An asymptomatic 11 year child with ruptured sinus of Valsalva

Ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) is a rare lesion in a paediatric age group. A right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm usually ruptures into the right ventricle, while aneurysms of non-coronary sinus do so into the right atrium. RSOV usually presents in the third decade of life with congestive heart failure and is more common among Asians with male predominance. It may present as acute cardiogenic shock and sudden death or may remain completely asymptomatic with incidental detection by a murmur. Surgery is indicated as early as possible, once the diagnosis is made as without surgery, most cases will eventually succumb to uncontrollable congestive heart failure. This article reports an 11 year old child with the diagnosis of ruptured sinus of Valsalva.peer-reviewe

Reform for Midwest urban schools--conference summary

Education - Middle West - Chicago (Ill.)

The Bangladesh gender gap in education : biased intra-household educational expenditures

By investigating the educational expenditure of children over the ten years (2000 to 2010), we evaluate whether there exists any gender specific discrepancy at the household level and the trend of such discrepancy over the years. Using three rounds of nationally representative Household Income & Expenditure Surveys this study reveals that households spend less on education for their school-going girls compared to boys. By disaggregating the total expenditure into fixed and variable components, we find persistent gender imbalance in educational expenditure where households provide better quality of education for boys. Moreover, we find that gender based discrepancy has a very persistent trend and does not show any significant sign of narrowing the gap over the years. Cohort wise difference-in-difference estimation also reveals that the gap has initially widened and later converged but has not diminished beyond the initial level of discrepancy, which may warrant targeted policy intervention

The effects of antioxidant, butyl hydroxy anisole and polyphosphate on shelf-life of frozen (-180°C) crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) of the Caspian Sea

Possible effects of antioxidant Butyl Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) and sodium polyphosphate on the shelf-life of frozen Astacus leptodactylus of the Caspian Sea was studied. Samples of the crayfish were dipped in 0.02 and 0.2% BHA and 0.04 and 0.4% sodium polyphosphate for 30 and 60 minutes. The control samples were packed without immersion in the mixture of BHA and sodium polyphosphate. The Peroxide Value (PV), Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN), total bacteria count and organoleptic tests were carried out on the samples using a time schedule. The results showed that the minimum increase in PV for the samples which were soaked in a mixture of 0.2% BHA and 0.4% sodium polyphosphate for 1 hour were from 0.59 to 0.88 meq/1000g, as compared to the control samples with an increase in the range 0.59 to 3.53meq/1000 g after four months. The PV Value after four month started to be decrease and reached 1.4 meq/1000 grams after sixth months. The results showed that the minimum increase of TVN for the samples which were soaked in a mixture of 0.2% BHA and 0.4% sodium polyphosphate for I hour were from 12.88 to 17.8 mg/100 grams and for the control samples, the increase was from 12.88 to 19.8 mg/100 grams after sixth month. The results also demonstrated that the minimum increase in Total Bacteria Count of for the samples soaked in a mixture of 0.2% BHA and 0.4% sodium polyphosphate for 1 hour were from 9 x 103 to 2 x 101 per gram and for the control samples, the count was from 9 x 103 to 7 x 102 per gram after sixth months. Kruskal—Wallis, chi-square and Duncan tests were conducted on five samples for each specific shelf-life time. Using the results, we conclude that immersing the samples into a mixture of 0.2% BHA and 0.4% sodium polyphosphate for one hour gives the best results in terms of shelf-life and organoleptic tests

Possible detection of cervical spondylotic neuropathy using Distribution of F-latency (DFL), a new neurophysiological parameter

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have previously reported a new nerve conduction measurement parameter which we named the Distribution of F-latency (DFL) and showed that this was an approximate mirror of the Distribution of Conduction Velocity (DCV) of motor nerve fibers. This work was performed using measurements on the 20 median nerves from 10 volunteers. The DFL showed a number of different patterns including single peaks, broad peaks and double peaks, the latter observed on subjects with Cervical Spondylosis (CS). It was thought that a retrospective analysis of these data could be worthwhile in determining whether Cervical Spondylotic neuropathy could be detected using the DFL.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The DFL from the 8 median nerves of 4 normal subjects had single peaks, which has been assumed to represent a normal pattern. The DFL from one side of 5 subjects diagnosed with or suspected to have CS had double peaks. Broad peaks were observed in 7 nerves of which 5 were from subjects who had double peaks in the DFL on the contra lateral side.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on these findings, double peaks in the DFL appear to be associated with CS neuropathy. These findings further suggest that broad peaks in the DFL could indicate the early stages of the disease. Differential compression of nerve branches at the spinal roots are being explored as possible causes. This study does not preclude other pathologies contributing to double or broad peaks, but does suggest that the DFL could form a screening tool for CS neuropathy.</p

Integrasi Budaya Dan Alam Dalam Preservasi Candi Gambarwetan

Banyak bangunan bersejarah atau cagar budaya yang mengalami kerusakan di Indonesia. Kerusakan ini dapat ditimbulkan oleh dua faktor. Faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal antara lain usia dan proses pelapukan. Sedangkan faktor eksternal antara lain faktor alam, lingkungan, dan manusia. Salah satu cagar budaya yang mengalami kerusakan adalah Candi Gambarwetan yang terletak di Desa Sumberasri, Kab. Blitar tepatnya di kaki Gunug Kelud. Candi ini masih dalam proses observasi oleh pihak BPCB (Badan Pelestarian Cagar Budaya) Mojokerto. Pelestarian cagar budaya yang baik adalah pelestarian dengan mempertimbangkan aktifitas masyarakat lokal dan wisatawan serta kondisi lingkungan. Metode narasi adalah metode penyampaian informasi dengan melibatkan elemen bangunan dan pengguna. Metode narasi diterapkan pada jalur sirkulasi, dimana terdapat dua pengguna yang memiliki jalur sirkulasi berbeda namun selaras dan tidak saling terganggu. Dalam proses pelestarian candi Gambarwetan tidak hanya menjaga candi dari kerusakan, tetapi juga membuat interaksi antar pengguna berjalan harmonis. Preservasi Candi Gambarwetan dikemas dalam bentuk museum terbuka, dimana wisatawan mendapatkan informasi mengenai kegiatan masyarakat lokal dan menikmati alam dari kawasan candi Gambarweta

Evaluation of the anxiolytic effect of Nepeta persica Boiss. in mice

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of Nepeta persica Boiss. (Lamiaceae) on the elevated plus-maze (EPM) model of anxiety. The extract of arial parts of the plant was administered intraperitoneally to male NMRI mice, at various doses, 30 min before behavioural evaluation. The HE extract of N. persica at the dose of 50 mg kg−1 significantly increased the percentage of time spent and percentage of arm entries in the open arms of the EPM. This dose of plant extract affected neither animal's locomotor activity nor ketamine-induced sleeping time. The 50 mg kg−1 dose of the plant extract seemed to be the optimal dose in producing the anxiolytic effects, lower or higher doses of the plant produce either sedative or stimulant effects. At 100 mg kg−1, the plant extract increased the locomotor activity. These results suggested that the extract of N. persica at dose of 50 mg kg−1 possess anxiolytic effect with less sedative and hypnotic effects than that of diazepam and causes a non-specific stimulation at 100 mg kg−1

Determining the Reaction Rate of Electrochemical Process for Purification of Polluted Water

Abstract Aims: Turbidity in higher than standard levels, indicates failure in the water treatment plant. An electrochemical disinfection process takes place through electricity transition between two or more electrodes. This research aimed to determine the reaction rate of electrochemical process for purification of polluted water. Materials &amp; Methods: This is a bench scale, experimental study performed in a batch system on synthetic wastewater. 1700ml of prepared synthetic wastewater was put in an electrolytic cell and constant 600mA current was flowed into the cell content through merged aluminum electrodes for 1 hour. Samples were taken from the batch in the beginning and every 10 minutes and were analyzed for, turbidity, Coliform bacteria (probably, confirmed and E. coli) and Heterotrophic Plat Count. Fisher exact test was used to analyze data. Findings: All the parameters of turbidity, HPC, total coliform, confirmed coliform and E. coli were decreased during the time. The electrochemical process reduced the average of turbidity below 3NTU after 50 minutes (91.05 removal). The HPC number reduced from 130n/ml to 2.4n/ml (98.15 removal) after 50 minutes. No coliforms were seen after 40 minutes of the electrochemical process. Conclusion: 40 minutes of electrochemical process in 600mA by aluminum electrodes is the optimum condition for removing the turbidity, Coliform bacteria (total, confirmed and E. coli) and HPC from polluted water

Sustained remission in a case of lupus nephritis with cyclosporin therapy

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in severe form still presents a major therapeutic challenge. Aggressive treatment of severe renal lesions has improved the prognosis of renal disease over the last decade. However, this benefit is quite frequently offset by the side effects and toxicity of the treatment. Moreover, the disease may appear to be poorly responsive to treatment with steroids and cytotoxic drugs. We report a case of lupus nephritis that relapsed despite having adequate steroid and cytotoxic therapy, but later was successfully treated with cyclosporin. Fifteen months after discontinuing the treatment with cyclosporin, the patient continued to remain in remission