99 research outputs found
Biometric Performance as a Function of Gallery Size
Many developers of biometric systems start with modest samples before general
deployment. They are interested in how their systems will work with much larger
samples. We evaluated the effect of gallery size on biometric performance.
Identification rates describe the performance of biometric identification,
whereas ROC-based measures describe the performance of biometric authentication
(verification). Therefore, we examined how increases in gallery size affected
identification rates (i.e., Rank-1 Identification Rate, or Rank-1 IR) and
ROC-based measures such as equal error rate (EER). We studied these phenomena
with synthetic data as well as real data from a face recognition study. It is
well known that the Rank-1 IR declines with increasing gallery size. We have
provided further insight into this decline. We have shown that this
relationship is linear in log(Gallery Size). We have also shown that this
decline can be counteracted with the inclusion of additional information
(features) for larger gallery sizes. We have also described the curves which
can be used to predict how much additional information is required to stabilize
the Rank-1 IR as a function of gallery size. These equations are also linear in
log(gallery size). We have also shown that the entire ROC curve is not
systematically affected by gallery size, and so ROC-based scalar performance
metrics such as EER are also stable across gallery size.Comment: 19 pages, 9 Figures, 0 Table
Advanced Characterization of FeNi-Based Films for the Development of Magnetic Field Sensors with Tailored Functional Parameters
Magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance are used to quantitatively study magnetic anisotropy with an easy axis both in the film plane and perpendicular to it. In the study of single-layer and multilayer permalloy films, it is demonstrated that these methods make it possible not only to investigate the average field of perpendicular and in-plane anisotropy, but also to characterize their inhomogeneity. It is shown that the quantitative data from direct integral and local measurements of magnetic anisotropy are consistent with the direct and indirect estimates based on processing of the magnetization curves. The possibility of estimating the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant from the width of stripe domains in a film in the transcritical state is demonstrated. The average in-plane magnetic anisotropy field of permalloy films prepared by magnetron sputtering onto a Corning glass is almost unchanged with the thickness of a single-layer film. The inhomogeneity of the perpendicular anisotropy field for a 500 nm film is greater than that for a 100 nm film, and for a multilayer film with a total permalloy thickness of 500 nm, it is greater than that for a homogeneous film of the same thickness. Β© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Russian Science Foundation,Β RSF: 22-29-00980Funding: This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-29-00980, https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-29-00980/ (accessed on 20 March 2022)
Spherical magnetic nanoparticles fabricated by laser target evaporation
Magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (MNPs) were prepared by the laser target evaporation technique (LTE). The main focus was on the fabrication of de-aggregated spherical maghemite MNPs with a narrow size distribution and enhanced effective magnetization. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, magnetization and microwave absorption measurements were comparatively analyzed. The shape of the MNPs (mean diameter of 9 nm) was very close to being spherical. The lattice constant of the crystalline phase was substantially smaller than that of stoichiometric magnetite but larger than the lattice constant of maghemite. High value of Ms up to 300 K was established. The 300 K ferromagnetic resonance signal is a single line located at a field expected from spherical magnetic particles with negligible magnetic anisotropy. The maximum obtained concentration of water based ferrofluid was as high as 10g/l of magnetic material. In order to understand the temperature and field dependence of MNPs magnetization, we invoke the core-shell model. The nanoparticles is said to have a ferrimagnetic core (roughly 70 percent of the caliper size) while the shell consists of surface layers in which the spins are frozen having no long range magnetic order. The core-shell interactions were estimated in frame of random anisotropy model. The obtained assembly of de-aggregated nanoparticles is an example of magnetic nanofluid stable under ambient conditions even without an electrostatic stabilizer
Electrodeposited Co93.2P6.8 nanowire arrays with core-shell microstructure and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
We demonstrate the formation of an unusual core-shell microstructure in Co93.2P6.8 nanowires electrodeposited by alternating current (ac) in an alumina template. By means of transmission electron microscopy, it is shown that the coaxial-like nanowires contain amorphous and crystalline phases. Analysis of the magnetization data for Co-P alloy nanowires indicates that a ferromagnetic core is surrounded by a weakly ferromagnetic or non-magnetic phase, depending on the phosphor content. The nanowire arrays exhibit an easy axis of magnetization parallel to the wire axis. For this peculiar composition and structure, the coercivity values are 2380βΒ±β50 and 1260βΒ±β35βOe, parallel and perpendicular to the plane directions of magnetization, respectively. This effect is attributed to the core-shell structure making the properties and applications of these nanowires similar to pure cobalt nanowires with an improved perpendicular anisotropy. <br/
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠ€ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ
A choice of the sizes and form of a disk is made for the set operation conditions on the basis of geometrical ratios between parameters of a disk and their admissible values developed by practice. Except the crumbling and turning ability of a disk the add factors influencing on its geometrical and power parameters are non-crumple condition of a vertical wall of a furrow and steady raising of layer on a curvilinear surface of operation sector. Basic data for construction horizontal, cross-vertical, longitudinal-vertical projections is diameter of a disk, an angle of attack, running depth. Depth of the course images a chord of disk dip on cross-vertical and longitudinal-vertical projections of a disk. The disk sphere which excludes crumple of a vertical wall of a furrow at its movement is designated on the horizontal projection. Criterion of disk efficiency a is possible soil sliding along a curve of longitudinal-vertical projection within limits of the lowermost point and a point excluding crumple of the furrow vertical wall and located on a chord of deep. The parameter of a curve of possible sliding can be defined taking into account that the sum of multiplications of tangent efforts to a projection of a trajectory of the movement of an elementary platform less than zero. Taking into account the received value we can construction the sliding curve on the longitudinal-vertical projection in a zone of operating surface. Points of intersection of the sliding curve with the generating lines of longitudinal-vertical projection are moved by horizontal transfer on a piece of an interval of the horizontal projection. On three points we create a profile of a disk on height of a placement of the generating lines. The disk profile with the spherical or flat bottom should be create at the level of generating lines of cross-vertical projection taking into account the intervals placed on a perpendicular to the center of diameter of a disk of a horizontal projection.Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ» Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ, Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠ»Ρ. Π‘ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΊ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠ³ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ: Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ°
One of the directions of decrease in power consumption of soil cultivation is change of a form and parameters of elements of a plow body like a plough share and a moldboard. Known mathematical expressions for determination of traction resistance of plows do not allow to consider various degree of loading of different parts of moldboard. The offered technique of definition of a horizontal component of traction resistance of a moldboard considers this difference in loading of a plow body surface. The component of surface resistance was determined due to summation of resistances of elementary horizontal components of a moldboard, with use of crumbling curves of a longitudinally vertical projection of the plow body. These curves are formed owing to horizontal transfer of points of intersection of secants of tcutting planes parallel to a furrow wall. If the deformator is completely digged in the soil, but there is no its turn and movement, then an expression for determination of work intensity of the active working element at penetration to the soil allows to calculate traction effort of an elementary horizontal component of moldboard resistance. The received expression can be used at approximation of curves of a longitudinally vertical projection of the plow body where the breast and median part of a moldboard are most loaded. Degree of loading of an elementary horizontal component of a moldboard is formed by the normal tension value which is comparable to deformation coefficient. The resistance component for soil layer ejecting considers the plowing depth, furrow width, speed of the plowing unit, density of the deformable soil, average value of a tilt angle of generators of a moldboard surface to a furrow wall. If moisture content in loamy soil is about 21 percent, plowing depth equals 0.20 m then the traction resistance of a 0.35 m wide moldboard will amount 1035 N.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° - Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ°. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ°, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Π° Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 21 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ 0,20 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ° 0,35 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡ 1035 Π
Real-time estimation of horizontal gaze angle by saccade integration using in-ear electrooculography
The manuscript proposes and evaluates a real-time algorithm for estimating eye gaze angle based solely on single-channel electrooculography (EOG), which can be obtained directly from the ear canal using conductive ear moulds. In contrast to conventional high-pass filtering, we used an algorithm that calculates absolute eye gaze angle via statistical analysis of detected saccades. The estimated eye positions of the new algorithm were still noisy. However, the performance in terms of Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients was significantly better than the conventional approach in some instances. The results suggest that in-ear EOG signals captured with conductive ear moulds could serve as a basis for lightweight and portable horizontal eye gaze angle estimation suitable for a broad range of applications. For instance, for hearing aids to steer the directivity of microphones in the direction of the userβs eye gaze
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