13 research outputs found

    НазначСниС ΠΈ обоснованиС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ

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    The paper presents the comparative characteristics of the most common modes of heat and moisture treatment (HMT), their advantages and disadvantages, as well as proposals for optimizing the HMT stages to obtainΒ the maximum effect of accelerating concrete hardening through the use of thermal energy. Heat and moisture treatment of concrete is one of the most difficult stages in the technology of prefabricated and monolithic concrete. The basis for the durability of structures, their uninterrupted service during the design period of operation is a properly selected HMT mode, which improves the quality of products and reduces material costs in the form of a reduction in energy costs. Therefore, the still practiced simplified methods for selecting the HMT mode are unacceptable. Only under the condition of strict and scientifically substantiated consideration of a complex of factors influencing the ongoing processes of formation of the structure of cement stone and concrete, and the interaction between them, it is possible to obtain concrete with the required characteristics. Depending on the requirements for the finished material, based on knowledge of the mechanism of heat and mass transfer, rational methods and modes of heat treatment of concrete and reinforced concrete products can be calculated. A variety of HMT modes is due to the desire to reduce the possibility of defects in the concrete structure (for example, modes with a stepped or curvilinear temperature increase, which reduces the temperature gradient across the product section), to reduce energy costs (modes with the exclusion of the isothermal holding stage), etc. In the process of HMT of concrete and reinforced concrete products, a number of chemical and physical transformations of the concrete mixture (concrete) occur, as a result of which various defects in the structure of the material may appear, which worsen its properties (strength, permeability, shrinkage, creep and, in general, durability of concrete). Modern technology for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures provides for the introduction of various chemical additives,Β  their effect on the hardening of concrete at elevated temperatures, unfortunately, is not sufficiently reflected in the specialized literature. For example, the duration of the total cycle of concrete HMT when using chemical additives – hardening accelerators can be reduced by reducing the periods of preliminary exposure, temperature rise and the duration of isothermal exposure; and the use of plasticizers, depending on their type and content, can lead to a lengthening of the cycle. It is necessary to have analytical dependencies for calculating HMT modes and a computer model of the concrete hardening process at elevated temperatures.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассмотрСны ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристики Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ распространСнных Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² тСпловлаТностной ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ (Π’Π’Πž), ΠΈΡ… достоинства ΠΈ нСдостатки, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ прСдлоТСния ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ этапов Π’Π’Πž для получСния максимального эффСкта ускорСния твСрдСния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π° счСт использования Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ энСргии. ВСпловлаТностная ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° – ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· самых слоТных этапов Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ сборного ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π°. Основой долговСчности конструкций, ΠΈΡ… бСспСрСбойной слуТбы Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ срока эксплуатации являСтся ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π’Π’Πž, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ обСспСчиваСт ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ качСства ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ сниТаСт ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ сокращСния энСргозатрат. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ Π΄ΠΎ сих ΠΏΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π’Π’Πž. Волько ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ условии строгого ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ обоснованного ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π° комплСкса Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… влияниС Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ процСссы формирования структуры Ρ†Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ камня ΠΈ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ взаимодСйствия ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° с Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ характСристиками. Π’ зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡŠΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΊ Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρƒ Π½Π° основС знания ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° тСпломассопСрСноса, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ рассчитаны Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ‹ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Π’Π’Πž обусловлСно стрСмлСниСм ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ образования Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² структурС Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ‹ со ступСнчатым Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сниТаСт Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ издСлия), ΡΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ энСргозатраты (Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ‹ с ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ стадии изотСрмичСской Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ) ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Π’ процСссС Π’Π’Πž Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ происходит ряд химичСских ΠΈ физичСских ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ смСси (Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π°), Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ появлСниС Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² структурС ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΡƒΡ…ΡƒΠ΄ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π΅Π³ΠΎ свойства (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, усадку, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π°). БоврСмСнная тСхнология производства Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ конструкций прСдусматриваСт Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… химичСских Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, влияниС ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ…, ΠΊ соТалСнию, нСдостаточно ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅. НапримСр, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π’Π’Πž Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании химичСских Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ – ускоритСлСй твСрдСния ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ сокращСна Π·Π° счСт ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ, подъСма Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ изотСрмичСской Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ; Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ пластификаторов Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ содСрТания ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ привСсти ΠΊ ΡƒΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. НСобходимо ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ аналитичСскиС зависимости для расчСтов Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Π’Π’Πž ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ модСль процСсса твСрдСния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ…

    ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° тСрмонапряТСнного состояния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ массива

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    The paper describes a technique for assessing the thermally stressed state of a concrete massif of a foundation slab made of a self-compacting concrete mixture. The proposed method consists in a preliminary calculation of temperature fields in hardening concrete. The objects of research have been self-compacting concrete mix and structural concrete in the structureΒ mass. The choice of materials for the preparation of a concrete mixture is given and substantiated. The composition of self-compacting concrete has been used to assess the thermally stressed state. A binder with a reduced exotherm has been used in order to reduce the self-heating of concrete. Studies have been carried out to assess the specific heat release of the recommended cement depending on the initial water-cement ratio. The effect of a chemical additive on the rate and magnitude of the specific heat release of cement has been studied. Β The paper presents the main theoretical provisions and an algorithm for calculating the thermal stress state of a concrete massif. The finite difference method has been used to calculate the expected temperatures and their distribution in the structure mass, and the temperature stresses in the sections of the concrete mass have been calculated to assess the thermally stressed state. The performed calculations of the temperature fields have made it possible to estimate the maximum possible temperatures and temperature differences over the sections of the concrete massif depending on the initial temperature of the concrete mixture and the average daily temperature of the outside air. Analysis of the temperature distribution has revealed the most dangerous sections of the concrete mass. An assessment of the thermal stress state of the concrete mass has been made on the basis of the results pertaining to calculation of temperature fields. The calculation of temperature stresses in the most dangerous sections of the concrete massif has been performed. It is shown that the calculated value of the temperature stress can serve as a characteristic of the thermally stressed state of the concrete mass. The formation of temperature cracks in a concrete mass is possible when the calculated value of the temperature stress exceeds the actual tensile strength of concrete. Comparison of the calculated and actual values of temperatures in the sections of the foundation slab has made it possible to conclude that the calculations of the temperature fields and, as a consequence, possible temperature deformations are correct.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ тСрмонапряТСнного состояния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ массива Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡƒΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉΡΡ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ смСси. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ расчСтС Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π² Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄Π΅ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ исслСдований являлись ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡƒΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°ΡΡΡ бСтонная смСсь ΠΈ конструкционный Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ Π² массивС конструкции. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΈ обоснован Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² для приготовлСния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ смСси. Для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ тСрмонапряТСнного состояния использован состав ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡƒΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π°. Π‘ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ сниТСния Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ саморазогрСва Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° примСняли вяТущСС с ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ экзотСрмиСй. Π’Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ тСпловыдСлСния Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ†Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ влияниС химичСской Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ тСпловыдСлСния Ρ†Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ основныС тСорСтичСскиС полоТСния ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ расчСта тСрмонапряТСнного состояния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ массива. Для расчСта ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… распрСдСлСния Π² массивС конструкции использовали ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… разностСй, Π° для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ тСрмонапряТСнного состояния рассчитывали Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ напряТСния Π² сСчСниях Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ массива. Π’Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ расчСты Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ максимально Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Π΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ сСчСниям Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ массива Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ смСси ΠΈ срСднСсуточной Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π°. Анализ распрСдСлСния Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ выявил Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ опасныС сСчСния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ массива. На основании Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² расчСта Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° тСрмонапряТСнного состояния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ массива. Π’Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ расчСт Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… напряТСний Π² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ опасных сСчСниях Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ массива. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ характСристикой тСрмонапряТСнного состояния Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ массива ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ расчСтная Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ напряТСния. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ Π² Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ массивС Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ расчСтного значСния Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ напряТСния Π½Π°Π΄ фактичСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° растяТСниС. Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ расчСтных ΠΈ фактичСских Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ Π² сСчСниях Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… расчСтов Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ слСдствиС, ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… дСформациях

    ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-мСханичСскиС характСристики Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‰Π΅Π±Π½Π΅

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    The paper gives comparative test and research results of normal and cubiform crushed stone, basic physical and technical concrete properties (compressive strength, splitting tension, frost resistance and water proofness) on cubiform crushed stone. Application of concrete on cubiform crushed stone is rather rational for products and structures being under conditions of central and eccentric compression.Π”Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ испытаний ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ щСбня, исслСдования основных Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-тСхничСских свойств Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‰Π΅Π±Π½Π΅ (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° сТатиС, растяТСниС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ раскалывании, ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‰Π΅Π±Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ для ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ конструкций, Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² условиях Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сТатия

    Бвойства Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΈΠ· осадочных Π³ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄

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    The paper presents results of the investigations of concrete on crushed fluxing limestone, which is a secondary product of the metallurgical industry. The main physical and mechanical and operating characteristics of concrete on fluxing limestone have been studied. It has been ascertained on the basis of the conducted investigations that fluxing limestone can be used for products and constructions made of heavy-weight concrete along with such aggregates as crushed granite stone and natural gravelΒ ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдований Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ‰Π΅Π±Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Π»ΡŽΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ извСстняка, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ являСтся Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ мСталлургичСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ основныС Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-мСханичСскиС ΠΈ эксплуатационныС характСристики Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ„Π»ΡŽΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ извСстнякС. На основании ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ„Π»ΡŽΡΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ извСстняк ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ для ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ конструкций ΠΈΠ· тяТСлого Π±Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π° наряду с Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ заполнитСлями, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‰Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π³Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠΉ

    Hybridization but No Evidence for Backcrossing and Introgression in a Sympatric Population of Great Reed Warblers and Clamorous Reed Warblers

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    Hybridization is observed frequently in birds, but often it is not known whether the hybrids are fertile and if backcrossing occurs. The breeding ranges of the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) and the clamorous reed warbler (A. stentoreus) overlap in southern Kazakhstan and a previous study has documented hybridization in a sympatric population. In the present study, we first present a large set of novel microsatellite loci isolated and characterised in great reed warblers. Secondly, we evaluate whether hybridization in the sympatric breeding population has been followed by backcrossing and introgression

    Basic Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete on Cubiform Crushed Stone

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    The paper gives comparative test and research results of normal and cubiform crushed stone, basic physical and technical concrete properties (compressive strength, splitting tension, frost resistance and water proofness) on cubiform crushed stone. Application of concrete on cubiform crushed stone is rather rational for products and structures being under conditions of central and eccentric compression

    Characteristics of Concrete with Sedimentary Rock Aggregate

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    The paper presents results of the investigations of concrete on crushed fluxing limestone, which is a secondary product of the metallurgical industry. The main physical and mechanical and operating characteristics of concrete on fluxing limestone have been studied. It has been ascertained on the basis of the conducted investigations that fluxing limestone can be used for products and constructions made of heavy-weight concrete along with such aggregates as crushed granite stone and natural grave

    Ways of calculating the electromagnetic field intensity for assessment of electromagnetic compatibility of radio-monitoring stations

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    The paper analyzes a possibility of using the verified by international scientific organizations calculation methods of signal attenuation and field intensity along the radio wave propagation path for assessment of electromagnetic compatibility of wideband radio monitoring stations equipped with radio electronic facilities of various purposes

    Building an Ontological Information-analytical System to Manage Quality of Double-glazed Windows in the Production of Solar Panels

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    This paper reports an ontological approach to designing intelligent decision support to control the quality of multi-layered double-glazed windows within the framework of a virtual instrument-building enterprise (VIE) that produces solar energy complexes. It is shown that improving the efficiency in solving the tasks related to managing the quality of VIE products necessitates the application of an ontological engineering toolset to create a unified knowledge space that would cover the manufacturing phase of a product's life cycle. The methodical basis for making an ontological information-analytical system (OIAS) to manage product quality was the tool platform "TODOS" (Ukraine) whose means were used to synthesize a set of ontological models that make up the intelligent core of OIAS. The OIAS knowledge-based inference procedure has been described when making a decision about a deviation in the manufacturing process that led to the emergence of damage. This procedure implies the implementation of direct and reverse inference based on the knowledge in the ontological environment and makes it possible to identify the sources of defects and damage and generate a solution to eliminating these sources. Procedures have been devised to assess the effectiveness of the development and application of OIAS to automate the quality management of multi-layered double-glazed windows. These procedures employ a set of indicators that reflect both the technical and economic components of the quality control process. It has been shown that during 2019 a typical subcontractor enterprise that applied the developed system managed to reduce the number of defective products by about 73 %. Further research areas have been identified, including the development of methodical means and, based on them, the toolsets for the deployment of industrial ontological quality management system
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