The Effect Of Dye-polymer Interactions On The Kinetics Of The Isomerization Of 4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene And Mercury Dithizonate

Thermal and photo-isomerization reactions of mercury dithizonate and 4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene were studied in solutions and in polymer matrices. We used exponential functions to calculate the rate constants for both processes. The kinetic behavior was well described by monoexponential functions for these dyes dissolved in solvents, although bi-exponential functions are required when these dyes are dissolved in polymers. The rate constants are strongly influenced by dye/solvent and dye/polymer interactions, as well as by the aging processes of the polymer matrix. In general, the reaction is faster in more polar mediums, solvents or polymer matrices, since stabilization of different tautomers takes place. We also showed that larger molecules isomerize slowly and slower isomerization has also been observed for annealed samples. Both results are attributed to the importance of free-volumes in polymeric matrices.152253261Natansohn, A., Rochon, P., (2002) Chem. 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Detection Of Residual Acidic Groups In Several Poly(n-alkyl Methacrylate)s Using Photopnysical And Photochemical Probes

This work describes three different methods for detecting acidic groups copolymerized in poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) chains using molecular spectroscopy. The first was based on the shift of the tautomeric equilibrium of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene by acidic groups that modify the absorption band in the UV/vis spectra. We also show that the acidic groups present in the polymer influenced the anti-syn photoisomerization reaction of this dye. Further, a mercury- dithizonate complex was completely bleached when sorbed in poly(n-alkyl methacrylate) matrices containing acidic groups. Finally, Nile Blue A was used as a spectrophotometric probe to quantify the amount of acidic groups in these polymers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.922830838Mark, H.F., Bikales, M., Overberger, C.G., Menges, G., (1985) Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 1, p. 234. , Wiley: New YorkMandai, B.K., Chen, Y.M., Jeng, R.J., Takahashi, T., Huang, J.C., Kumar, J., (1991) Eur Polym J, 27, p. 735Chemlaand, D.S., Zyss, J., (1987) Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials and Crystals, , Academic PressNew YorkLiu, L.-Y., Ramkrishna, D., Lackritz, H., (1994) Macromolecules, 27, p. 5947Itagaki, H., Horie, K., Mita, I., (1990) Prog Polym Sci, 15, p. 361Naciri, J., Weiss, R.G., (1989) Macromolecules, 22, p. 3928Prado, E.A., Yamaki, S.B., Atvars, T.D.Z., Zimerman, O.E., Weiss, R.G., (2000) J Phys Chem B, 104, p. 5905Palit, S.R., Gosh, P., (1962) J Polym Sci, 58, p. 1225Rabeck, F., (1989) Experimental Methods in Polymer Chemistry: Physical Principles and Applications, , Wiley-Interscience: New YorkBagder, M., Buttery, R.G., Lewis, G.E., (1954) J Chem Soc, p. 1888Jaffé, H.H., Yeh, S.J., Gardner, R.W., (1958) J Mol Spectrosc, 2, p. 120Dubini-Paglia, E., Marcandali, B., Liddo, L.P., Leonardi, C., Bellobono, I.R., (1980) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans II, p. 937Sawicki, E., (1957) J Org Chem, 22, p. 365Sawicki, E., (1957) J Org Chem, 22, p. 915Yamaki, S.B., (1996), M.S. Dissertation, UNICAMP, BrazilDe Oliveira, M.G., (1992), Ph.D. Thesis, UNICAMP, BrazilPetersen, R.L., Harris, G.L., (1985) J Chem Educ, 62, p. 802Geosling, C., Adamson, A.W., Gutierrez, A.R., (1978) Inorg Chim Acta, 29, p. 279Meriweth, L.S., Breitner, E.C., Sloan, C.L.L., (1965) J Am Chem Soc, 87, p. 4441Meriweth, L.S., Breitner, E.C., Colthup, N.B., (1965) J Am Chem Soc, 87, p. 4448Moharram, M.A., Shabaka, A.A., Khafagi, M.G., (1991) J Appl Polym Sci, 42, p. 2121Krihak, M., Murtagh, M.T., Shahriari, M.R., (1997) J Sol-gel Sci Technol, 10, p. 153Douhal, A.J., (1994) J Phys Chem, 98, p. 13131Lillie, R.D., (1956) J Histochem Cytochem, 4, p. 377Ostle, A.G., Holt, J.G., (1982) Appl Environ Microbiol, 44, p. 238Van Staveren, H.J., Speelman, O.C., Witjes, M.J.H., Cincotta, L., Star, W.M., (2001) Photochem Photobiol, 73, p. 32Kolthoff, I.M., Rosenblum, C., (1937) Acid-base Indicators, , Macmillan: New YorkZimmerman, G., Glow, L.Y., Paik, U.J., (1958) J Am Chem Soc, 80, p. 3528Blanc, J., (1970) J Phys Chem, 74, p. 4037Liu, J., Jean, Y.C., Yang, H.J., (1995) Macromolecules, 28, p. 5774Lamarre, L., Sung, C.S.P., (1983) Macromolecules, 16, p. 1729Hooke, J.C., Torkelson, J.M., (1995) Macromolecules, 28, p. 7683Irie, M., (1990) Pure Appl Chem, 62, p. 1495Talhavini, M., Atvars, T.D.Z., (1999) J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem, 120, p. 141Talhavini, M., Corradini, W., Atvars, T.D.Z., (2001) J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem, 139, p. 187Levitus, M., Talhavini, M., Negri, R.M., Atvars, T.D.Z., Aramendia, P.F., (1997) J Phys Chem B, 101, p. 7680Christoff, M., Atvars, T.D.Z., (1999) Macromolecules, 32, p. 690

Photoinduced Birefringence In Di-azo Compounds In Polystyrene And Poly(methyl Methacrylate) Guest-host Systems

An investigation is presented of the optical storage capability, via photoinduced birefringence, for three di-azo compounds (Sudan dyes) incorporated into two polymer matrices, namely poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS). The optical birefringence was induced in the samples by using a diode-pumped frequency doubled Nd:YAG at 532 nm, while a He-Ne laser light at 632.8 nm was used to measure the induced birefringence in the sample. The results show lower dye mobility in PS than in PMMA matrices owing to the lower free volume that interferes with the efficiency of the birefringence photoinduced process. Some of the reasons for the lower efficiency of the induced birefringence of di-azo compounds compared to the mono-azo dyes are also discussed. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.302216221Sekkat, Z., Dumont, M., (1991) Appl. Phys. B-Photophys. Laser Chem., 53, p. 121Natansohn, A., Rochon, P., Gosselin, J., Xie, S., (1992) Macromolecules, 25, p. 2268Xie, S., Natansohn, A.., Rochon, P., (1993) Chem. Mater., 5, p. 403Meng, X., Natansohn, A., Rochon, P., (1996) J. Polym. Sci. Part B-Polym. Phys., 34, p. 1461Meng, X., Natansohn, A., Barrett, C., Rochon, P., (1996) Macromolecules, 29, p. 946Mendonça, C.R., dos Santos Jr., D.S., Balogh, D.T., Dhanabalan, A., Giacometti, J.A., Zilio, S.C., Oliveira Jr., O.N., (2001) Polymer, 42, p. 6539Meng, X., Natansohn, A., Rochon, P., (1997) Polymer, 38, p. 2677Yesodha, S.K., Pillai, C.K.S., Tsutsumi, N., (2004) Progr. Polym. Sci, 29, p. 45dos Santos Jr., D.S., Bassi, A., Rodrigues, J.J., Misoguti, L., Oliveira Jr., O.N., Mendonça, C.R., (2003) Biomacromolecules, 4, p. 1502Ahlheim, M., Lehr, F., (1995) Macromol. Chem. Phys., 196, p. 243Andrade, A.A., Yamaki, S.B., Misoguti, L., Zilio, S.C., Atvars, T.D.Z., Oliveira Jr., O.N., Mendonça, C.R., (2004) Opt. Mater., 27, p. 441de Oliveira, M.G., Yamaki, S.B., Atvars, T.D.Z., (2004) J. Brazil Chem. Soc., 15, p. 253Christoff, M., Yamaki, S.B., de Oliveira, M.G., Atvars, T.D.Z., (2004) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 92, p. 830Suzuki, H., (1967) An Application of Molecular Orbital Theory, , Academic Press, New YorkHooker, J.C., Burghardt, W.R., Torkelson, J.M., (1999) J. Chem. Phys., 111, p. 2779Dhanabalan, A., Mendonça, C.R., Balogh, D.T., Misoguti, L., Constantino, C.J.L., Giacometti, J.A., Zilio, S.C., Oliveira Jr., O.N., (1999) Macromolecules, 32, p. 5277dos Santos Jr., D.S., Mendonça, C.R., Balogh, D.T., Dhanabalan, A., Giacometti, J.A., Zilio, S.C., Oliveira Jr., O.N., (2001) Synthetic Met., 121, p. 1479Natansohn, A., Rochon, P., (2002) Chem. Rev., 102, p. 4139Zucolotto, V., Mendonça, C.R., dos Santos Jr., D.S., Balogh, D.T., Zilio, S.C., Oliveira Jr., O.N., Constantino, C.J.L., Aroca, R.F., (2002) Polymer, 43, p. 4645Zucolotto, V., Neto, N.M.B., Rodrigues, J.J., Constantino, C.J.L., Zilio, S.C., Mendonça, C.R., Aroca, R.F., Oliveira Jr., O.N., (2004) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 4, p. 855Zucolotto, V., Strack, P.J., Santos, F.R., Balogh, D.T., Constantino, C.J.L., Mendonça, C.R., Oliveira Jr., O.N., (2004) Thin Solid Films, 453-54, p. 110Camilo, C.S., dos Santos Jr., D.S., Rodrigues, J.J., Vega, M.L., Campana, S.P., Oliveira Jr., O.N., Mendonça, C.R., (2003) Biomacromolecules, 4, p. 1583Christoff, M., Atvars, T.D.Z., (1999) Macromolecules, 32, p. 6093Victor, J.G., Torkelson, J.M., (1987) Macromolecules, 20, p. 2241Victor, J.G., Torkelson, J.M., (1988) Macromolecules, 21, p. 3490Bohlen, J., Kirchheim, R., (2001) Macromolecules, 34, p. 4210Scmitz, H., Muller-Plathe, F., (2000) J. Chem. Phys., 112, p. 104

Two-photon Absorption Spectrum In Diazoaromatic Compounds

This Letter studies the degenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra of three diazoaromatic compounds using Z-scan with fs-pulses. The 2PA spectra exhibit resonant enhancement of the nonlinearity as the excitation approaches the linear absorption. The absence of 2PA to the ππ* band is related to the weaker donor/acceptor groups, and lower symmetry of diazoaromatic compounds, in agreement with our semi-empirical calculations. The higher magnitude of the 2PA cross-section, in comparison with single azoaromatics, demonstrates the positive effect of increasing conjugation. The decrease of 2PA cross-section with temperature is attributed to thermally induced torsions, which decreases the effective conjugation of diazoaromatic molecules. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.4634-6360363Prasad, P.N., Willians, D.J., (1991) Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers, , Wiley Interscience, New YorkKawata, S., Sun, H.B., Tanaka, T., Takada, K., (2001) Nature, 412, p. 697Sun, H.B., Kawata, S., (2004) Advances in Polymer Science: NMR - 3D Analysis - Photopolymerization, , Springer-Verlag, Berlin p. 169Kawata, S., Kawata, Y., (2000) Chem. Rev., 100, p. 1777Mendonca, C.R., (2007) Opt. Commun., 273, p. 435Belfield, K.D., Ren, X., Van Stryland, E.W., Hagan, D.J., Dubikovski, V., Meisak, E.J., (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, p. 1217Denk, W., Strickler, J.H., Webb, W.W., (1990) Science, 248, p. 73Kohler, R.H., Cao, J., Zipfel, W.R., Webb, W.W., Hansen, M.R., (1997) Science, 276, p. 2039Bhawalkar, J.D., He, G.S., Prasad, P.N., (1996) Rep. Prog. Phys., 59, p. 1041Herman, B., Wang, X.F., Wodnicki, P., Perisamy, A., Mahajan, N., Berry, G., Gordon, G., (1999) Applied Fluorescence in Chemistry Biology and Medicine, p. 496. , Retting B.S.W., Schrader S., and Seifert H. (Eds), Springer, New YorkZhou, G.Y., Wang, C., Lei, H., Wang, D., Shao, Z.S., Jiang, M.H., (2001) Chin. Phys. Lett., 18, p. 1120Oliveira, S.L., Correa, D.S., Misoguti, L., Constantino, C.J.L., Aroca, R.F., Zilio, S.C., Mendonca, C.R., (2005) Adv. Mater., 17, p. 1890Albota, M., (1998) Science, 281, p. 1653Belfield, K.D., Hagan, D.J., Van Stryland, E.W., Schafer, K.J., Negres, R.A., (1999) Org. Lett., 1, p. 1575Morel, Y., Stephan, O., Andraud, C., Baldeck, P.L., (2001) Synth. Met., 124, p. 237Wang, X.M., Wang, D., Zhou, G.Y., Yu, W.T., Zhou, Y.F., Fang, Q., Jiang, M.H., (2001) J. Mater. Chem., 11, p. 1600Reinhardt, B.A., (1998) Chem. Mater., 10, p. 1863Rochon, P., Gosselin, J., Natansohn, A., Xie, S., (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., 60, p. 4Jiang, X.L., Li, L., Kumar, J., Kim, D.Y., Shivshankar, V., Tripathy, S.K., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, p. 2619Jager, M., (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys., 15, p. 781Cherioux, F., Audebert, P., Maillotte, H., Grossard, L., Hernandez, F.E., Lacourt, A., (1997) Chem. Mater., 9, p. 2921De Boni, L., (2002) Chem. Phys. Lett., 361, p. 209Antonov, L., Kamada, K., Ohta, K., Kamounah, F.S., (2003) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, p. 1193De Boni, L., Misoguti, L., Zilio, S.C., Mendonca, C.R., (2005) ChemPhysChem, 6, p. 1121Neves, U.M., De Boni, L., Ye, Z.H., Bu, X.R., Mendonca, C.R., (2007) Chem. Phys. Lett., 441, p. 221De Boni, L., Piovesan, E., Misoguti, L., Zilio, S.C., Mendonca, C.R., (2007) J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, p. 6222Sheik-Bahae, M., Said, A.A., Wei, T.H., Hagan, D.J., Van Stryland, E.W., (1990) IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 26, p. 760Correa, D.S., De Boni, L., Misoguti, L., Cohanoschi, I., Hernandez, F.E., Mendonca, C.R., (2007) Opt. Commun., 277, p. 440Franken, P.A., Ward, J.F., (1963) Rev. Mod. Phys., 35, p. 23Orr, B.J., Ward, J.F., (1971) Mol. Phys., 20, p. 513Kamada, K., Ohta, K., Yoichiro, I., Kondo, K., (2003) Chem. Phys. Lett., 372, p. 386Mazumdar, S., Guo, D.D., Dixit, S.N., (1993) Synth. Met., 57, p. 3881Dirk, C.W., Cheng, L.T., Kuzyk, M.G., (1992) Int. J. Quant. Chem., 43, p. 27Birge, R.R., Pierce, B.M., (1979) J. Chem. Phys., 70, p. 165Rumi, M., (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, p. 9500Zojer, E., Beljonne, D., Kogej, T., Vogel, H., Marder, S.R., Perry, J.W., Bredas, J.L., (2002) J. Chem. Phys., 116, p. 3646Kogej, T., Beljonne, D., Meyers, F., Perry, J.W., Marder, S.R., Bredas, J.L., (1998) Chem. Phys. Lett., 298, p. 1Andrade, A.A., Yamaki, S.B., Misoguti, L., Zilio, S.C., Atvars, T.D.Z., Oliveira, O.N., Mendonca, C.R., (2004) Opt. Mater., 27, p. 441Day, P.N., Nguyen, K.A., Pachter, R., (2005) J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, p. 1803Bicknell, R.T.M., Davies, D.B., Lawrence, K.G., (1982) J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. I, 78, p. 159

An energy conservative symplectic methodology for buckling of cylindrical shells under axial compression

10.1007/s00707-013-0814-5Acta Mechanica22481579-1592AMHC