13 research outputs found
ΠΠ°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ
The paper presents the comparative characteristics of the most common modes of heat and moisture treatment (HMT), their advantages and disadvantages, as well as proposals for optimizing the HMT stages to obtainΒ the maximum effect of accelerating concrete hardening through the use of thermal energy. Heat and moisture treatment of concrete is one of the most difficult stages in the technology of prefabricated and monolithic concrete. The basis for the durability of structures, their uninterrupted service during the design period of operation is a properly selected HMT mode, which improves the quality of products and reduces material costs in the form of a reduction in energy costs. Therefore, the still practiced simplified methods for selecting the HMT mode are unacceptable. Only under the condition of strict and scientifically substantiated consideration of a complex of factors influencing the ongoing processes of formation of the structure of cement stone and concrete, and the interaction between them, it is possible to obtain concrete with the required characteristics. Depending on the requirements for the finished material, based on knowledge of the mechanism of heat and mass transfer, rational methods and modes of heat treatment of concrete and reinforced concrete products can be calculated. A variety of HMT modes is due to the desire to reduce the possibility of defects in the concrete structure (for example, modes with a stepped or curvilinear temperature increase, which reduces the temperature gradient across the product section), to reduce energy costs (modes with the exclusion of the isothermal holding stage), etc. In the process of HMT of concrete and reinforced concrete products, a number of chemical and physical transformations of the concrete mixture (concrete) occur, as a result of which various defects in the structure of the material may appear, which worsen its properties (strength, permeability, shrinkage, creep and, in general, durability of concrete). Modern technology for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures provides for the introduction of various chemical additives,Β their effect on the hardening of concrete at elevated temperatures, unfortunately, is not sufficiently reflected in the specialized literature. For example, the duration of the total cycle of concrete HMT when using chemical additives β hardening accelerators can be reduced by reducing the periods of preliminary exposure, temperature rise and the duration of isothermal exposure; and the use of plasticizers, depending on their type and content, can lead to a lengthening of the cycle. It is necessary to have analytical dependencies for calculating HMT modes and a computer model of the concrete hardening process at elevated temperatures.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ (Π’ΠΠ), ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² Π’ΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π’ΠΠ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π’ΠΠ. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Π’ΠΠ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ), ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ (ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ) ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π’ΠΠ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΄ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ (Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°), Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° (ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°). Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π’ΠΠ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ β ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ; Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Π’ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°
The paper describes a technique for assessing the thermally stressed state of a concrete massif of a foundation slab made of a self-compacting concrete mixture. The proposed method consists in a preliminary calculation of temperature fields in hardening concrete. The objects of research have been self-compacting concrete mix and structural concrete in the structureΒ mass. The choice of materials for the preparation of a concrete mixture is given and substantiated. The composition of self-compacting concrete has been used to assess the thermally stressed state. A binder with a reduced exotherm has been used in order to reduce the self-heating of concrete. Studies have been carried out to assess the specific heat release of the recommended cement depending on the initial water-cement ratio. The effect of a chemical additive on the rate and magnitude of the specific heat release of cement has been studied. Β The paper presents the main theoretical provisions and an algorithm for calculating the thermal stress state of a concrete massif. The finite difference method has been used to calculate the expected temperatures and their distribution in the structure mass, and the temperature stresses in the sections of the concrete mass have been calculated to assess the thermally stressed state. The performed calculations of the temperature fields have made it possible to estimate the maximum possible temperatures and temperature differences over the sections of the concrete massif depending on the initial temperature of the concrete mixture and the average daily temperature of the outside air. Analysis of the temperature distribution has revealed the most dangerous sections of the concrete mass. An assessment of the thermal stress state of the concrete mass has been made on the basis of the results pertaining to calculation of temperature fields. The calculation of temperature stresses in the most dangerous sections of the concrete massif has been performed. It is shown that the calculated value of the temperature stress can serve as a characteristic of the thermally stressed state of the concrete mass. The formation of temperature cracks in a concrete mass is possible when the calculated value of the temperature stress exceeds the actual tensile strength of concrete. Comparison of the calculated and actual values of temperatures in the sections of the foundation slab has made it possible to conclude that the calculations of the temperature fields and, as a consequence, possible temperature deformations are correct.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π°. Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΆΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π° Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ» Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π΅
The paper gives comparative test and research results of normal and cubiform crushed stone, basic physical and technical concrete properties (compressive strength, splitting tension, frost resistance and water proofness) on cubiform crushed stone. Application of concrete on cubiform crushed stone is rather rational for products and structures being under conditions of central and eccentric compression.ΠΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Ρ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π΅ (ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ). ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π‘Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄
The paper presents results of the investigations of concrete on crushed fluxing limestone, which is a secondary product of the metallurgical industry. The main physical and mechanical and operating characteristics of concrete on fluxing limestone have been studied. It has been ascertained on the basis of the conducted investigations that fluxing limestone can be used for products and constructions made of heavy-weight concrete along with such aggregates as crushed granite stone and natural gravelΒ ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΉ
Hybridization but No Evidence for Backcrossing and Introgression in a Sympatric Population of Great Reed Warblers and Clamorous Reed Warblers
Hybridization is observed frequently in birds, but often it is not known whether the hybrids are fertile and if backcrossing occurs. The breeding ranges of the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) and the clamorous reed warbler (A. stentoreus) overlap in southern Kazakhstan and a previous study has documented hybridization in a sympatric population. In the present study, we first present a large set of novel microsatellite loci isolated and characterised in great reed warblers. Secondly, we evaluate whether hybridization in the sympatric breeding population has been followed by backcrossing and introgression
Basic Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete on Cubiform Crushed Stone
The paper gives comparative test and research results of normal and cubiform crushed stone, basic physical and technical concrete properties (compressive strength, splitting tension, frost resistance and water proofness) on cubiform crushed stone. Application of concrete on cubiform crushed stone is rather rational for products and structures being under conditions of central and eccentric compression
Characteristics of Concrete with Sedimentary Rock Aggregate
The paper presents results of the investigations of concrete on crushed fluxing limestone, which is a secondary product of the metallurgical industry. The main physical and mechanical and operating characteristics of concrete on fluxing limestone have been studied. It has been ascertained on the basis of the conducted investigations that fluxing limestone can be used for products and constructions made of heavy-weight concrete along with such aggregates as crushed granite stone and natural grave
Ways of calculating the electromagnetic field intensity for assessment of electromagnetic compatibility of radio-monitoring stations
The paper analyzes a possibility of using the verified by international scientific organizations calculation methods of signal attenuation and field intensity along the radio wave propagation path for assessment of electromagnetic compatibility of wideband radio monitoring stations equipped with radio electronic facilities of various purposes
Building an Ontological Information-analytical System to Manage Quality of Double-glazed Windows in the Production of Solar Panels
This paper reports an ontological approach to designing intelligent decision support to control the quality of multi-layered double-glazed windows within the framework of a virtual instrument-building enterprise (VIE) that produces solar energy complexes. It is shown that improving the efficiency in solving the tasks related to managing the quality of VIE products necessitates the application of an ontological engineering toolset to create a unified knowledge space that would cover the manufacturing phase of a product's life cycle. The methodical basis for making an ontological information-analytical system (OIAS) to manage product quality was the tool platform "TODOS" (Ukraine) whose means were used to synthesize a set of ontological models that make up the intelligent core of OIAS. The OIAS knowledge-based inference procedure has been described when making a decision about a deviation in the manufacturing process that led to the emergence of damage. This procedure implies the implementation of direct and reverse inference based on the knowledge in the ontological environment and makes it possible to identify the sources of defects and damage and generate a solution to eliminating these sources. Procedures have been devised to assess the effectiveness of the development and application of OIAS to automate the quality management of multi-layered double-glazed windows. These procedures employ a set of indicators that reflect both the technical and economic components of the quality control process. It has been shown that during 2019 a typical subcontractor enterprise that applied the developed system managed to reduce the number of defective products by about 73 %. Further research areas have been identified, including the development of methodical means and, based on them, the toolsets for the deployment of industrial ontological quality management system