Education and scientific rationality in modern society: the axiological dimension

The article is devoted to the philosophical inquiry of the axiological connection between education and science. The purpose of the work is the integrative philosophical analysis of the interaction between values of education and scientific rationality in the modern social context. It has been concluded that strong connection between education and science is necessary for forming of scientific thinking and innovational economy as factors of social progress in the post-informational epoch.       Key words: Truth, Knowledge, Values, Rational Thinking, Society.    

Demystification of Entangled Mass Action Law

Recently, Gorban (2021) analysed some kinetic paradoxes of the transition state theory and proposed its revision that gave the ``entangled mass action law'', in which new reactions were generated as an addition to the reaction mechanism under consideration. These paradoxes arose due to the assumption of quasiequilibrium between reactants and transition states. In this paper, we provided a brief introduction to this theory, demonstrating how the entangled mass action law equations can be derived in the framework of the standard quasi steady state approximation in combination with the quasiequilibrium generalized mass action law for an auxiliary reaction network including reactants and intermediates. We also proved the basic physical property (positivity) for these new equations, which was not obvious in the original approach.Comment: Minor correction

Spatial patterns of gray and white matter compromise relate to age of seizure onset in temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is frequently a neurodevelopmental disorder, involving subcortical volume loss, cortical atrophy, and white matter (WM) disruption. However, few studies have addressed how these pathological changes in TLE relate to one another. In this study, we investigate spatial patterns of gray and white matter degeneration in TLE and evaluate the hypothesis that the relationship among these patterns varies as a function of the age at which seizures begin. Methods: Eighty-two patients with TLE and 59 healthy controls were enrolled. T1-weighted images were used to obtain hippocampal volumes and cortical thickness estimates. Diffusion-weighted imaging was used to obtain fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the superficial WM (SWM) and deep WM tracts. Analysis of covariance was used to examine patterns of WM and gray matter alterations in TLE relative to controls, controlling for age and sex. Sliding window correlations were then performed to examine the relationships between SWM degeneration, cortical thinning, and hippocampal atrophy across ages of seizure onset. Results: Cortical thinning in TLE followed a widespread, bilateral pattern that was pronounced in posterior centroparietal regions, whereas SWM and deep WM loss occurred mostly in ipsilateral, temporolimbic regions compared to controls. Window correlations revealed a relationship between hippocampal volume loss and whole brain SWM disruption in patients who developed epilepsy during childhood. On the other hand, in patients with adult-onset TLE, co-occurring cortical and SWM alterations were observed in the medial temporal lobe ipsilateral to the seizure focus. Significance: Our results suggest that although cortical, hippocampal and WM alterations appear spatially discordant at the group level, the relationship among these features depends on the age at which seizures begin. Whereas neurodevelopmental aspects of TLE may result in co-occurring WM and hippocampal degeneration near the epileptogenic zone, the onset of seizures in adulthood may set off a cascade of SWM microstructural loss and cortical atrophy of a neurodegenerative nature

ПРОЕКТ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ НА ОСНОВІ ВЛАСНИХ ГЕОТЕРМАЛЬНИХ РЕСУРСІВ

The article presents the main components of energy and public safety through the development of geothermal resources in Ukraine. The development of geothermal resources is performed by geothermal power plants construction (GPPC) type, tube in tube "that do not require fuel resources, does not produce harmful emissions into the environment and are able to provide all spheres of society own thermal and electrical energy in sufficient amount. The data from the GPPC theory and technology of construction, industrial feasibility, socio-economic and ecological effectiveness are presented.В статті наведені основні складові енергетичної і екологічної безпеки суспільства на основі освоєння геотермальних ресурсів України. Освоєння геотермальних ресурсів виконується шляхом спорудження геотермальних енергоустановок (ГТЕУ) типу ,,труба в трубі”, що не потребують паливних ресурсів, не виробляють шкідливих викидів у довкілля і здатні забезпечити всі сфери діяльності суспільства власною тепловою і електричною енергією в достатній кількості. Наведені відомості з теорії ГТЕУ, техніки і технології їх спорудження, промислової доцільності, соціально-економічної та екологічної ефективності

Izloženost genotoksičnim agensima iz životnog okoliša tijekom prenatalnog razvoja i djetinjstva

Health disorders and diseases related to environmental exposure in children such as cancer and immunologic disturbances (asthma, allergies) are on the rise. However, complex transplacental and prepubertal genotoxicology is given very limited consideration, even though intrauterine development and early childhood may be critical for elucidating the cancer aetiology. The foetus is transplacentally exposed to contaminants in food and environment such as various chemicals, drugs, radiochemically contaminated water and air. Target organs of xenobiotic action may differ between the mother and the foetus due to specific stage of developmental physiology and enzyme distribution. This in turn may lead to different levels of clastogenic and aneugenic metabolites of the same xenobiotic in the mother and the foetus. Adult’s protective behaviour is not sufficient to isolate children from radioisotopes, pesticides, toxic metals and metalloids, environmental tobacco smoke, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and various food contaminants, which are just a part of the stressors present in a polluted environment. In order to improve legislation related to foetus and child exposure to genotoxic and possibly carcinogenic agents, oncologists, paediatricians, environmental health specialists, and genotoxicologists should work together much more closely to make a more effective use of accumulated scientific data, with the final aim to lower cancer incidence and mortality.Unatoč velikim naporima da se smanji okolišna izloženost u djece se dalje bilježi trend porasta pojavnosti karcinoma i imunosnih poremećaja (astma, alergije). Premda su intrauterini razvoj i rano djetinjstvo kritično razdoblje za tumačenje etiologije nastanka karcinoma, transplacentalna i prepubertetna genotoksikologija do danas su slabo istražene. Fetus je transplacentalno izložen brojnim fizikalnim i kemijskim čimbenicima: kontaminantima iz hrane i okoliša, radiokemijski kontaminiranoj vodi, zraku te lijekovima. Ciljna tkiva za djelovanje ksenobiotika mogu biti različita u majke i fetusa zbog različitosti u razvojnoj fiziologiji i distribuciji enzima. Zbog toga u organizmu majke i fetusa mogu nastati različite razine klastogenih i aneugenih metabolita istog ksenobiotika. Zaštitna uloga odraslih u namjeri da spriječe negativne utjecaje onečišćenog okoliša na djetetovo zdravlje često je ograničena jer su radioizotopi, olovo, PCB, pasivno pušenje, živa, endokrino aktivne tvari, pesticidi i kontaminanti prisutni u svim životnim područjima tijekom razvoja i rasta djeteta. Kako bi se poboljšalo zakonodavstvo vezano uz izloženost djece genotoksičnim i vjerojatno kancerogenim tvarima, tijekom razvoja potrebna je bolja suradnja onkologa, pedijatara, stručnjaka zdravstvene ekologije i genotoksikologa. Na taj način ostvarilo bi se uspješnije iskorištavanje postojećih znanstvenih podataka u cilju smanjenja incidencije karcinoma i mortaliteta

Distinct structural correlates of the dominant and nondominant languages in bilinguals with Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Structural adaptations in brain regions involved in domain-general cognitive control are associated with life-long bilingualism and may contribute to the executive function advantage of bilinguals over monolinguals. To the degree that these adaptations support bilingualism, their disruption by Alzheimer's disease (AD) may compromise the ability to maintain proficiency in two languages, particularly in the less proficient, or nondominant, language that has greater control demands. The present study assessed this possibility in Spanish-English bilinguals with AD (n = 21) and cognitively normal controls (n = 30) by examining the brain correlates of dominant versus nondominant language performance on the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT), adjusting for age and education. There were no significant structural correlates of naming performance for either language in controls. In patients with AD, dominant language MINT performance was associated with cortical thickness of the entorhinal cortex and middle temporal gyrus, consistent with previous findings of temporal atrophy and related decline of naming abilities in AD. Nondominant language MINT performance, in contrast, was correlated with thickness of the left caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a central cognitive control region involved in error monitoring and task switching. The relationship between naming in the nondominant language and ACC in patients with AD but not in controls may reflect increased reliance on the ACC for nondominant language use in the face of atrophy of other control network components. The results are consistent with the possibility that the increased burden nondominant language use places on cognitive control systems compromised in AD may account for faster nondominant than dominant language decline in AD

Ukraine Energy Security Project On The Basis Of Own Geothermal Resources

The article presents the main components of energy and public safety through the development of geothermal resources in Ukraine. The development of geothermal resources is performed by geothermal power plants construction (GPPC) type, tube in tube "that do not require fuel resources, does not produce harmful emissions into the environment and are able to provide all spheres of society own thermal and electrical energy in sufficient amount. The data from the GPPC theory and technology of construction, industrial feasibility, socio-economic and ecological effectiveness are presented