The Structure of Martian Magnetosphere at the Dayside Terminator Region as Observed on MAVEN Spacecraft

We analyzed 44 passes of the MAVEN spacecraft through the magnetosphere, arranged by the angle between electric field vector and the projection of spacecraft position radius vector in the YZ plane in MSE coordinate system (${\theta}$ E ). All passes were divided into 3 angular sectors near 0{\deg}, 90{\deg} and 180{\deg} ${\theta}$ E angles in order to estimate the role of IMF direction in plasma and magnetic properties of dayside Martian magnetosphere. The time interval chosen was from January 17 through February 4, 2016 when MAVEN was crossing the dayside magnetosphere at SZA ~ 70{\deg}. Magnetosphere as the region with prevailing energetic planetary ions is always found between the magnetosheath and the ionosphere. 3 angular sectors of dayside interaction region in MSE coordinate system with different orientation of the solar wind electric field vector E = -1/c V x B showed that for each sector one can find specific profiles of the magnetosheath, the magnetic barrier and the magnetosphere. Plume ions originate in the northern MSE sector where motion electric field is directed from the planet. This electric field ejects magnetospheric ions leading to dilution of magnetospheric heavy ions population, and this effect is seen in some magnetospheric profiles. Magnetic barrier forms in front of the magnetosphere, and relative magnetic field magnitudes in these two domains vary. The average height of the boundary with ionosphere is ~530 km and the average height of the magnetopause is ~730 km. We discuss the implications of the observed magnetosphere structure to the planetary ions loss mechanism.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figure

Observation of a Chiral State in a Microwave Cavity

A microwave experiment has been realized to measure the phase difference of the oscillating electric field at two points inside the cavity. The technique has been applied to a dissipative resonator which exhibits a singularity -- called exceptional point -- in its eigenvalue and eigenvector spectrum. At the singularity, two modes coalesce with a phase difference of $\pi/2 .$ We conclude that the state excited at the singularity has a definitiv chirality.Comment: RevTex 4, 5 figure

Enabling magnetic resonance imaging of hollow-core microstructured optical fibers via nanocomposite coating

Optical fibers are widely used in bioimaging systems as flexible endoscopes capable of low-invasive penetration inside hollow tissue cavities. Here, we report on the technique which allows magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hollow-core microstructured fibers (HC-MFs), paving the way for combing MRI and optical bioimaging. Our approach is based on Layer-by-Layer assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and magnetite nanoparticles on the inner core surface of HC-MFs. Incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles into polyelectrolyte layers renders HC-MFs visible for MRI and induces the red-shift in their transmission spectra. Specifically, the transmission shifts up to 60 nm have been revealed for the several-layers composite coating along with the high-quality contrast of HC-MFs in MRI scans. Our results shed light on marrying fiber-based endoscopy with MRI that opens novel possibilities for minimally invasive clinical diagnostics and surgical procedures in vivo.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Influence Functional State on Special Preparedness in Rock Climbing

Рукопись поступила в редакцию: 21.09.2023. Принята к публикации: 20.10.2023.Received: 21.09.2023. Accepted: 20.10.2023.В статье рассматривается проблема непропорциональности в более высоком значении ЧСС при лазании относительно беговых нагрузок при более низком уровне потребления кислорода. Целью исследования является определение влияния функционального состояния на специальную подготовленность скалолазов. В исследовании приняли участие дети в возрасте 8–12 лет, находящиеся на спортивно-оздоровительном этапе подготовки, обоего пола в количестве 24 человек. Для оценки напряжения регуляторных систем использовалась методика оценки вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР). В исследовании использован метод расчета специальной подготовленности, позволяющий учитывать количество наиболее сложных пройденных спортсменом боулдеринговых трасс за время тренировки и их количество. Конечный балл в большей степени зависит от сложности пролезаемой трассы. Установлено, что при лазании на простых трассах (ниже 6А по международной классификации) не наблюдается выраженных напряжений регуляторных систем организма. При росте специфических физических нагрузок в скалолазании (уровень трасс 6А‑6В) спортсмены сталкиваются с физическими усилиями требующих развития координационных и физических возможностей, несравнимых с предыдущим уровнем (трассы 5А‑5С). Также этот уровень предполагает большее психологическое напряжение. При дальнейшем усложнении специфических нагрузок в скалолазании (уровень трасс 6С) наблюдается адаптация занимающихся к предъявляемым психофизическим усилиям. Делается вывод, что постепенное возрастание значения функционального резерва ритма сердца свидетельствует об адаптации мышц рук по типу развития дыхательных способностей, к важнейшим из которых относятся возрастание значения капилляризации тканей, роста числа митохондрий и увеличение миоглобина в мышечных волокнах выполняющих специфическую работу в скалолазании.The article deals with the problem of disproportionality in a higher heart rate value when climbing relative to running loads at a lower level of oxygen consumption. The aim of the study is to determine influence of functional state on the special climbing preparedness. Study involved children aged 8–12 years in recreation stage of preparation, both sexes in the number of 24 people. To assess the voltage of regulatory systems was used a method for assessing heart rate variability. The study used a method for calculating special preparedness, which allows taking into account the number of the most difficult bouldering routes passed by an athlete during training and their number. The final score depends more on the complexity of the route. It was found that there are no pronounced stresses of the regulatory systems of the body on simple trails (below 6A according to the international classification). With the growth of specific physical loads in rock climbing (the level of trails 6A‑6B), athletes face physical efforts requiring the development of coordination and physical capabilities incomparable with the previous level (trails 5A‑5S). Also, this level implies more psychological stress. In further complication of specific loads in rock climbing (6C level of trails) is observed the adaptation to the psychophysical efforts. It is concluded that with the growth of functional reserve the heart rhythm increases the adaptation of hands muscles to greater oxygen absorption. Increases tissue capillarization, number of mitochondria and myoglobin in muscle fibers performing specific work in climbing

Microstructured optical waveguide-based endoscopic probe coated with silica submicron particles

Microstructured optical waveguides (MOW) are of great interest for chemical and biological sensing. Due to the high overlap between a guiding light mode and an analyte filling of one or several fiber capillaries, such systems are able to provide strong sensitivity with respect to variations in the refractive index and the thickness of filling materials. Here, we introduce a novel type of functionalized MOWs whose capillaries are coated by a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach, enabling the alternate deposition of silica particles (SiO2) at different diameters—300 nm, 420 nm, and 900 nm—and layers of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). We demonstrate up to three covering bilayers consisting of 300-nm silica particles. Modifications in the MOW transmission spectrum induced by coating are measured and analyzed. The proposed technique of MOW functionalization allows one to reach novel sensing capabilities, including an increase in the effective sensing area and the provision of a convenient scaffold for the attachment of long molecules such as protein

アルメニアおよびグルジアにおける果樹遺伝資源の探索収集

Caucasia is considered to be a gene center for cultivated fruit trees (Vavilov, 1980) and many kind of fruit tree genetic resources are reported to grow in North Caucasia of Russia (Sanada, 1996). To investigate genetic diversity of fruit trees and collect useful breeding materials, a collaborative exploration mission for fruit tree genetic resources was undertaken in Armenia and Georgia from July 12 to August 17 in 1998. The fruit collecting mission was organized by the N. I. Vavilov All-Russia Institute of Plant Industry (VIR), Research Institute of Viticulture, Wine-making and Horticulture of Armenia and Skra Experiment Station, Gori region. The schedule, route and equipment for this exploration were arranged mainly by VIR. The team traveled on roads around the Aragats mountains from Jul. 15 to Jul. 18. We could collect fruit genetic resources such as Malus, Pyrus and Prunus species in mountainous areas of Hrazdan and Achundov near the road. Then the team traveled in the south-east region of Armenia from Jul. 19 to Jul. 25. The south region of Yerevan was very hot and dry, we could not find any fruit tree genetic resources except for wild Prunus amygdalus on mountain slopes. In Goris, wild species of Malus, Pyrus, and Prunus amygdalus were found on mountain slopes. The VIR researchers traveled to Karabakh region which was surrounded by the regions of Azerbaydzhan. They collected many kinds of wild fruit tree genetic resources such as Malus, Pyrus, Prunus, Mespilus, Corylus and Cornus. These collected materials were provided to the Japanese side. After the collection in Armenia, the team transferred to Tbilisi in Georgia. The team traveled in western regions of Georgia along the road from Jul. 27 to Aug. 2. Wild species of Malus, Pyrus and Prunus avium were observed in mountainous areas and forested plains. We visited Skra Experiment Station, Gori region in this duration, and local cultivars of Prunus aviuum, P. cerasus and wild Prunus species were provided by this Experiment Station. From Aug. 2 the team traveled to the eastern region of Georgia. The team climbed up the slopes of Pankisi valley in Achmeta, where we could find many fruit tree genetic resources of Prunus avium, P. cerasifera, Pyrus sp., Crataegus sp., Mespilus germanica, Corylus sp. and Castanea sp. In the diverse fruit tree species observed, Mespilus germanica and Prumus cerasifera were predominant. During this exploration 86 samples belonging to 7 genera were collected

Is it possible to estimate the Higgs Mass from the CMB Power Spectrum?

General Relativity and Standard Model are considered as a theory of dynamical scale symmetry with definite initial data compatible with the accepted Higgs mechanism. In this theory the Early Universe behaves like a factory of electroweak bosons and Higgs scalars, and it gives a possibility to identify three peaks in the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectrum with the contributions of photonic decays and annihilation processes of primordial Higgs, W, and Z bosons in agreement with the QED coupling constant, Weinberg's angle, and Higgs' particle mass of about 118 GeV.Comment: version to appear in Yadernaya Fizik

Open and Hidden Charm Production in 920 GeV Proton-Nucleus Collisions

The HERA-B collaboration has studied the production of charmonium and open charm states in collisions of 920 GeV protons with wire targets of different materials. The acceptance of the HERA-B spectrometer covers negative values of xF up to xF=-0.3 and a broad range in transverse momentum from 0.0 to 4.8 GeV/c. The studies presented in this paper include J/psi differential distributions and the suppression of J/psi production in nuclear media. Furthermore, production cross sections and cross section ratios for open charm mesons are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 9 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Hyperons, Charm & Beauty Hadrons (BEACH04), Chicago, IL, June 27 - July 3, 200