Fission of hyper-hyperdeformed 56^{56}Ni: a clustering analysis with in mean-field approaches

The structure of 56Ni is sudied by using the non-relativistic Skyrme Hartree-Fock and the relativistic Hartree approximation in an axially deformed cylindrical coordinate. We found several intrinsic excited states, including the spherical ground-state solution. Without including any extra $\alpha$-cluster correlations, the possible cluster configurations of the resonance states are analyzed, showing the multipleN=Z, $\alpha$-nucleus like, cluster structures for hyper-deformed states, but, contrary to the recent experimental possibility of a ternary fission decay, we predict a two cluster or symmetric fission configuration for the hyper-hyperdeformed stat

Analysis of Genetic Diversity among F4 segregating population of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Seventeen breeding lines (ten F4 segregants and seven parents) of bitter gourd were evaluated at Department of Vegetable Science, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, during late kharif, 2022. These genotypes were used for evaluation of 13 quantitative characters which were grouped into five different clusters through Tocher’s method of genetic divergence analysis. Cluster I consists of ten genotypes, Cluster II, III and IV comprising of two genotypes each, while cluster V included only one genotype. Highest intra cluster distance was found in cluster IV (17.14) while lowest in cluster II (8.70). The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and V (26.18), followed by clusters I and V (25.06). For future breeding programme in bitter gourd, genotype of Cluster V should be selected for better vegetative growth, earliness in appearance of 1st female flower and giving yield for longer duration. Similarly, Cluster III for earliness in appearance of 1st male flower and more number of fruits vine-1 while that of cluster II should be considered for getting high yield with less number of seeds fruits-1. Seeds fruit-1 (61.03%) contributed maximum towards divergence followed by fruits vine-1 (12.50%)

Reserve Estimation of Proposed Opencast Mine of Ramnagore Colliery

As jhama and burnt coal are saleable items with sizeable demand in different small and medium scale industries, the management of Ramnagore Colliery of Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) has decided to mine jhama, burnt coal, coal and the strata of jhama intruded by mica peridotite from Salanpur D-2, Salanpur D-1 and Salanpur C seams in a block near north-eastern boundary of the colliery, covering a total area of around 22.01 hectare. The proposed mine is located in Ramnagore part of Indikatta-Ramnagore Block on the eastern bank of the Barakar River in Raniganj Coalfield. This paper describes the methodology of reserve estimation along with estimation of pit life, waste and stripping ratio. Geological report by Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. (CMPDI) in 1995 forms the basis of the geological information of the area. The report indicates that due to pyrolysis, the seams have been transformed into a combination of layers of jhama, burnt coal, coal and the layers of jhama intruded by mica peridotite. Of the 15 boreholes in and around the proposed opencast mining site, lithologs of only 13 boreholes are available with the mine management and only 8 boreholes fall inside the proposed mining area. The classification of seams in the lithology of the boreholes is neither very clear, nor very convincing. The results indicate that it would be much more economic to mine the site en bloc than to mine Western and Eastern blocks separately leaving a 90 m wide barrier in between them to protect the existing high voltage electric supply line. In isolation, the West Block, which covers nearly two-third of the whole site, will run for two-and-half years, producing a little more than 40% of the total mineable reserve of the whole site and generating 63% of the total waste likely to be generated had the whole site been mined as one. Overall stripping ratio of the Western Block will be 8.36 M3/t, i.e. nearly one and half times of the stripping ratio of 5.47 M3/t, expected for the mining of the whole site in one go. The Eastern block that covers only about 15% of the whole site will result in production for only two months. The production will comprise not even 3% of the total mineable reserve in the whole site, that too with a high oveall stripping ratio of 12.82 M3/t. On the other hand, if the whole site is mined en bloc, the mine is likely to run for six years yielding more than 0.7 million tonne of minerals (coal, burnt coal and jhama together) with a stripping ratio of 5.47 M3/t approximately

Disaster due to coal Mines Explosions

This paper deals with an account of occurrences and causes behind disaster due to explosions in Indian mines. Principal causes and mechanism s of explosion, and precautions against explosion are also discussed. The review indicated that although frequency of occurrence of explosion inducted disasters have reduced over the years in coal mines of India, there is a need of implementation of modern technologies such as environmental tele-monitoring system in fire prone mines in general, and in degree II/III gassy mines in particular, to arrive at the zero-disaster regime. There is a need for an additional categorization of gassiness of seam such as degree IV gassy seam for the seam where rate of gas emission is more than m3 per tonne of coal raised. Arrangement for methane drainage or coal seam degasification or cal bed methane recovery should be given top priority on degree III and proposed degree IV mine

Natural nitrification inhibitors for higher nitrogen use efficiency, crop yield, and for curtailing global warming

Nitrification inhibitors selectively inhibit microbial enzymes responsible for the conversion of NH4+ to NO3-. Arresting nitrification could be a key strategy to improve nitrogen (N) recovery and agronomic N use efficiency in situations where the loss of N is significant. Although chemicals known to inhibit nitrifiers have been tested, many of these are still at the experimental level; high cost, limited availability, adverse influence on beneficial soil microorganisms, and above all, poor extension and promotional activities are major constraints in this respect. It is therefore necessary to develop plant-based nitrification inhibitors (natural nitrification inhibitors, NNI) for augmenting nitrogen use efficiency, crop productivity, and for safeguarding the environment. The advantages of NNI are that they are easily available, cheap, and eco-friendly. This paper briefly reviews the different aspects of plant-based nitrification retarder

Transient Approach to Radiative Heat Transfer Free Convection Flow with Ramped Wall Temperature

The effect of radiation on natural convection incompressible viscous fluid near a vertical flat plate with ramped wall temperature has been studied. An analytical solution of the governing equation has been obtained by employing Laplace transform technique. It is examined that two different solutions for the fluid velocities, one valid for fluids of Prandtl number Pr different from 1 Ra , Ra being the radiation parameter and the other for which the Prandtl number equal to 1 Ra . The variations of velocities and fluid temperature are presented graphically. Furthermore, the radiative heat transfer on natural convection flow near a ramped plate temperature has been compared with the flow near a plate with the constant wall temperature. It is found that an increase in radiation parameter leads to rise the fluid velocity as well as temperature

Clean coal technology to improve environmental qualtiy and energy efficiency

Coal is the world’s most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel source. It is a major source of commercial energy in the present scenario. Coal currently supplies over one third of the world’s electricity and 23% of global primary energy needs. Conventional power generation system, though one of the cheapest means of production of electricity in the world, have energy efficiency only 30-35%. However, it has enormous environmental impact which includes emission of large amount of gases like CO2, SO2, NOx, and Hg, particulate matter which primarily includes fly ash. This is responsible for global warming and air and water pollution. To reduce this environmental impact due to emissions from thermal power plant and to meet the quality requirements of the coal consumers, it is imperative to adopt clean coal technologies. “Clean coal” is a term used in the promotion of the use of coal as an energy source by emphasizing methods being developed to reduce its environmental impact. This paper addresses advanced power generation systems like integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system and underground coal gasification (UCG) which claim to have energy efficiency in the rage of 45-50%. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology for capturing emitted CO2 and storing it in geological formation appears to be one of the efficient means to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere. This technology has also been enumerated in this paper. An account for global and Indian initiatives for clean coal technology is given. Clean coal mining operation along with coal preparation technology practiced in India is also discussed in brief

Multiscale simulations of the electronic structure of III-nitride quantum wells with varied indium content: Connecting atomistic and continuum-based models

Carrier localization effects in III-N heterostructures are often studied in the frame of modified continuum-based models utilizing a single-band effective mass approximation. However, there exists no comparison between the results of a modified continuum model and atomistic calculations on the same underlying disordered energy landscape. We present a theoretical framework that establishes a connection between atomistic tight-binding theory and continuum-based electronic structure models, here a single-band effective mass approximation, and provide such a comparison for the electronic structure of (In,Ga)N quantum wells. In our approach, in principle, the effective masses are the only adjustable parameters since the confinement energy landscape is directly obtained from tight-binding theory. We find that the electronic structure calculated within effective mass approximation and the tight-binding model differ noticeably. However, at least in terms of energy eigenvalues, an improved agreement between the two methods can be achieved by adjusting the band offsets in the continuum model, enabling, therefore, a recipe for constructing a modified continuum model that gives a reasonable approximation of the tight-binding energies. Carrier localization characteristics for energetically low lying, strongly localized states differ, however, significantly from those obtained using the tight-binding model. For energetically higher lying, more delocalized states, good agreement may be achieved. Therefore, the atomistically motivated continuum-based single-band effective mass model established provides a good, computationally efficient alternative to fully atomistic investigations, at least at when targeting questions related to higher temperatures and carrier densities in (In,Ga)N systems

Scaling in Relativistic Thomas-Fermi Approach for Nuclei

By using the scaling method we derive the virial theorem for the relativistic mean field model of nuclei treated in the Thomas-Fermi approach. The Thomas-Fermi solutions statisfy the stability condition against scaling. We apply the formalism to study the excitation energy of the breathing mode in finite nuclei with several relativistic parameter sets of common use.Comment: 13 page

Hot Nuclear Matter in Asymmetry Chiral Sigma Model

In the frame work of SU(2) chiral sigma model, the nuclear matter properties at zero and finite temperature have been investigated. We have analyzed the nuclear matter equation of state by varying different parameters, which agrees well with the one derived from the heavy-ion collision experiment at extreme densities and reliable realistic(DBHF) model at low density region. We have then calculated the temperature dependent asymmetric nuclear matter, also investigated the critical temperature of liquid gas phase transition and compared with the experimental data. We found that the critical temperature in our model is in the range of 14-20 MeV.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Nuclear Physics