REVIEW ON ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES OF NUTRACEUTICAL PLANT: CAPPARIS SPINOSA L. (CAPER)

Objective: Capparis spinosa L. (Caper) is a perennial spiny bush that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and big white to pinkish-white flowers. It is nativeto the Mediterranean region and growing wild on walls or in rocky coastal areas throughout India. Even though it has been used in traditional Indiansystem of medicines for various human diseases, the summation of its medicinal properties is lacking. Hence, the present review focused to providecollective information regarding the medicinal value of C. spinosa.Methods: Literatures were collected from online resources like Scopus, Sciencedirect etc., related to the pharmacological activities of Capparis spinosaand the available information were summarized and given in the review.Results: C. spinosa has anthelminthic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cardiovascular,chondroprotective, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antiallergic and antihistaminic, immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, and antihepatotoxic activity.The phytochemicals identified in this plant were lipids, alkaloids, glucocapperin, and polyphenols.Conclusion: This review attempts to encompass the available literature on C. spinosa with respect to its pharmacognostic characters, chemicalconstituents, nutritional characters, various pharmacological activities, traditional uses, and modern use.Keywords: Capparis spinosa L., Caper, Medicinal properties, Nutritional value, Phytochemicals

Regular Semiopen Sets on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Topological Spaces in Sostak’s Sense

We introduce the concepts of fuzzy (r; s)-regular semi (resp. (r; s)-α, (r; s)-pre, (r; s)-β open sets, their respective interior and closure operators on intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces in ˆ Sostak’s sense and then we investigate some of their characteristic properties

Comparative study of fatty meal Versus drotaverine hydrochloride Versus hyoscine-n-butylbromide for duodenal antimotility and ease of cannulation during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

INTRODUCTION : Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is in clinical practice since 1968 for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases. ERCP is a technically demanding procedure that requires considerable amount of training to be performed safely. Common bile duct (CBD) and/or the pancreatic duct (PD) cannulation is the critical step. Failed intervention or an aborted procedure is due to failure of cannulation of the desired ducts. A side viewing duodenoscope of 120cms is necessary for cannulation of normal gastrointestinal anatomy, whereas a forward viewing duodenoscope may be necessary in case of altered anatomy like Billroth II anastomoses, Roux‐en Y anastomosis, Choledochojejunostomy and Hepaticojejunostomy. In surgically altered anatomy, usage of a double or “short” double‐balloon and single balloon enteroscopy has achieved a higher successful cannulation rates. For diagnostic and therapeutic interventions like sphincterotomy, stent placement and stone extraction, cannulation of the ampulla of Vater and wire access of the ampulla is the prime requirement. A higher rate of successful cannulation without complications usually depends on the expertise of the endoscopist. Those with lesser experience have a much lower rate of success and higher occurrence of complications. The anatomy typically predisposes to pancreatic duct cannulation as the pancreatic duct enters the ampulla in a straight fashion. Edema or strictures in the small bowel, surgically altered anatomy, blood or excessive fluid in the lumen and periampullary diverticulum increases the difficulty of the procedure. Prolonged cannulation often results in increased patient morbidity, unnecessary radiation exposure and anxiety for endoscopists. With normal anatomy, various technical methods have been adopted to facilitate cannulation at ERCP based on technical and pharmacological aspects. AIM : To compare the effect of Fatty meal versus Drotaverine hydrochloride versus Hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide: On duodenal contraction rate, To identify the ampulla, Time for cannulation, Adverse events. CONCLUSION : In the current study fatty meal is not inferior to the conventionally used Hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide or its alternate Drotaverine for its anti‐motility effect on the duodenum during ERCP. The cannulation time is no different within the groups. The identification of ampulla was easier with the fatty meal group. There is a possibility of higher increase in pulse rate and blood pressure in patients with ischemic heart disease with the use of Hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide. Further larger randomized trials are required to confirm the efficacy of fatty meal in ERCP

Plasma hs-crp level as a predictor of left ventricular function & myocardial reperfusion injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction-thrombolysed

1. In the estimation of High sensitive- C –reactive protein, the high risk group predominated at 52% with a mean of 6.72±1.76, intermediate risk - 25% with a mean of 2.02±0.083 and low risk - 23% with a mean of 0.75±0.239. 2. In all the groups male patients predominated. 3. In the low and intermediate group the window period was predominantly in the range of 3- 6 hrs, in high risk group it was > 6 hrs. 4. The mean ejection fraction in the low risk was 57±11, intermediate risk was 54.12±10.76 and in high risk group it was 50±10.8. 5. The reperfusion injury was only 4% in the low risk group, 8% in the intermediate risk and it was higher in the high risk group at 42%. 6. The most common site of acute myocardial infarction was extensive anterior wall myocardial infarction followed by inferior wall myocardial infarction. 7. Among women, 55.55% of post menopausal women had acute myocardial infarction. 8) Oral contraceptive pill was a risk factor in 1 patient (5.5%). 9. Smoking was one of the major risk factor in 79.2% of male patients. 10. Obesity was found to be a risk factor in 22% of patients.55.55% among female were obese. 11. Diabetes was found in 29% of patients of which 79.3% were male. 12. Hypertension was seen in 49% patients. Of these 79.59% were male. CONCLUSION : In this Present study it is found that Ejection Fraction is lower in the high CRP group. Reperfusion injury is lower in the low and intermediate risk group according to the High Sensitive C –Reactive Protein assay. As echocardiogram was done only on day three after Acute myocardial infarction, a lot of stunned myocardium may be present, which is the limitation of this study

Smooth Weighted Approach for Colour Histogram Construction using Human Colour Perception for CBIR Applications

Abstract In this paper, we construct histogram based on Human colour visual perception fo

Integrating Coding and Artificial Intelligence in English Language Teaching: A Study at Cihan University-Duhok

Coding and language acquisition are highly valued in the present world, not only in the educational system but also in daily life and earning a living. In terms of Artificial intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Deep Learning, etc., coding is becoming more and more integrated into daily life. Applying coding to increase the visualization of English learning by smart systems employing AI in the classroom, in the context of English Language Teaching (ELT), may have a significant influence on how students learn. Any civilization needs language to facilitate social interaction because it allows people to communicate their ideas, opinions, and feelings to others while also advancing their knowledge. English is a language that everyone may use to communicate with one another. As a result of the growing tendency of linguistic globalization, bilingualism is becoming a fairly common phenomenon in today\u27s world. This paper will investigate the potential effects of coding on undergraduate students\u27 academic performance and English language comprehension. It tries to assess both levels of learning English and vocabulary by coding using the survey data by SPSS. Additionally, it will make an effort to link the teacher\u27s study level and outside-the-classroom teaching methods. A thorough literature review has been done and a research gap has been found. Then for the study, 60 undergraduate students from the Department of English, Cihan University- Duhok were chosen, and they were requested to take a pre-test to gauge their level of English proficiency. Additionally, the faculty were picked to gauge how easy it was for the students to grasp the language. After introducing coding and smart systems into the learning process, a post-test was conducted, and the outcomes were evaluated. The AI and smart system in the ELT can enhance the way and interest of learning. This study has led to the conclusion that coding can be added to ELT to enhance learning

The heterodimeric structure of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 dictates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-directed transcriptional events in osteoblasts

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) C plays a key role in RNA processing but also exerts a dominant negative effect on responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) by functioning as a vitamin D response element-binding protein (VDRE-BP). hnRNPC acts a tetramer of hnRNPC1 (huC1) and hnRNPC2 (huC2), and organization of these subunits is critical to in vivo nucleic acid-binding. Overexpression of either huC1 or huC2 in human osteoblasts is sufficient to confer VDRE-BP suppression of 1,25(OH)(2)D-mediated transcription. However, huC1 or huC2 alone did not suppress 1,25(OH)(2)D-induced transcription in mouse osteoblastic cells. By contrast, overexpression of huC1 and huC2 in combination or transfection with a bone-specific polycistronic vector using a “self-cleaving” 2A peptide to co-express huC1/C2 suppressed 1,25D-mediated induction of osteoblast target gene expression. Structural diversity of hnRNPC between human/NWPs and mouse/rat/rabbit/dog was investigated by analysis of sequence variations within the hnRNP CLZ domain. The predicted loss of distal helical function in hnRNPC from lower species provides an explanation for the altered interaction between huC1/C2 and their mouse counterparts. These data provide new evidence of a role for hnRNPC1/C2 in 1,25(OH)(2)D-driven gene expression, and further suggest that species-specific tetramerization is a crucial determinant of its actions as a regulator of VDR-directed transactivation

The isolation and culture of endothelial colony forming cells from human and rat lungs

Blood vessels are crucial for the normal development, lifelong repair and homeostasis of tissues. Recently, vascular progenitor cell–driven 'postnatal vasculogenesis' has been suggested as an important mechanism that contributes to new blood vessel formation and organ repair. Among several described progenitor cell types that contribute to blood vessel formation, endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) have received widespread attention as lineage-specific 'true' vascular progenitors. Here we describe a protocol for the isolation of pulmonary microvascular ECFCs from human and rat lung tissue. Our technique takes advantage of an earlier protocol for the isolation of circulating ECFCs from the mononuclear cellular fraction of peripheral blood. We adapted the earlier protocol to isolate resident ECFCs from the distal lung tissue. After enzymatic dispersion of rat or human lung samples into a cellular suspension, CD31-expressing cells are positively selected using magnetic-activated cell sorting and plated in endothelial-specific growth conditions. The colonies arising after 1–2 weeks in culture are carefully separated and expanded to yield pure ECFC cultures after a further 2–3 weeks. The resulting cells demonstrate the defining characteristics of ECFCs such as (i) 'cobblestone' morphology of cultured cell monolayers; (ii) acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake and Ulex europaeus lectin binding; (iii) tube-like network formation in Matrigel; (iv) expression of endothelial cell–specific surface markers and the absence of hematopoietic or myeloid surface antigens; (v) self-renewal potential displayed by the most proliferative cells; and (vi) contribution to de novo vessel formation in an in vivo mouse implant model. Assuming typical initial cell adhesion and proliferation rates, the entire procedure can be completed within 4 weeks. Isolation and culture of lung vascular ECFCs will allow assessment of the functional state of these cells in experimental and human lung diseases, providing newer insights into their pathophysiological mechanisms

Quantifying Vitamin K-dependent Holoprotein Compaction caused by differential γ-carboxylation using HPSEC

This study uses high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) to quantify divalent metal ion (X2+)-induced compaction found in vitamin K dependent (VKD) proteins. Multiple X2+ binding sites formed by the presence of up to 12 -carboxyglutamic acid residues (Gla) are present in plasma-derived (pd-) and recombinant (r-) Factor IX (FIX). Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) was used to calibrate the Stokes radius (R) measured by HPSEC. A compaction of pd-FIX caused by the filling of Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding sites resulting in a 5-6% decrease in radius of hydration as observed by HPSEC. The filling of Ca2+ sites resulted greater compaction than for Mg2+ alone where this effect was additive or greater when both ions were present at physiologic levels. Less X2+ induced compaction was observed in r-FIX with lower Gla content populations which enabled the separation of biologically active from inactive r-FIX species by HPSEC. HPSEC was sensitive to R changes of ~0.01 nm that enabled the detection of FIX compaction that was likely cooperative in nature between lower avidity X2+ sites of the Gla domain and higher X2+ avidity sites of the EGF1-like domain

SMART TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: IOT-CONNECTED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR TRAFFIC CONGESTION MANAGEMENT

Smart Transportation Systems (STS) are crucial to alleviating urban traffic congestion. This paper examines how gridlock managers might use IoT-related remote sensor networks to improve transportation productivity and flexibility. The study's initial inquiry examines traffic congestion's negative consequences on cities, including increased travel time, fuel consumption, and pollution. It emphasizes the need for creative solutions to reduce traffic and improve urban life. The solution's IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks simplify real-time data collection and analysis. A dense sensor network at important traffic sites can collect significant data on traffic flow, vehicle density, and road conditions. This data enables smart traffic management methods and better transportation systems. Sensor hubs, information transmission standards, and information analysis methodologies are examined in the exploratory article. It discusses network-sending challenges such as power productivity, flexibility, and information security and proposes solutions. The essay also considers synergies with autonomous cars, smart traffic signal systems, and IoT-connected wireless sensor networks in transportation infrastructure. These pairings boost gridlock executives' viability and STS's future. An IoT-associated remote sensor network was dispatched to a metropolitan region in the exploration piece to test the proposed configuration. The research examines the data, how traffic management tactics were applied, and how traffic flow, trip time, and environmental sustainability improved. This research shows that IoT-connected wireless sensor networks may transform smart transportation system traffic congestion management. Advanced analytics and real-time data may help cities reduce congestion, increase mobility, and develop sustainable cities