Analysis of GPS radio occultation data from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and Metop/GRAS missions at CDAAC

This study investigates the noise level and mission-to-mission stability of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) neutral atmospheric bending angle data at the UCAR COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). Data are used from two independently developed RO instruments currently flying in orbit on the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3C) and Metop/GRAS (GNSS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding) missions. The F3C 50 Hz RO data are post-processed with a single-difference excess atmospheric phase algorithm, and the Metop/GRAS 50 Hz closed loop and raw sampling (down-sampled from 1000 Hz to 50 Hz) data are processed with a zero-difference algorithm. The standard deviations of the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles from climatology between 60 and 80 km altitude from June–December 2009 are approximately 1.78 and 1.13 μrad, respectively. The F3C standard deviation reduces significantly to 1.44 μrad when single-difference processing uses GPS satellites on the same side of the spacecraft. The higher noise level for F3C bending angles can be explained by additional noise from the reference link phase data that are required with single-difference processing. The F3C and Metop/GRAS mean bending angles differences relative to climatology during the same six month period are statistically significant and have values of −0.05 and −0.02 μrad, respectively. A comparison of ~13 500 collocated F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angle profiles over this six month period shows a similar mean difference of ~0.02 ± 0.02 μrad between 30 and 60 km impact heights that is marginally significant. The observed mean difference between the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles of ~0.02–0.03 μrad is quite small and illustrates the high degree of re-produceability and mission independence of the GPS RO data at high altitudes. Collocated bending angles between two F3C satellites from early in the mission differ on average by up to 0.5% near the surface due to systematically lower signal-to-noise ratio for one of the satellites. Results from F3C and Metop/GRAS differences in the lower troposphere suggest the Metop/GRAS bending angles are negatively biased compared to F3C with a maximum of several percents near the surface in tropical regions. This bias is related to different tracking depths (deeper in F3C) and data gaps in Metop/GRAS which make it impossible to process the data from both missions in exactly the same way

DETERMINATION OF TYRES FLEXIBILITY TO MOVE ALONG DEFORMED SOILS

Simple and objective index is proposed to estimate preliminarily correspondance of various tyres parameters and their ability to move along deformed soils as well as to choose tyres under working load

Психологічна залежність публічних службовців як фактор корупційної поведінки

The purpose of the article is to identify psychological aspects of preventing corruption in the professional activities of public servants by analyzing the main motives of systemic corruption behavior and socio-cultural aspects of their formation. It is revealed that research on the motives of corruption behavior is associated with several important factors: 1) the stereotypes of understanding of the corruption existing in the Ukrainian society; 2) social factors of corruption behavior - historical, economic, political, cultural, collective-psychological and individual psychological; 3) socio-cultural aspects of the formation of anticorruption consciousness.There are several motives of corruption behavior: game, social, monetary etc. This is due to the existence of the most common frames of mass consciousness, which are recorded in the Ukrainian society regarding the perception of corruption. The determining factors of the occurrence of corruption behavior in the professional activities of public servants are the psychological dependencies of the person, which leads to the use of the concept of psychological research.Corruptive behavior is defined as deviant one and causes the perception of the responsibilities of the public service as an opportunity to obtain satisfaction from the prospect of receiving unlawful benefits and privileges for violating official moral and ethical requirements (the formation of dependence). The types of psychological dependencies of public servants (on power, money, etc.) are distinguished. It is shown that a painful manifestation of such a person’s psychological dependency is kleptomania. In order to prevent corruption in the professional activities of public servants, it is proposed to apply scientifically substantiated psychological and diagnostic support, in particular special methods for determining the propensity for kleptomania and corruption behavior.Целью статьи является рассмотрение психологических аспектов предотвращения коррупции в профессиональной деятельности публичных служащих путем анализа основных мотивов системного коррупционного поведения и социокультурных аспектов их формирования. Выяснено, что исследование проблем мотивов коррупционного поведения связано с несколькими важными факторами: 1) существующие в украинском обществе стереотипы понимания коррупции; 2) социальные факторы коррупционного поведения – исторические, экономические, политические, культурные, коллективно-психологические и индивидуально-психологические; 3) социокультурные аспекты формирования антикоррупционного сознания. Выделены несколько мотивов коррупционного поведения: игровой, социальный, монетарный и тому подобное. Это обусловлено существованием нескольких распространенных фреймов массового сознания, которые фиксируются в украинском обществе относительно восприятия коррупции. Определяющими факторами возникновения коррупционного поведения в профессиональной деятельности публичных служащих являются психологические зависимости лица, что обусловливает применение концепции психологического исследования. Коррупционное поведение определяется как девиантное и обусловливает восприятие обязанностей публичной службы как возможность получения удовольствия от перспективы возможного получения неправомерной выгоды и льгот за нарушение официальных морально-этических требований (формирование зависимости). Выделены виды психологических зависимостей публичных служащих (от власти, денег и т.д.). Показано, что болезненным проявлением такой психологической зависимости человека является клептомания. Для предотвращения коррупции в профессиональной деятельности публичных служащих предложено применять научно обоснованное психолого-диагностическое сопровождение, в том числе специальные методики определения склонности к клептомании и коррупционному поведению.Метою статті є розгляд психологічних аспектів запобігання корупції у професійній діяльності публічних службовців шляхом аналізу основних мотивів системної корупційної поведінки та соціокультурних аспектів їх формування. З’ясовано, що дослідження проблем мотивів корупційної поведінки пов’язано з декількома важливими факторами: 1) існуючі в українському суспільстві стереотипи розуміння корупції; 2) соціальні чинники корупційної поведінки – історичні, економічні, політичні, культурні, колективно-психологічні та індивідуально-психологічні; 3) соціокультурні аспекти формування антикорупційної свідомості. Виокремлено кілька мотивів корупційної поведінки: ігровий, соціальний, монетарний тощо. Це обумовлено існуванням кількох найпоширеніших фреймів масової свідомості, які фіксуються в українському суспільстві щодо сприйняття корупції. Визначальними факторами виникнення корупційної поведінки у професійній діяльності публічних службовців є психологічні залежності особи, що обумовлює застосовування концепції психологічного дослідження. Корупційна поведінка визначається як девіантна та обумовлює сприйняття обов’язків публічної служби як можливість отримання задоволення від перспективи ймовірного отримання неправомірної вигоди та пільг за порушення офіційних морально-етичних вимог (формування залежності). Виділено види психологічних залежностей публічних службовців (від влади, грошей тощо). Показано, що хворобливим проявом такої психологічної залежності особи є клептоманія. Задля запобігання корупції у професійній діяльності публічних службовців запропоновано застосовувати науково обґрунтований психолого-діагностичний супровід, зокрема спеціальні методики визначення схильності до клептоманії та корупційної поведінки

Effect of the acidic and alkaline activation of bentonite-like clays on sorption properties in relation to Fe³⁺ ions under static conditions

A study is performed of the effect the means of activation of bentonite-like clays (acidic, alkaline, combined) have on the adsorption characteristics of Fe³⁺ ions under static conditions. The mechanism of the acidic and alkaline activation of montmorillonite is identified and found to depend on the concentration of the activating agen

Magnetocaloric and Magnetic Properties of Ni\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eMn\u3csub\u3e1-x\u3c/sub\u3eCu\u3csub\u3ex\u3c/sub\u3eGa Heusler Alloys: an Insight from the Direct Measurements and \u3ci\u3eab initio\u3c/i\u3e and Monte Carlo Calculations

We calculated magnetic exchange constants and magnetocaloric properties of Ni2Mn1-xCuxGa Heusler alloys by ab initio and Monte Carlo methods. The ab initio study of the influence of the Cu excess x on the strength of magnetic interactions revealed that Cu weakens Mn-Ni interaction and has a complex impact on the Mn-Mn interactions. Theoretically calculated magnetic phase diagram of Ni2Mn1-xCuxGa is in a good agreement with available experimental data. Calculated by the Monte Carlo method the isothermal magnetic entropy change Delta Smag in a Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25Ga alloy is significantly smaller around the coupled magnetostructural phase transition temperature than the reported earlier experimental Delta Smag. This discrepancy is ascribed to an overestimation of the experimental Delta Smag at the magnetostructural phase transition. Theoretically determined adiabatic temperature change Delta Tad in Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25Ga agrees well with Delta Tad measured experimentally by a direct method

On the adsorption mechanism of copper ions on bentonite clay

The adsorption of copper ions on bentonite clay was studied as a function of the pH of the medium, contact time, and temperature. A comparative study of the applicability of the Langmuir and Freindlich adsorption models for the description of the experimental adsorption isotherms of Cu²⁺ was carried ou

Vortex merger near a topographic slope in a homogeneous rotating fluid

This work is a contribution to the PHYSINDIEN research program. It was supported by CNRS-RFBR contract PRC 1069/16-55-150001.The effect of a bottom slope on the merger of two identical Rankine vortices is investigated in a two dimensional, quasi-geostrophic, incompressible fluid. When two cyclones initially lie parallel to the slope, and more than two vortex diameters away from the slope, the critical merger distance is unchanged. When the cyclones are closer to the slope, they can merge at larger distances, but they lose more mass into filaments, thus weakening the efficiency of merger. Several effects account for this: the topographic Rossby wave advects the cyclones, reduces their mutual distance and deforms them. This along shelf wave breaks into filaments and into secondary vortices which shear out the initial cyclones. The global motion of fluid towards the shallow domain and the erosion of the two cyclones are confirmed by the evolution of particles seeded both in the cyclone sand near the topographic slope. The addition of tracer to the flow indicates that diffusion is ballistic at early times. For two anticyclones, merger is also facilitated because one vortex is ejected offshore towards the other, via coupling with a topographic cyclone. Again two anticyclones can merge at large distance but they are eroded in the process. Finally, for taller topographies, the critical merger distance is again increased and the topographic influence can scatter or completely erode one of the two initial cyclones. Conclusions are drawn on possible improvements of the model configuration for an application to the ocean.PostprintPeer reviewe

Сравнительный анализ аналитических моделей зависимости технологичности составляющих звеньев размерных цепей от их точности

Traditional methods concerning calculation of dimensional chains do not solve the optimization problem which is connected with minimization of manufacturing expenses. The paper substantiates the possibility to use methods which make it possible to solve the problem of optimization of dimensional chains in accordance with a criterion ensuring the required precision of the end chain unit with maximum manufacturability of the components which specify the units.Традиционные методы расчета размерных цепей не решают оптимизационную задачу, связанную с минимизацией затрат на их изготовление. Обосновывается возможность использования методики, позволяющей решать задачу оптимизации размерных цепей по критерию обеспечения требуемой точности замыкающего звена при максимальной технологичности элементов, определяющих звенья

First-principles calculation of the instability leading to giant inverse magnetocaloric effects

The structural and magnetic properties of functional Ni-Mn-Z (Z=Ga, In, Sn) Heusler alloys are studied by first-principles and Monte Carlo methods. The ab initio calculations give a basic understanding of the underlying physics which is associated with the strong competition of ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions with increasing chemical disorder. The resulting d-electron orbital dependent magnetic ordering is the driving mechanism of magnetostructural instability which is accompanied by a drop of magnetization governing the size of the magnetocaloric effect. The thermodynamic properties are calculated by using the ab initio magnetic exchange coupling constants in finite-temperature Monte Carlo simulations, which are used to accurately reproduce the experimental entropy and adiabatic temperature changes across the magnetostructural transition