Assessment profile of waste management system in Ukraine based on the stage model of development

This paper presents a theoretical substantiation of the stage model of waste management development. These stages have been derived inductively from analysing different European waste management systems and can be supported by a system of indicators as well as a critical empirical-content-related analysis of waste management data from various European countries. Main aim of this research is to assess the waste management system in Ukraine based on the model under study, create an assessment profile

Pulse detonation propulsion: challenges, current status, and future perspective

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2004.05.001The paper is focused on recent accomplishments in basic and applied research on pulse detonation engines (PDE) and various PDE design concepts. Current understanding of gas and sprary detonations, thermodynamic grounds for detonation-based propulsion, principles of practical implementation of the detonation-based thermodynamic cycle, and various operational constraints of PDEs are discussed

Vacuum polarization in two-dimensional static spacetimes and dimensional reduction

We obtain an analytic approximation for the effective action of a quantum scalar field in a general static two-dimensional spacetime. We apply this to the dilaton gravity model resulting from the spherical reduction of a massive, non-minimally coupled scalar field in the four-dimensional Schwarzschild geometry. Careful analysis near the event horizon shows the resulting two-dimensional system to be regular in the Hartle-Hawking state for general values of the field mass, coupling, and angular momentum, while at spatial infinity it reduces to a thermal gas at the black-hole temperature.Comment: REVTeX 4, 23 pages. Accepted by PRD. Minor modifications from original versio

The general Leigh-Strassler deformation and integrability

The success of the identification of the planar dilatation operator of N=4 SYM with an integrable spin chain Hamiltonian has raised the question if this also is valid for a deformed theory. Several deformations of SYM have recently been under investigation in this context. In this work we consider the general Leigh-Strassler deformation. For the generic case the S-matrix techniques cannot be used to prove integrability. Instead we use R-matrix techniques to study integrability. Some new integrable points in the parameter space are found.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, reference adde

Биологические ритмы, экология и стресс. (По материалам международного конгресса "Здоровье и образование в XXI веке. Концепции болезней цивилизации", РУДН, 2007)

Time, in relativistic terms in the context of the speed of light, depends not only on the speed of an observer as a whole. Several different time scales within an observer also relate differently to cycles in the cosmos, all of them assessed by spectral peaks with non-zero amplitudes. Thus, in many physiological, psychological, sociological, epidemiological and physical environmental variables, an inferential statistical transdisciplinary array of spectra unfolds, with reciprocal cycles as components with overlapping 95% confidence intervals in ever broader and diverse chronomes (time structures) that underlie the genetics of an evolving biosphere, representing a phylogenetic memory, and accumulating an as-yet fragile noosphere, to be recognized by its interactions with its cosmos, to be rendered compatible with human survival.Представление о времени неразрывно связано с Космосом и процессами, происходящими во Вселенной. Цикличность изменений характерна для подавляющего большинства физиологических, психологических, социологических и экологических процессов. Следовательно, изучение явлений, связанных с феноменом времени, может рассматриваться только в рамках междисциплинарной науки, интегрально описывающей структуру времени (хрономику), науку, фундаментом которой является генетика развивающейся биосферы. Человек, созидающий еще очень хрупкую ноосферу, прямо зависит от филогенетической памяти о своем космическом происхождении (С.М. Чибисов, Ф. Халберг, В.А. Фролов)

Method to compute the stress-energy tensor for the massless spin 1/2 field in a general static spherically symmetric spacetime

A method for computing the stress-energy tensor for the quantized, massless, spin 1/2 field in a general static spherically symmetric spacetime is presented. The field can be in a zero temperature state or a non-zero temperature thermal state. An expression for the full renormalized stress-energy tensor is derived. It consists of a sum of two tensors both of which are conserved. One tensor is written in terms of the modes of the quantized field and has zero trace. In most cases it must be computed numerically. The other tensor does not explicitly depend on the modes and has a trace equal to the trace anomaly. It can be used as an analytic approximation for the stress-energy tensor and is equivalent to other approximations that have been made for the stress-energy tensor of the massless spin 1/2 field in static spherically symmetric spacetimes.Comment: 34 pages, no figure

Gravitomagnetic Effects in the Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Variable Gravitational Fields of Arbitrary-Moving and Spinning Bodies

Propagation of light in the gravitational field of self-gravitating spinning bodies moving with arbitrary velocities is discussed. The gravitational field is assumed to be "weak" everywhere. Equations of motion of a light ray are solved in the first post-Minkowskian approximation that is linear with respect to the universal gravitational constant $G$. We do not restrict ourselves with the approximation of gravitational lens so that the solution of light geodesics is applicable for arbitrary locations of source of light and observer. This formalism is applied for studying corrections to the Shapiro time delay in binary pulsars caused by the rotation of pulsar and its companion. We also derive the correction to the light deflection angle caused by rotation of gravitating bodies in the solar system (Sun, planets) or a gravitational lens. The gravitational shift of frequency due to the combined translational and rotational motions of light-ray-deflecting bodies is analyzed as well. We give a general derivation of the formula describing the relativistic rotation of the plane of polarization of electromagnetic waves (Skrotskii effect). This formula is valid for arbitrary translational and rotational motion of gravitating bodies and greatly extends the results of previous researchers. Finally, we discuss the Skrotskii effect for gravitational waves emitted by localized sources such as a binary system. The theoretical results of this paper can be applied for studying various relativistic effects in microarcsecond space astrometry and developing corresponding algorithms for data processing in space astrometric missions such as FAME, SIM, and GAIA.Comment: 36 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev.

The Dimensional-Reduction Anomaly in Spherically Symmetric Spacetimes

In D-dimensional spacetimes which can be foliated by n-dimensional homogeneous subspaces, a quantum field can be decomposed in terms of modes on the subspaces, reducing the system to a collection of (D-n)-dimensional fields. This allows one to write bare D-dimensional field quantities like the Green function and the effective action as sums of their (D-n)-dimensional counterparts in the dimensionally reduced theory. It has been shown, however, that renormalization breaks this relationship between the original and dimensionally reduced theories, an effect called the dimensional-reduction anomaly. We examine the dimensional-reduction anomaly for the important case of spherically symmetric spaces.Comment: LaTeX, 19 pages, 2 figures. v2: calculations simplified, references adde

Rotating Strings with Two Unequal Spins in Lunin-Maldacena Background

We study a string motion in the Lunin-Maldacena background, that is, the \beta-deformed AdS_5 \times \tilde{S}^5 background dual to a \beta-deformation of \mathcal{N} = 4 super Yang-Mills theory. For real \beta we construct a rotating and wound string solution which has two unequal spins in \tilde{S}^5. The string energy is expressed in terms of the spins, the winding numbers and the deformation parameter. In the expansion of \lambda/J^2 with the total spin J and the string tension \sqrt{\lambda} we present ``one-loop" and ``two-loop" energy corrections. The ``one-loop" one agrees with the one-loop anomalous dimension of the corresponding gauge-theory scalar operators obtained in hep-th/0503192 from the \beta-deformed Bethe equation as well as the anisotropic Landau-Lifshitz equation.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX, no figure

О типовых реакциях поврежденного сердца

On the basis of experimental research we described nine typical (nonspecific) responses of the damaged heart which are initially protective and adaptive but are able to have a pathogenetic character under some certain conditions. These typical responses are as follows: shortening of the effective refractory period of the myocardium, cardiomyocyte mitochondrion swelling, activation of lysosomal apparatus, initial intensification of lipolysis, hypertrophy of cardiac muscle, formation of collagen muffs around blood vessels due to intoxication, functional deafferentation of the heart, changes in the intensity of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, rearrangement of cardiac chronostructure. The represented results can be used as a basis to elaborate some new effective methods of prophilaxis and treatment of heart diseases caused by different etiological factors.На основании экспериментальных исследований выделено девять типовых (неспецифических) реакций поврежденного сердца, первично являющихся защитно-приспособительными, но могущих при определенных обстоятельствах играть и патогенетическую роль: укорочение эффективного рефрактерного периода миокарда, набухание митохондрий кардиомиоцита, активация лизосомного аппарата, инициальное усиление липолиза, гипертрофия сердечной мышцы, образование вокруг миокардиальных сосудов коллагеновых муфт при интоксикациях, функциональная деафферентация сердца, изменение интенсивности апоптоза кардиомиоцитов, перестройка хроноструктуры сердца. Представленные результаты дают основания для разработки новых эффективных методов профилактики и лечения заболеваний сердца различной этиологии