Stability of Domination in Graphs

The stability of dominating sets in Graphs is introduced and studied,in this paper. Here D is a dominating set of Graph G. In thispaper the vertices of D and vertices of $V - D$ are called donorsand acceptors respectively. For a vertex u in D, let $\psi_{D}(u)$ denotethe number $\|N(u) \cap (V - D)\|. The donor instability or simply d-instability$d^{D}_{inst}(e)$of an edge e connecting two donor vertices v andu is$\|\psi_{D}(u)-\psi_{D}(v)\|$. The d-instability of D,$\psi_{d}(D) is the sum ofd-instabilities of all edges connecting vertices in D. For a vertex unot in D, let $\phi_{D}(u) denote the number$\|N(u)\cap D\|. The Acceptor Instabilityor simply a-instability  $a^{D}_{inst}(e)$  of an edge e connecting twoacceptor vertices u and v is $\|\phi_{D}(u)-\phi_{D}(v)\|$. The a-instability of D,$\phi_{a}(D)$ is the sum of a-instabilities of all edges connecting vertices in$V - D$. The dominating set D is d-stable if $\psi_{d}(D) = 0$ and a-stableif $\phi_{a}(D) = 0$. D is stable, if $\psi_{d}(D) = 0$ and $\psi_{a}(D) = 0$. Given anon negative integer #\alpha$, D is$\alpha-d-stable$, if$d^{D}_{inst}(e)\leq\alpha$for any edgee connecting two donor vertices and D is$\alpha-a-stable$, if$a^{D}_{inst}(e)\leq\alpha$for any edge e connecting two acceptor vertices. Here we study$\alpha$-stability number of graphs for non negative integer$\alpha$

Influence of Perceived Powerlessness, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem on Indirect Aggression among Thai Hotel Workers: A Path Analytic Model

Abstract:This study examined perceived powerlessness and narcissism as predictors and self-esteem as mediator in the frequency of the use of indirect aggression among Thai female and male workers in the hotel industry. The participants obtained through purposive sampling consisted of 78 men and 131 women aged between 19 and 50 years who have worked for 6 to 288 months in their respective hotels in Thailand. The current study utilized a quantitative correlation design. Multiple Regression and MANOVA were employed to analyze the results. The results showed that the male respondents reported higher engagement of indirect aggression techniques of malicious humor, social exclusionary behavior, and guilt induction than their female counterparts, respectively. No significant gender differences for the factors of relational control, fear of negative evaluation, narcissistic personality, and self-esteem were found. Furthermore it was revealed that narcissistic personality has both direct and indirect influences on the use of indirect aggression. In terms of direct influence, it was revealed that the more narcissistic the participants’ personality, the more they would employ indirect aggressive techniques. With regard to indirect influence, the more narcissistic the participants’ personality, the higher their reported level of self-esteem and the less they would employ indirect aggressive techniques. The results also showed that for the participants, their fear of negative evaluation has an indirect influence on their use of indirect aggressive techniques such that the higher their fear of negative evaluation, the lower their reported level of self-esteem and the more they would use indirect aggressive techniques. The factor of relational control was not found to be significantly related to any of the indirect aggression criterion variables

Influence of Parenting Styles on Self-Regulated Learning Behavior Mediated By Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Value

The main objective of the current study was to investigate the direct and indirect influences of parenting styles on self-regulated learning behavior, being mediated by self-efficacy and intrinsic value. In order to meet this objective, a quantitative study with correlational research design via path analysis was utilized to establish statistical associations between the core variables. The participants of the study consisted of 206 male and female high school students from a selected international school in Bangkok, Thailand. The Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) was employed as the research instrument to test parenting styles while the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was the research instrument chosen to measure intrinsic value, self-efficacy, and self-regulation. The results revealed the following major findings: (1) authoritative parenting style had a significant direct influence on self-regulated learning behavior; (2) permissive and authoritarian parenting styles did not have a significant direct influence on self-regulated learning behavior; (3) authoritative parenting has a significant indirect influence on self-regulated learning, being mediated by self-efficacy and intrinsic value; (4) permissive and authoritarian parenting styles did not have a significant indirect influence on self-regulated learning, being mediated by self-efficacy; (5) permissive parenting style did not have a significant indirect influence on self-regulated learning behavior, being mediated by intrinsic value; and (6) authoritarian parenting has a significant indirect influence on self-regulated learning behavior, being mediated by intrinsic value

Hairy root induction from hypocotyl segments of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Hairy roots were induced from hypocotyl explants excised from seven day old aseptically grown seedlings of groundnut using Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834. The percentage of hairy root induction and number of hairy roots per ex-plant varied with infection period. The suitable co-cultivation period was 48 h. The hairy roots were fast growing, thin, slender and sometimes having branches which varied in their morphological nature. The cefotaxime concentration of 250 mgL-1 was found to be most suitable for hairy root induction in groundnut

DESIGN AND INVITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF METFORMIN LOADED RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES

Objective: Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug in the biguanide class. It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Theobjective of this study was to retard the release of metformin using carrier erythrocyte for getting a parenteral slow release depot formulation.Methods: The study retards the release of metformin by encapsulating in carrier erythrocyte. Endocytosis is the method used for the encapsulationof the drug metformin.Results: The optimized formulation shows 98.34% of drug release within 12 days. From the in vitro release data, zero order kinetic graph shows thebest fit graph. % cell recovered was found to be 73-78% and it suggests that the loading technique was less destructive.Conclusion: The optimized formulation is a perfect carrier for the parenteral slow release depot of metformin.Keywords: Resealed erythrocytes, Cross-linking, Cell recovery, Endocytosis, Slow release depot formulation

Pathya Apathya of Visha w.s.r. to Prayoga Samucchaya

Agadatantra deals with the study of poison and its treatment and is given utmost importance among the branches of Ayurveda owing to its need for emergency management. Pathya Apathya is very important in the management of Visha Roga to keep the Dhatus in normal state and will not let them vitiated more by the action of Visha Gunas. People are exposed to different toxins, bites and stings and it’s the need of hour to understand properly about the Pathya Apathya to be followed in such conditions. This articles highlights the relevance of Pathya and Apathya in Visha Chikitsa from the malayalam text Prayoga Samucchaya

Radical Pair Model for Magnetic Field Effects on NMDA Receptor Activity

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is a prominent player in brain development and functioning. Perturbations to its functioning through external stimuli like magnetic fields can potentially affect the brain in numerous ways. Various studies have shown that magnetic fields of varying strengths affect these receptors. We propose that the radical pair mechanism, a quantum mechanical process, could explain some of these field effects. Radicals of the form [\mbox{RO}^\bullet \mbox{ Mg(\mbox{H}_2$O$)_n}^{+\bullet}], where R is a protein residue that can be Serine or Tyrosine, are considered for this study. The variation in the singlet fractional yield of the radical pairs, as a function of magnetic field strength, is calculated to understand how the magnetic field affects the products of the radical pair reactions. Based on the results, the radical pair mechanism is a likely candidate for explaining the magnetic field effects observed on the receptor activity. The model predicts changes in the behaviour of the system as magnetic field strength is varied and also predicts certain isotope effects. The results further suggest that similar effects on radical pairs could be a plausible explanation for various magnetic field effects within the brain

Depth Segmentation Method for Cancer Detection in Mammography Images

Breast cancer detection remains a subject matter of intense and also a stream that will create a path for numerous debates. Mammography has long been the mainstay of breast cancer detection and is the only screening test proven to reduce mortality. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have the potential to assist radiologists in the early detection of cancer. Many techniques were introduced based on SVM classifier, spatial and frequency domain, active contour method, k-NN clustering method but these methods have so many disadvantages on the SNR ratio, efficiency etc. The quality of detection of cancer cells is dependent with the segmentation of the mammography image. Here a new method is proposed for segmentation. This algorithm focuses to segment the image depth wise and also coloured based segmentation is implemented. Here the feature identification and detection of malignant and benign cells are done more easily and also to increase the efficiency to detect the early stages of breast cancer through mammography images. In which the relative signal enhancement technique is also done for high dynamic range images. Markovian random function can be used in the depth segmentation. Markov Random Field (MRF) is used in mammography images. It is because this method can model intensity in homogeneities occurring in these images. This will be helpful to find the featured tumor DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15023