. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino UnidoFil: Bruns, Thomas D.. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Blackwell, Meredith. Louisiana State University; Estados UnidosFil: Edwards, Ivan. University of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Taylor, Andy F. S.. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SueciaFil: Bianchinotti, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Padamsee, Mahajabeen. University of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Callac, Philippe. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Lima, Nelson. Universidade do Minho; PortugalFil: White, Merlin M.. Boise State University; Estados UnidosFil: Barreau Daly, Camila. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Juncai, M. A.. Chinese Academy of Sciences; RepĂşblica de ChinaFil: Buyck, Bart. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; FranciaFil: Rabeler, Richard K.. University of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Liles, Mark R.. Auburn University; Estados UnidosFil: Estes, Dwayne. Austin Peay State University; Estados UnidosFil: Carter, Richard. Valdosta State University; Estados UnidosFil: Herr Jr., J. M.. University of South Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Chandler, Gregory. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Kerekes, Jennifer. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Cruse Sanders, Jennifer. Salem College Herbarium; Estados UnidosFil: Galán Marquez, R.. Universidad de Alcalá; EspañaFil: Horak, Egon. Zurich Herbarium; SuizaFil: Fitzsimons, Michael. University of Chicago; Estados UnidosFil: Döering, Heidi. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino UnidoFil: Yao, Su. China Center of Industrial Culture Collection; ChinaFil: Hynson, Nicole. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Ryberg, Martin. University Goteborg; SueciaFil: Arnold, A. E.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Hughes, Karen. University of Tennessee; Estados Unido