EMULSOMES FOR LIPOPHILIC ANTICANCER DRUG DELIVERY: DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION AND IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE KINETIC STUDY

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate and characterize paclitaxel (Ptx) loaded sterically stabilized emulsomes to provide non-toxic and biocompatible carriers with high Ptx loading efficiency. Methods: Plain (P-Es) and sterically stabilized emulsomes (SS-Es) were prepared by a modified solvent evaporation method using tristearin as solid lipid and optimized for lipid to (DSPC+CHOL+DSPE-PEG)/ tristearin ratio, lipid/lipid-PEG (DSPC+CHOL/DSPE-PEG) molar ratio, solid lipid concentration, phospholipid concentration, organic to aqueous phase volume and homogenization time based on their effect particle size and entrapment efficiency. Optimized emulsomes were characterized for morphological features, in vitro drug release kinetics and protection from plasma protein. Results: The emulsomes so formed were uniform in size with a mean particle diameter of 275±5.52 and 195±6.4 nm for P-Es and SS-Es respectively. All the formulations showed pH dependent drug release with a slow and sustained release profile. Slower drug release was observed from sterically stabilized emulsomes than the plain emulsomes. The drug release profile followed the Higuchi model with the Fickian diffusion pattern. The Pegylation of emulsomes significantly reduced the in vitro protein absorption. Conclusion: The sterically stabilized emulsome can serve as a novel non-toxic platform with longer circulatory time for the delivery of Paclitaxel and other poorly water-soluble drugs as well

Evidence of Songbird Intoxication From Rozol Application at a Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colony

Concerns about avian poisonings from anticoagulant rodenticides have traditionally focused on secondary poisoning of raptors exposed by feeding on contaminated mammalian prey. However, ground foraging songbirds can be directly poisoned from operational applications of the anticoagulant rodenticide RozolH (0.005% chlorophacinone, active ingredient) applied as a grain bait, at black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus colonies. A dead western meadowlark Sturnella neglecta recovered from the study prairie dog colony displayed hemorrhaging in brain and pectoral muscle tissue, and it contained chlorophacinone residue concentrations of 0.59 and 0.49 mg/g (wet weight) in the liver and intestinal contents, respectively. Chlorophacinone residues from two Rozol-colored songbird droppings found at the study colony were 0.09 and 0.46 mg/g (wet weight). The timing of the meadowlark mortality and the occurrence of discolored droppings show that songbird exposure and poisoning can occur weeks after a Rozol application

A Detailed Study of Channel Estimation and BER Optimization in presence of AWGN and Rayleigh Channel of OFDM System

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is an important one field communication and that uses parallel information series. Contrast and single carrier adjustment are basic aspects of this technique where OFDM has many favourable circumstances are risky to work on this technique. It is robust, easy to use, and strength to safe the processing channel from distortions. It provides safety from multipath, much lesser computational many-sided characteristic. OFDM has some significant to execute it in commonly using media transmission frameworks. OFDM standard tolerate Packet misfortune, Bit trouble, Bit Error Rate (BER), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Calculation of PAPR, Power Spectrum estimation. This dissertation is targeted to show the comparison of AWGN and Rayleigh channel by using fading process for particularity in superior performance with individual values of spectrums as well as by their scattering plots. In this dissertation each and every signal of these terms are examined and all the four parameters are thought about utilizing AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel by changing the period of a portion of the subcarriers utilizing QPSK in OFDM regulation. The representation of outputs is finished through MATLAB programming

DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO RELEASE KINETIC STUDIES OF IBANDRONATE LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop, optimize, and evaluate Ibandronate-sodium loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Ib-CS NPs) to treat osteoporosis. Methods: NPs were prepared by the Ionic gelation method and optimized for various parameters such as the effect of concentration of chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and pH effect on particle size polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using particle size analyzer (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).  Results: Formulated NPs were obtained in the average nano size in the range below 200 nm in TEM, SEM, and DLS studies. The particle size and encapsulation efficiency of the optimized formulation were 176.1 nm and 63.28%, respectively. The release profile of NPs was depended on the dissolution medium and followed the First-order release kinetics. Conclusion: Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating osteoporosis in the US and many other countries, including India. Ibandronate is a widely used anti-osteoporosis drug, exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on bone resorption performed by osteoclast cells. Our results indicated that Ibandronate sodium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles provide an effective medication for the treatment of osteoporosis

Clinical and histopathological correlation of breast lesions

Background: To study the histopathological features of neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions of breast.  To correlate the pathological findings with clinical parameters.Methods: We have studied total 170 cases of breast lesions over a period of two years in our institute. The specimens were received in histopathology section of our department. Detailed gross examination of specimens was done followed by fixation, thorough sampling, and tissue processing. The different lesions were studied by histopathological examination and analysed. Neoplastic lesions were classified according to the WHO classification.Results: Out of the 170 cases, 128 cases had neoplastic lesions and 41 cases had non-neoplastic lesions, and one case had coexistent neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. Out of the total 129 cases with neoplastic lesions, 76 cases had benign breast tumors, 51 cases had malignant breast tumors, and 2 cases had precursor lesions. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign tumour with 62 cases. Invasive carcinoma no special type was the most common malignant tumour with 43 cases. Special subtypes of invasive carcinoma found in our study were mucinous carcinoma (2 case). The most common nonneoplastic lesion was mastitis with 12 cases, followed by duct ectasia and fibrocystic change. There were 6 cases of gynaecomastia. All the tumors involved upper outer quadrant most frequently. The benign tumors were most frequent in second, third and fourth decades, malignant tumours were seen beyond 4th decade. The nonneoplastic lesions were common in 4th decade.Conclusions: Histopathological study is important in the management of breast lesions

Enhancement of Analytical OBR (Out of Band Radiation) and BER Calculation for Digital Au-dio-Video Broadcasting in Companded OFDM System using Non-Symmetric QAM/QPSK Tecniques

Companding transforms useful under assumption of infinite bandwidth. Under band limited conditions OBR parameter filters out. So bandwidth is a factor that decides the filter-ing out OBR on the performance of companded OFDM sys-tems. As a result filtering becomes essential under band lim-ited conditions in turn this does deteriorate the system per-formance significantly. In this paper method proposed to overcome the performance degradation. Method called non symmetric scheme based on the use of curve fitting method to find out a suitable polynomial to be used for decom-panding at the receiver. This method indeed improves the performance in comparison to existing symmetric methods when filtering is necessary for band limited conditions

Central nervous system tumors: a histopathological study

Background: Brain tumors can originate in almost any type of tissue, cell or mixture of cell types in the brain or spinal cord. Tumors in different areas of the central nervous system may be treated differently and have a different prognosis.Methods: In the period between 2011-2015, we studied on 59 patients diagnosed with CNS tumors according to the World Health Organization’s diagnostic criteria. Patient data were retrieved from the archives of the department of Pathology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner. The diagnosis in all the cases were made on hematoxylin & eosin stained slides of processed tissue.Results: Patients ages ranged from 3.5-65 years with a mean age of 41.2 years and a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. Majority of tumors had intracranial location (55 cases, 93.23%). 91.5% tumors were solid in consistency. Frontal lobe (37.3%) was the predominant affected region. Most tumors were originated from neuroepithelium (67.8%) followed by meninges (22.03%). When examining the data pertaining to specific types of tumors, most frequent type of CNS tumors was astrocytoma (31 cases, 52.5%), followed by meningioma (13 cases, 22%).Conclusion: The most frequent type of CNS tumours in this study was astrocytoma, followed by meningioma. Males are at much higher risk of developing CNS tumour in comparison to females (1.8:1). WHO Grade IV lesions were more common in our institutional set up. The exact histological diagnosis of CNS tumors is essential to predict the prognostic factors.

Ayurvedic Management of Sthaulya (Obesity): A Case Report

Obesity is burning health issue for society nowadays. In Sutrasthana of Charaka Samhita, in different Adhyaya (eg. Astauninditiya, Langhanabrumhaniya, Santarpaniya) causes, symptoms and treatment of Sthaulya are described. As an alternative approach, Ayurvedic treatment may serve as promising modality. A 17 years old male patient came in P.D. Patel Ayurveda Hospital on 22th May 2017. Patients weight was 114.8 kg and BMI was 37.51 which fairly included in obesity category according to NHI guidelines. He also had some associated complaints like exertional dyspnoea, increased appetite, excessive perspiration. He was treated with Snehana (Aabhyantara and Bahya), Swedana, Vamana, Virechana, Niruha Basti, Udvartana along with oral medicines like Varunaadi Kwatha, Arogyavardhini Vati, Triphala Guggulu, and Navayasa Lauha along with prescribed dietary regimes and life style modification. He lost about 9.7 kg of weight, which was 105.1 kgs and BMI was 34.34 only in 26 days without any complications

An overview of the predictors of symptomatic urinary tract infection among nursing students

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection experienced by humans after respiratory and gastro‑intestinal infections, and also the most common cause of nosocomial infections for patients admitted to hospitals indeed UTIs are the most frequent bacterial infection in women. Aim: The aim was to determine the prevalence of UTI and to identify factors associated with an increased risk of UTI among nursing students. Subjects and Methods: The cross‑sectional study involved 177 unmarried nursing students aged 18–30 years studying in the SRMSIMS, Nursing College Bareilly. A structured questionnaire was used, and study subjects were asked regarding the symptoms of UTI in the previous 3 months. Chi‑square test and Univariate Logistic Regression was used to analyze the data. Results: The overall prevalence of UTI was found to be 19.8% (35/177). Rural background, inadequate water intake, and unsatisfactory toilet habits were found to be strong predictors of UTI. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to sensitize the nursing students regarding the growing need of the issue so that they themselves become aware in addition to raising the awareness of other high‑risk groups.Keywords: Nursing students, Prevalence, Urinary tract infectio