Edge Detection: A Collection of Pixel based Approach for Colored Images

The existing traditional edge detection algorithms process a single pixel on an image at a time, thereby calculating a value which shows the edge magnitude of the pixel and the edge orientation. Most of these existing algorithms convert the coloured images into gray scale before detection of edges. However, this process leads to inaccurate precision of recognized edges, thus producing false and broken edges in the image. This paper presents a profile modelling scheme for collection of pixels based on the step and ramp edges, with a view to reducing the false and broken edges present in the image. The collection of pixel scheme generated is used with the Vector Order Statistics to reduce the imprecision of recognized edges when converting from coloured to gray scale images. The Pratt Figure of Merit (PFOM) is used as a quantitative comparison between the existing traditional edge detection algorithm and the developed algorithm as a means of validation. The PFOM value obtained for the developed algorithm is 0.8480, which showed an improvement over the existing traditional edge detection algorithms.Comment: 5 Page

Pembagian Harta Warisan Oleh Ahli Waris Pengganti Menurut Hukum Waris Islam (Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Agama Kota Malang Nomor: 958/pdt.g/2003/pa.mlg)

This study aims to determine and analyze the Religious Court Judge\u27s decision Malang in setting the substitute heirs and the right part of the inheritance based on the decision No. 958/Pdt.G/2003/PA.Mlg. Substitute heirs as referred to in Article 185 KHI, will have implications for the amount, presence and heritage quota which was originally received by other heirs. Article 174 paragraph (1) says that there are 11 people heirs, includes: father, son, brother, uncle, grandfather and widowers, mothers, daughters, sisters, grandmothers and widows. However, in relation to Article 185 KHI on the existence of substitute heirs more numerous, reaching 41 people (22 men and 19 women). But in the context of inheritance law in Indonesia, particularly the Islamic law of inheritance are not many people understood and seldom practiced correctly. This study, using descriptive analytic approach with normative juridical approach, the data collection methods of documentation based on the decision number: 958/Pdt.G/2003/PA.Mlg., And analysis of data reduction, data presentation, and draw conclusions / verification. Observing disagreements and polemics in understanding the substitute heirs and the division of inheritance based on Islamic Inheritance Law, the researchers are interested in doing research on the Division of Inheritance by Heirs Substitute According to Islamic Inheritance Law. Observing disagreements and polemics in understanding the substitute heirs and the division of inheritance based on Islamic Inheritance Law, the researchers are interested in doing research on the Division of Inheritance by Heirs Substitute According to Islamic Inheritance Law

A constraint specification approach to building flexible workflows

Process support systems, such as workflows, are being used in a variety of domains. However, most areas of application have focused on traditional production-style processes, which are characterised by predictability and repetitiveness. Application in non-traditional domains with highly flexible process is still largely unexplored. Such flexible processes are characterised by lack of ability to completely predefine and/or an explosive number of alternatives. Accordingly we define flexibility as the ability of the process to execute on the basis of a partially defined model where the full specification is made at runtime and may be unique to each instance. In this paper, we will present an approach to building workflow models for such processes. We will present our approach in the context of a non-traditional domain for workflow, deployment, which is, degree programs in tertiary institutes. The primary motivation behind our approach is to provide the ability to model flexible processes without introducing non-standard modelling constructs. This ensures that the correctness and verification of the language is preserved. We propose to build workflow schemas from a standard set of modelling constructs and given process constraints. We identify the fundamental requirements for constraint specification and classify them into selection, termination and build constraints. We will detail the specification of these constraints in a relational model. Finally, we will demonstrate the dynamic building of instance specific workflow models on the basis of these constraints

Managing Process Variants as an Information Resource

Many business solutions provide best practice process templates, both generic as well as for specific industry sectors. However, it is often the variance from template solutions that provide organizations with intellectual capital and competitive differentiation. In this paper, we present a modeling framework that is conducive to constrained variance, by supporting user driven process adaptations. The focus of the paper is on providing a means of utilizing the adaptations effectively for process improvement through effective management of the process variants repository (PVR). In particular, we will provide deliberations towards a facility to provide query functionality for PVR that is specifically targeted for effective search and retrieval of process variants

Unengaged head at term in primigravida: does it affect the chance of having a normal delivery?

Background: In Obstetrics it is traditional concept that fetal head engagement occurs by 38 weeks in primigravida. Unengaged head in primigravida has been considered a possible sign of cephalo pelvic disproportion. It is associated with higher risk of cervical dystocia, which has led to increased rate of caesarean section with its financial implication and future restriction of family size. Labour is prolonged, the duration of both latent and active phase increases, due to improper fitting high fetal head.Methods: The prospective descriptive study was conducted at the Yenepoya Medical College hospital OBG Department.  Study population included were 75 primi gravidas with unengaged head at term. Details of labour were noted down.  Augmentation was done with oxytocin and dose of oxytocin was titrated . CTG was used to monitor fetal heart.  Emergency LSCS was performed in patients with fetal distress or non-progress of labour.  In case of vagina delivery, duration of 1st and 2nd stage, APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes, and birth weights were recorded.Results: Of the 75 primigravida 66.66% were in the age group of 21-25yrs.  Majority of the women were of 39-40 weeks (42.66%) of gestation. Common causes of unengaged head was deflexed head in 15 (20%) CPD in 11 (14.66%), loops of cord around neck in 8 (10.66%), polyhydramnios in 2(2.66%), placenta previa type-I and II  : anterior in 5 (6.66%) 8 patients were with occipito posterior position.  No cause could be identified in 27 cases (36%). Vaginal delivery occurred in 68% and LSCS in 32%.Conclusions: Unengaged head in primi gravida with spontaneous onset of labour is not an indication for LSCS. The attitude of watchful expectancy and timely intervention especially in those cases in which no significant etiological factor is found, the chances of vaginal birth increase there by reducing maternal land foetal morbidity

Pooling serum samples may lead to loss of potential biomarkers in SELDI-ToF MS proteomic profiling

BACKGROUND: High throughput proteomic technology offers promise for the detection of disease biomarkers and proteomic signature patterns but biomarker discovery studies can be limited by cost factors when large sample size numbers are required. Pooling sera or plasma samples from disease cases potentially offers a solution to cost implications by reducing the standard errors of mass to charge values. Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight (SELDI-ToF) mass spectra obtained from individual and pooled sera from invasive aspergillosis cases and controls were compared. RESULTS: Pooling resulted in 50% loss of peak clusters detected in individual samples. Overall, loss was greatest for low intensity clusters. Peak intensities and case:control intensity ratios, among clusters not lost, demonstrated good reproducibility. CONCLUSION: Pooling sera results in significant potential biomarker loss when using SELDI-ToF MS

Local capacity and resilience to flooding: community responsiveness to the community ratings system program incentives

To incentivize more community flood risks mitigation, the US Congress implemented the community rating system (CRS) in 1990. The CRS seeks to help communities build capacity to address flood risks and become more resilient to future flood disasters. Communities participating in CRS can reduce their flood risks and enjoy discounted premiums (up to 45 %) on federally required flood insurance commensurate with their community’s CRS score. A participant community is placed into one of the ten classes depending on its CRS score. Although previous research finds that the program’s structure creates opportunities for communities participating in CRS to respond to its incentives, no study has examined the characteristics of communities that changed their mitigation behavior due to this incentive scheme. In order to evaluate the performance of CRS and its tiered incentive structure, this study investigates the extent to which communities are responding strategically to CRS incentives and the characteristics of those communities behaving strategically. This study uses a regression discontinuity approach to compare the characteristics of communities above and below CRS class thresholds. The results show strategic behavior of communities participating in CRS. Communities with more information-based flood management activities, lower property values, lower flood risk, and lower population densities are more likely to respond strategically with respect to smaller CRS subsidies. For larger subsidies, the results indicate that CRS communities with higher property values are more likely to respond strategically to the policy incentives. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of these results for the CRS program