Fear and the Response to Terrorism: An Economic Analysis

This paper offers a rational approach to the economics and psychology of fear and provides empirical evidence that supports our theory. We explicitly consider both the impact of danger on emotions and the distortive effect of fear on subjective beliefs and individual choices. Yet, we also acknowledge individuals' capacity to manage their emotions. Though costly, people can learn to control their fear and economic incentives affect the degree to which they do so. Since it does not pay back the same returns to everyone, people will differ in their reaction to impending danger. We then empirically examine the response of Israelis to terror incidents during the "Al-Aqsa" Intifada. Consistent with our theory, the overall impact of attacks on the usage of goods and services subject to terror attacks (e.g. bus services, coffee shops) reflects solely the reactions of occasional users. We find no impact of terrorist attacks on the demand for these goods and services by frequent users. Education and the exposure to media coverage also matters. We find a large impact of suicide attacks during regular media coverage days, and almost no impact of suicide attacks when they are followed by either a holiday or a weekend, especially among the less educated families and among occasional users.Economics, psychology, education

Penyusunan Studi Kasus

Case study, as one methodology research, is increasing recognized and value and become unique in nursing research. This related to the nursing philosophy which emphasizes whole aspect of human. Case study emphasizes on understanding of phenomenon, based on the human experiences. Case study is also useful as exploratory phase in research, in particularly when the researchers have little knowledge about particularly phenomenon. In collecting data, there are several ways, such as questionnaires, in depth-interview. There are several procedures in case study, namely determining problem, deciding design and instrument, collecting data, analyzing data and preparing outcomes research. The final outcome of case study is the understanding of phenomenon and holistic aspect of phenomenon. The aim of this article is to provide some input for beginner in order to achieve good research design

Fear and the response to terrorism: an economic analysis

This paper offers a rational approach to the economics and psychology of fear and provides empirical evidence that supports our theory. We explicitly consider both the impact of danger on emotions and the distortive effect of fear on subjective beliefs and individual choices. Yet, we also acknowledge individuals’ capacity to manage their emotions. Though costly, people can learn to control their fear and economic incentives affect the degree to which they do so. Since it does not pay back the same returns to everyone, people will differ in their reaction to impending danger. We then empirically examine the response of Israelis to terror incidents during the 'Al-Aqsa' Intifada. Consistent with our theory, the overall impact of attacks on the usage of goods and services subject to terror attacks (e.g. bus services, coffee shops) reflects solely the reactions of occasional users. We find no impact of terrorist attacks on the demand for these goods and services by frequent users. Education and the exposure to media coverage also matters. We find a large impact of suicide attacks during regular media coverage days, and almost no impact of suicide attacks when they are followed by either a holiday or a weekend, especially among the less educated families and among occasional users

Analisis Fenomenologi Tantang Pengalaman Perawat Dalam Memberikan Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Pasien Dengan Avian Influenza

Nurse is the only health team member in the hospital who always contact intensively with the patient. Fear of getting infection from patient can create negative perception and attitude which will influence the way nurse perform nursing care to the patient. This is important to assess what nurse perception in caring for infectious patiens, such as Avian Influenza (AI) patients. A Phenomenology study was carried out to identify the experience of nurses in taking care patient with Avian Influenza. The purpose of the study was to identify the experience of nurses in taking care patients with Avian Influenza. The participants were seven nurses who work at a hospital in Jakarta. Data was collected by the in-depth interview. The major themes revealed in this study were: inadequate knowledge about Avian Influeza, highly prefessional nurses, feeling when caring for patient, way in preventing AI transmission. In conclusion, there is a need to conduct additional training about Avian Influenza in the context of nursing care approach

Peranan Bidang USAha Koperasi dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Anggota pada Koperasi Karyawan PT. Indoacidatama (Kokarindo) Tahun 2007-2011

The purpose of this study was to: 1) To know the efforts which is doing to improve the business in Employees Cooperative of PT. Indo Acidatama; 2) To know the financial performance of Employees Cooperative of PT. Indo Acidatama; 3) To know the supporting factor implementation in business Employees Cooperative of PT. Indo Acidatama and how to optimize the supporting factor; 4) To know the inhibiting factor implementation in business Employees Cooperative of PT. Indo Acidatama and how to overcome its obstacle factor. This study is a qualitative study that uses data sources informants, place research, and documents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data was collected by interview, observation, and documentation. The validity of the triangulation of data sources, methods, and reviews.Data analysis with interactive models. The result of research showed that: 1) efforts to develop business of Cooperative Employees PT. Indo Acidatama (KOKARINDO) are made innovation and made new product plan, promoting the trust members, presence a policy company to partner with this KOKARINDO; 2) Employees Cooperative Financial Performance of PT. Indo Acidatama which is doing with the profitability of financial ratio analysisis Return on Assets and Equity Profitability. The results of several calculations such areain the cooperative,shows that all areas of business cooperatives generate net benefits for its members.However, the business unit that showing the greatest benefits for their members; 3) Supporting factors implementation of the business Cooperative Employees PT. Indo Acidatama is: trust given by the members of the cooperative, the capital of which is owned by the cooperative, the availability of good infrastructure. As for how to optimize the supporting factor is an open information system, used to raise capital loan plaffon that is trailored to employee income, and the infrastructure used properly; 4) The problem faced by the cooperative are cutbacks although only 50% wages, restrictions on borrowing ceiling, and the things that are of coordination between cooperative management. While efforts were made ​​to overcome these obstacles is, members will do things like: the opening of a new business, do not borrow anymore, asking the board to extend the installment/ pay cuts in order to feel lighter. While the administrators, doing business as: enforcing existing rules, conduct regular coordination meetings every month

Optimalisasi Peningkatan Keterampilan Mengajar Mahasiswa dengan Menerapkan Model Berbasis Masalah dalam Pembelajaran IPS di SD

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi bahwa keterampilan mengajar mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran IPS yang disimulasikan di dalam kelas belum terlihat selayaknya seorang guru dengan menampilkan berbagai keterampilan mengajar yang meliputi membuka menutup pelajaran, menjelaskan, bertanya dasar dan lanjut, mengelola gelas, mengadakan variasi, membimbing diskusi dan kelompok kecil. Dari temuan tersebut dapat dirumuskan masalah yakni bagaimana peningkatkan keterampilan mengajar mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan model berbasis masalah. Penelitian ini pun bertujuan meningkatkan keterampilan mengajar mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan model berbasis masalah. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dilakukan oleh mahasiswa semester 4 di UPI Kampus Cibiru menggunakan metode deskriptif yang diawali dengan penyajian permasalahan diikuti dengan melakukan analisa terhadap informasi sebagai landasan dalam memecahkan permasalahan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, catatan lapangan penampilan mengajar mahasiswa pada tiap pertemuan perkuliahan. Hasil penelitian mengalami peningkatan yakni pada Pembelajaran 1 mahasiswa mampu mengoptimalkan 4 keterampilan mengajar, Pembelajaran 2 mahasiswa mampu mengoptimalkan 5 keterampilan mengajar, dan Pembelajaran 3 keterampilan mengajar dilakukan optimal. Hal ini berdasarkan hasil observasi dan hasil penampilan simulasi mahasiswa

Good things come in threes

Ectopic expression of PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 reprograms mouse and human fibroblasts into dendritic cells. See related Research Article by Rosa et al

Good things come in threes

Ectopic expression of PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 reprograms mouse and human fibroblasts into dendritic cells. See related Research Article by Rosa et al

HER2/Neu Expression was Different between Benign, Borderline and Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors

Objective: To determine the difference of HER2/neu expression in benign, borderline and malignant epithelial ovarian tumor. Method: An analytic cross-sectional study was performed on 49 samples of epithelial ovarian cases which were divided into three groups: twelve cases of benign epithelial ovarian tumor, 9 cases of borderline epithelial ovarian tumor and 28 cases of malignant epithelial ovarian tumor. Paraffin embedded tissue samples was cut, stained with HER2/neu imunohistochemistry and examined in Pathology Laboratory at Sanglah Hospital. The other data was collected from medical record samples. The data was analysed using One Way Anova test and Chi-square test with level of confidence α = 0.05. Result: There were 13 cases (46.43%) of the HER2/neu over expression in malignant epithelial ovarian tumors, 2 cases (22.22%) of the HER2/neu over expression in borderline epithelial ovarian tumors and 1 case (9.09%) of the HER2/neu over expression in benign epithelial ovarian tumors. With p = 0.048 (p < 0.05), there are differentiation of HER2/neu expression in benign, borderline and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. Conclusion: In this study HER2/neu expression was different between benign, borderline and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. Keywords: benign epithelial ovarian tumor, borderline epithelial ovarian tumor, HER2/neu, malignant epithelial ovarian tumor, ovarian cancer

Identification of F1 cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) progeny using microsatellite markers and capillary electrophoresis

Generation of genetic diversity is necessary in improving on the potential of cassava when faced with various biotic and abiotic challenges. Presently, cassava breeders are breeding for a number of traits, such as drought tolerance, early root bulking, yield, starch, beta-carotene, protein, dry matter, pest and disease resistance, by relying on genetic diversity that exists in manihot esculenta germplasm. Controlled pollination is one of the main methods used to generate genetic diversity in cassava. However, the process of controlled pollination especially in an open field is prone to contamination by illegitimate pollen right from the time of pollination, seed collection, nursery bed establishment to planting of the trials. Therefore, authentication of the progeny obtained from cas-sava crosses is very important for genetic studies. Twelve informative microsatellite markers were used to verify the authenticity of 364 F1 progeny thought to come from four controlled parental crosses. The transmission of each allele at nine microsatellite loci was tracked from parents to progeny in each of the four Namikonga-derived F1 cassava families. Out of the 364 F1 progeny, 317 (87.1%) were true-to-type, 44 (12.1%) were a product of self-pollination and 3 (0.8%) were a product of open pollination. The consistency of the results obtained using microsatellite markers makes this technique a reliable tool for assessing the purity of progeny generated from cassava crosses