Hierarchy-of-models Approach for Aggregated-Force Attrition

Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference J. A. Joines, R. R. Barton, K. Kang, and P. A. Fishwick, eds.This paper presents some innovations for overcoming shortcomings in the current state-of-the-art for the hierarchy-of-models approach to modeling aggregatedforce attrition in ground-combat models. The basic concept of such an approach for modeling large-scale system behavior is presented, together with the theoretical underpinnings for modeling attrition in large-scale ground combat. The output of an entity-level discrete-event combat simulation is fit to a Lanchester-type aggregatedreplay model. Use of a reliable statistical-estimation technique for determining model parameters is emphasized. The main innovation is to show how use of more detailed output data (e.g. line-of-sight (LOS) data) from the high-resolution simulation allows one to develop maximum-likelihood estimates. The methodology is applied to a current high-resolution DoD combat model, and a Lanchester-type aggregated-force replay model is developed

Proximal protective stoma by low anterior resection of the rectum - When? How? How long?

There is an evolution in the diagnostic algorithm of rectal cancer. In this condition preoperative investigations assist in deciding the optimal treatment. The relation of the tumor edge to the circumferential margin (CRM) is an important factor in deciding the need for neoadjuvant treatment and determines the prognosis. Those with threatened or involved margins are offered long course chemoradiation to enable R0 surgical resection. Endoanal ultrasound (EUS) is useful for tumor (T) staging; hence EUS is a useful imaging modality for early rectal cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for assessing the mesorectum and the mesorectalfascia which has useful prognostic significance and for early identification of local recurrence. Computerized tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen and pelvis is used to rule out distant metastasis. Identification of the malignant nodes using EUS, CT and MRI is based on the size, morphology and internal characteristics but has drawbacks. Most of the common imaging techniques are suboptimal for imaging following chemoradiation as they struggle to differentiate fibrotic changes and tumor. In this situation, EUS and MRI may provide complementary information to decide further treatment. Functional imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) is useful, particularly PET/CT fusion scans to identify areas of the functionally hotspots. In the current state, imaging has enabled the multidisciplinary team of surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and pathologists to decide on the patient centered management of rectal cancer. Functional imaging may play an active role in identifying patients with lymph node metastasis and those with residual and recurrent disease following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in near future

Interdiffusion in dilute polymer mixtures. A subtle concentration effect

Dynamic light scattering has been used to investigate the diffusional dynamics in very dilute polystyrene/poly(propylene oxide), PS/PPO, polymer blends. Compared to previous investigations in the field, this system is more suitable for this type of investigation due to the significant refractive index difference between the two components and the fact that the matrix (PPO) dynamics do not interfere with the measurements. The tracer diffusion coefficient of PS thus obtained in the limit of infinite dilution scales as N−0.8±0.04PS with the PS degree of polymerization, i.e., behavior intermediate between the limits of nondraining Zimm and free‐draining Rouse behavior. The effect of the addition of a third component even at tracer concentrations on the diffusion dynamics was investigated both experimentally and theoretically in the framework of the dynamic random phase approximation. Similarities and differences between theory and experiment were found that are rather due to a modification of hydrodynamic interactions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70731/2/JCPSA6-101-4-3222-1.pd

Facilitating the operational readiness of the NHS for the in-house manufacture and delivery of autologous cell therapy [210]

Facilitating the operational readiness of the NHS for the in-house manufacture and delivery of autologous cell therapy [210

A cross-sectional study of demographic, environmental and parental barriers to active school travel among children in the United States

[Background] Promoting daily routine physical activities, such as active travel to school, may have important health implications. Practitioners and policy makers must understand the variety of factors that influence whether or not a child uses active school travel. Several reviews have identified both inhibitors and promoters of active school travel, but few studies have combined these putative characteristics in one analysis. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between elementary school children’s active school travel and variables hypothesized as correlates (demographics, physical environment, perceived barriers and norms). [Methods] The current project uses the dataset from the National Evaluation of Walk to School (WTS) Project, which includes data from 4th and 5th grade children and their parents from 18 schools across the US. Measures included monthly child report of mode of school travel during the previous week (n = 10,809) and perceived barriers and social norms around active school travel by parents (n = 1,007) and children (n = 1,219). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) with log-link functions were used to assess bivariate and multivariate associations between hypothesized correlates and frequency of active school travel, assuming random school effect and controlling for the distance to school. [Results] The final model showed that the most relevant significant predictors of active school travel were parent’s perceived barriers, specifically child resistance (Estimate = −0.438, p < 0.0001) and safety and weather (Estimate = −0.0245, p < 0.001), as well as the school’s percentage of Hispanic students (Estimate = 0.0059, p < 0.001), after adjusting for distance and including time within school cluster as a random effect. [Conclusions] Parental concerns may be impacting children’s use of active school travel, and therefore, future interventions to promote active school travel should more actively engage parents and address these concerns. Programs like the Walk to School program, which are organized by the schools and can engage community resources such as public safety officials, could help overcome many of these perceived barriers to active transport.This study was supported by a cooperative agreement from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Interest Project (SIP 09–02). The project was conducted out of the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, a Prevention Research Center funded through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U48-DP001944)

Impact of Weight of the Nation Community Screenings on Obesity-Related Beliefs

HBO’s Weight of the Nation was a collaborative effort among several national organizations to raise awareness about the complexity of the obesity epidemic and promote action through media and community forums. The primary aim of this study was to assess the short-term effects of Weight of the Nation community screenings on obesity-related beliefs, intentions, and policy support

Pricing and capacity allocation for shared services

We study the pricing and capacity allocation problem of a service provider who serves two distinct customer classes. Customers within each class are inherently heterogeneous in their willingness to pay for service, but their utilities are also affected by the presence of other customers in the system. Specifically, customer utilities depend on how many customers are in the system at the time of service as well as who these other customers are. We find that if the service provider can price discriminate between customer classes, pricing out a class, i.e., operating an exclusive system, can sometimes be optimal and that depends only on classes’ perceptions of each other. If the provider must charge a single price, an exclusive system is even more likely. We extend our analysis to a service provider who can prevent class interaction by allocating separate capacity segments to the two customer classes. Under price discrimination, allocating capacity is optimal if the “net appreciation” between classes, as defined in the paper, is negative. However, under a single–price policy, allocating capacity can be optimal even if this net appreciation is positive. We describe in detail how the nature of asymmetry in classes’ perception of each other determines the optimal strategy

Bulk and surface electron dynamics in a p-type topological insulator SnSb2Te4

Under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY).-- et al.Time-resolved two-photon photoemission was used to study the electronic structure and dynamics at the surface of SnSb2Te4, a p-type topological insulator. The Dirac point is found 0.32±0.03 eV above the Fermi level. Electrons from the conduction band minimum are scattered on a time scale of 43±4 fs to the Dirac cone. From there they decay to the partly depleted valence band with a time constant of 78±5 fs. The significant interaction of the Dirac states with bulk bands is attributed to their bulk penetration depth of ∼3 nm as found from density functional theory calculations.We acknowledge partial support from the Basque Country Government, Departamento de Educacion, Universidades e Investigacion (Grant No. IT-366-07), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Grant No. FIS2010-19609-C02-00), the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation (Grant No. 2.8575.2013), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 13-02-12110_ofi_m), and Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan [Grant No. EIF-2011-1(3)-82/69/4-M-50].Peer Reviewe

Response of the topological surface state to surface disorder in TlBiSe2_2

Through a combination of experimental techniques we show that the topmost layer of the topo- logical insulator TlBiSe$_2$ as prepared by cleavage is formed by irregularly shaped Tl islands at cryogenic temperatures and by mobile Tl atoms at room temperature. No trivial surface states are observed in photoemission at low temperatures, which suggests that these islands can not be re- garded as a clear surface termination. The topological surface state is, however, clearly resolved in photoemission experiments. This is interpreted as a direct evidence of its topological self-protection and shows the robust nature of the Dirac cone like surface state. Our results can also help explain the apparent mass acquisition in S-doped TlBiSe$_2$.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure