Solvent Induced Disulfide Bond Formation in 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole

Disulfide bond formation is the decisive event in the protein folding to determine the conformation and stability of protein. To achieve this disulfide bond formation in vitro, we took 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) as a model compound. We found that disulfide bond formation takes place between two sulfhydryl groups of DMcT molecules in methanol. UV-Vis, FT-IR and mass spectroscopic as well as cyclic voltammetry were used to monitor the course of reaction. We proposed a mechanism for the solvent induced disulfide bond formation on the basis of the results we obtained

Balanced rank distribution labeling of ladder graphs, complete graphs and complete bipartite graphs

A balanced rank distribution labeling of a graph G of order n is a new kind of vertex labeling from {1, 2, 3, ..., k}(n = 6, complete graphs K-n for n >= 3 and complete bipartite graphs K-n/2,K-n/2 for even n >= 4 have been investigated and obtained the results on balanced rank distribution number (brd(G)) for the given graphs as follows: (i) brd(L-n/2) = 3n - 15, for even n >= 12 (ii) brd(K-n ) = n, for n >= 3 (iii) brd(K-n/2,K-n/2) = n, for even n >=

Knowledge of Recommended Pesticide usage among Cabbage Growers

This study aimed to access the knowledge level of cabbage growers on recommended pesticide usage practices. It was carried out in two blocks of Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu. Krishnagiri district was selected based on maximum acreage under cabbage cultivation. Two blocks viz., Shoolagiri and Hosur were selected considering the area covered under cabbage. A sample of 120 cabbage growers was selected random selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used for data collection and collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the cabbage growers had medium to low level of knowledge on recommended pesticides usage

Comparative Clinical-Radiologic-Post mortem Study of Diffuse Axonal Injury in Severe Head Injury Patients

BACKGROUND: To analyse the clinical, radiological and autopsy features of Diffuse Axonal Injury in severe head injury patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients who are admitted to the neurosurgical ward with Severe Head Injury (GCS < 8) and a CT scan suggestive of diffuse axonal injury will be included in the study. The demographic data will be collected and the radiologic features will be analyzed. The patients who die during the course of treatment will be included in the study and the autopsy will be done to study the features of diffuse injury in the brain. RESULTS: In patients with diffuse axonal injury, GCS less than 5 , clinical grading 3 have mostly expired.Even with normal CT brain patients with diffuse axonal injury had histopathological changes CONCLUSION: Patients with diffuse axonal injury have demonstrable histopathological changes

Non-traumatic Duodenal Ulcer Perforations at K.A.P.V Government Medical College and Annal Gandhi Memorial Government Hospital, Trichy

INTRODUCTION: Despite the introduction of new drugs and various diagnostic tool, the number of patients with perforation of peptic ulcer remain stable in some countries whereas in some countries it is increasing. There are countries where rates of this complication show different trends depending on age and sex. The mortality has been reduced now a days due to early medical attention, quick diagnosis and prompt surgical management. But no single method of treatment is appropriate for every patient with perforated duodenal ulcer. There are different geographical trends in the duodenal ulcer disease and ulcer perforation. There are also great variations in the type of patients presenting with perforation in different parts of the world and management strategies also differ. The study was conducted with the aim of analyzing various factors which are of immense value in the diagnosis and management of the disease. The Present study was also carried out to evaluate the age, sex, seasonal periodicity, ulcer size, morbidity, mortality and further follow-up of the patients and anti H.pylori therapy. AIM OF STUDY: 1. To evaluate the age and sex incidence, socioeconomic status, seasonal trends, duration of signs and symptoms, associations with personal habits like alcohol and smoking, NSAIDs, dietary habits and other diseases in region like ours with particular reference to the prognosis of the patients with perforated duodenal ulcer. 2. To illustrate the various types of clinical presentation. 3. To study the methods of management in our hospital and to evaluate its outcome. 4. To study the diagnostic procedures in cases of perforated peptic ulcer. 5. To study the association of NSAIDs with perforated peptic ulcer. 6. To assess the incidence of post operative complications. 7. Long term review for; • Recurrence of ulcer perforation. • Post operative complications. • Anti H.pylori therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Materials: Clinical Evaluation: Age, Sex, Socio Ec. Status, Alcohol, smoking, NSAIDS, Steroids, Dietary habits, Clinical features, Time of perforation, Duration of perforation, Previous ulcer History. INVESTIGATIONS: 1. Radiology, 2. Bl.Sugar, Bl.Urea Sr. Creatinine, Sr. Electrolytes, 3. Bl.Grouping, 4. ECG. OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: 1. Operative findings, 2. Peritoneal Lavage and its role, 3. Conservative line of Management. FOLLOW UP: 1. Morbidity, 2. Mortality, 3. Anti H.pylori therapy – Recurrence. All the patients who were suspected to have duodenal perforation were admitted in the general surgical wards at AGMGH TRICHY. from June 2007 to November 2009. They were examined thoroughly and findings tabulated, operative reports reviewed and the following data were collected from the reports; Age and sex of patients, location of ulcer, symptoms and signs of perforation routine investigations like Hb%, Blood urea, Blood sugar, serum creatinine, blood grouping, serum electrolytes estimation, plain X ray abdomen in the erect posture, left lateral decubitus and abdominal paracentesis. STANDARD DRUG REGIMEN USED: Cefotaxime, Gentamicin, Metronidazole and Ranitidine were the standard drugs used. SCOPE OF STUDY: This study was undertaken with a view to analyses the different modes of presentation, age and sex incidence, etiology, various managements adapted its outcome in patients with duodenal perforation and was compared with those of other studies. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: In the period between June 2007 to November 2009, 160 cases of perforated duodenal ulcer were admitted in the general surgical ward at Annal Gandhi memorial Govt. Medical College Hospital,Trichy. Since Trichy Medical College Hospital is a tertiary centre most of the cases were from Trichy town and from the adjacent towns of Kulithalai, Musiri, Manapparai, Perambalur, Srirangam, Lalkudi, Thuraiyur., etc. CONCLUSION: This study of 160 cases of duodenal ulcer perforation at the KAPV. GOVT Medical College and AGM Hospital, Trichy during the period of June 2007 November 2009 shows the following results: 1. Duodenal ulcer is common in our series. 2. Most common age group is between 31 to 50 years. 3. Males are more affected than females (8:1) 4. All the patients are of the low socio-economic group. 5. Perforation most commonly occurs in winter months - October, November, December and January (53%). 6. The most common predisposing factor is NSAID induced (42%). 7. In our study 100% of patients had pneumoperitoneum in radiographs. 8. Time of occurrence of perforation is predominantly in night and early morning (74%). 9. Majority of patients seek medical attention within 12 to 24 hours following perforation. 10. Site of perforation is most commonly the I part of duodenum. 11. Size of perforation in 64% of patients is between 0.5 to 1.0 cm. 12. Simple suture with live omental patch is done all cases. 13. Anti H.pylori therapy decreases recurrence during the follow up period. 14. Mortality is due to late presentation,large amount of purulent peritoneal fluid, elevated renal parameters and pulmonary complications

Contactless digital tachometer using microcontroller

Tachometer is a device that used for counting or for the measuring purpose of the number of revolutions (that is the total number rotations made by the device in unit of measuring time) of an object in unit time. It is expressed in the unit of RPS or RPM, the model uses a set of infrared transducer receiver to count the RPM pulses, and the Arduino microcontroller is used for the implementation of the project. The individual pulses are counted by the microcontroller to give the final output of the RPM

Glycosylated hemoglobin as an efficacious tool for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus

The incidence and prevalence of GDM is on the rise worldwide and, more so in developing countries including India. GDM is associated with maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidities. Current guidelines recommend GDM screening only at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Diagnosis of GDM in later half of pregnancy leads to fetal and maternal morbidities in spite of good glycemic control. This necessitates the use of a simpler, convenient, accurate, and reliable test, which can predict GDM in early gestation. Our article reviews the scope of using HbA1c for GDM and its efficacy in screening GDM

ReverseCloak: A Reversible Multi-level Location Privacy Protection System

With the fast popularization of mobile devices and wireless networks, along with advances in sensing and positioning technology, we are witnessing a huge proliferation of Location-based Services (LBSs). Location anonymization refers to the process of perturbing the exact location of LBS users as a cloaking region such that a user's location becomes indistinguishable from the location of a set of other users. However, existing location anonymization techniques focus primarily on single level unidirectional anonymization, which fails to control the access to the cloaking data to let data requesters with different privileges get information with varying degrees of anonymity. In this demonstration, we present a toolkit for ReverseCloak, a location perturbation system to protect location privacy over road networks in a multi-level reversible manner, consisting of an 'Anonymizer' GUI to adjust the anonymization settings and visualize the multilevel cloaking regions over road network for location data owners and a 'De-anonymizer' GUI to de-anonymize the cloaking region and display the reduced region over road network for location data requesters. With the toolkit, we demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the ReverseCloak approach