Identifying competencies for taking online courses successfully

Successful online learning if we look outside the didactics but in the field of personal development, from the anthropological bases, is in learner’s identification as an active subject of the learnin

Plasma microRNA levels differ between endurance and strength athletes

Aim: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable in the circulation and are likely to function in inter-organ communication during a variety of metabolic responses that involve changes in gene expression, including exercise training. However, it is unknown whether differences in circulating-miRNA (c-miRNA) levels are characteristic of training modality. Methods: We investigated whether levels of candidate c-miRNAs differ between elite male athletes of two different training modalities (n = 10 per group) - endurance (END) and strength (STR) - and between these groups and untrained controls (CON; n = 10). Fasted, non-exercised, morning plasma samples were analysed for 14 c-miRNAs (miR-1, miR-16-2, miR-20a-1, miR-21, miR-93, miR-103a, miR-133a, miR-146a, miR-192, miR-206, miR-221, miR-222, miR-451, miR-499). Moreover, we investigated whether c-miRNA levels were associated with quantitative performance-related phenotypes within and between groups. Results: miR-222 was present at different levels in the three participant groups (p = 0.028) with the highest levels being observed in END and the lowest in STR. A number of other c-miRNAs were present at higher levels in END than in STR (relative to STR, ± 1 SEM; miR-222: 1.94 fold (1.73-2.18), p = 0.011; miR-21: 1.56 fold (1.39-1.74), p = 0.013; miR-146a: 1.50 fold (1.38-1.64), p = 0.019; miR-221: 1.51 fold (1.34-1.70), p = 0.026). Regression analyses revealed several associations between candidate c-miRNA levels and strength-related performance measures before and after adjustment for muscle or fat mass, but not following adjustment for group. Conclusion: Certain c-miRNAs (miR-222, miR-21, miR-146a and miR-221) differ between endurance- and resistance-trained athletes and thus have potential as useful biomarkers of exercise training and / or play a role in exercise mode-specific training adaptations. However, levels of these c-miRNAs are probably unrelated to muscle bulk or fat reserves

Ilizarov bone transport combined with the Masquelet technique for bone defects of various etiologies (preliminary results)

BACKGROUND: The Ilizarov bone transport (IBT) and the Masquelet induced membrane technique (IMT) have specific merits and shortcomings, but numerous studies have shown their efficacy in the management of extensive long-bone defects of various etiologies, including congenital deficiencies. Combining their strong benefits seems a promising strategy to enhance bone regeneration and reduce the risk of refractures in the management of post-traumatic and congenital defects and nonunion that failed to respond to other treatments. AIM: To combine IBT and IMT for the management of severe tibial defects and pseudarthrosis, and present preliminary results of this technological solution. METHODS: Seven adults with post-traumatic tibial defects (subgroup A) and nine children (subgroup B) with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) were treated with the combination of IMT and IBT after the failure of previous treatments. The mean number of previous surgeries was 2.0 ± 0.2 in subgroup A and 3.3 ± 0.7 in subgroup B. Step 1 included Ilizarov frame placement and spacer introduction into the defect to generate the induced membrane which remained in the interfragmental gap after spacer removal. Step 2 was an osteotomy and bone transport of the fragment through the tunnel in the induced membrane, its compression and docking for consolidation without grafting. The outcomes were retrospectively studied after a mean follow-up of 20.8 ± 2.7 mo in subgroup A and 25.3 ± 2.3 mo in subgroup B. RESULTS: The “true defect” after resection was 13.3 ± 1.7% in subgroup A and 31.0 ± 3.0% in subgroup B relative to the contralateral limb. Upon completion of treatment, defects were filled by 75.4 ± 10.6% and 34.6 ± 4.2%, respectively. Total duration of external fixation was 397 ± 9.2 and 270.1 ± 16.3 d, including spacer retention time of 42.4 ± 4.5 and 55.8 ± 6.6 d, in subgroups A and B, respectively. Bone infection was not observed. Postoperative complications were several cases of pin-tract infection and regenerate deformity in both subgroups. Ischemic regeneration was observed in two cases of subgroup B. Complications were corrected during the course of treatment. Bone union was achieved in all patients of subgroup A and in seven patients of subgroup B. One non-united CPT case was further treated with the Ilizarov compression method only and achieved union. After a follow-up period of two to three years, refractures occurred in four cases of united CPT. CONCLUSION: The combination of IMT and IBT provides good outcomes in post-traumatic tibial defects after previous treatment failure but external fixation is longer due to spacer retention. Refractures may occur in severe CPT

Hygienic assessment of nutrition in a neurological hospital

The article provides a hygienic assessment of nutrition of patients with various spinal injuries who are undergoing rehabilitation in a neurological hospital. The results of the analysis are presented.В статье произведена гигиеническая оценка питания пациентов с различными спинальными травмами, находящихся на реабилитации в неврологическом стационаре. Представлены результаты анализ

Лингвокультурная специфика фразеологических единиц с компонентом-зоонимом в английском и русском языках

The present article is devoted to studying Russian and English phraseological units containing a zoonymic component. The phraseological fund of a language is closely connected with the national culture representing both its international constituent and its uniqueness. The group of phraseological units under consideration is one of the most widely presented in the phraseological fund of the Russian and English languages. Animals symbolise various traits of human character, reflect this or that quality of a person that serves as a basis for creating of a phraseological unit. This article describes the common features and the differences of the linguocultures under consideration which are identified through the definition and linguocultural analysis of phraseological units. The similarities are mostly explained by the common origin of phraseological units, and the differences are based on the dissimilarity and peculiarities of English and Russian peoples’ ways of life, their traditions, customs, religion and geographical location.Данная статья посвящена изучению русских и английских фразеологических единиц с компонентом-зоонимом. На современном этапе развития лингвистическая наука проявляет повышенный интерес к проблеме взаимосвязи языка и культуры. Каждый язык отражает особенности национальной культуры и менталитета народа, понимание которых может вызвать трудности у носителей других языков. Фразеологический фонд национального языка характеризуется высокой степенью национальной самобытности, являясь своеобразным кладезем знаний о культуре народа, поэтому именно фразеологизмы зачастую выступают материалом лингвокультурологических исследований. ассматриваемая нами группа фразеологизмов является одной из широко представленных в фразеологическом фонде английского и русского языков. В данных фразеологических единицах животные символизируют различные положительные и отрицательные черты характера, те или иные личные качества человека, что является основой для создания фразеологизма. Наше исследование нацелено на описание сходств и различий, сопоставляемых лингвокультур, выявленных с помощью дефиниционного и лингвокультурного анализа фразеологических единиц, содержащих компонент-зооним. Сходства в большинстве своём обусловлены общим происхождением фразеологических единиц, тогда как различия основываются на отличиях и особенностях быта, традиций и обычаев, религии и географическом положении народов

Формальная модель семантики художественного текста (на материале русских пословиц)

In the article the formal model of proverb semantics is suggested. The proverb statement is considered as a construction of two semantic oppositions and a so called mythological equation. The opposition lexicon forms a sort of semantic network. This model is to be used as the intellectual module kernel in the information system METAPHORA developed to process proverbs at the semantic aspect.Предпринята попытка построения формальной модели, отражающей суть моральных предписаний, заключенных в текстах русских пословиц. Модель включает четыре компонента: две оппозиции, связывающее их т.н. "мифологическое" тождество и конфигурацию связи. Модель позволяет применять процедуры интеллектуальной обработки текстов: проводить статистический анализ устойчивых (часто воспроизводящихся) связок оппозиции + тождество; осуществлять информационный поиск по семантике текста с возможностью формулирования сложных запросов, например выдать посло¬вицы о "негативных последствиях глупости". На основе модели была реализована информационно-аналитическая система МЕТАФОРА, находящаяся в открытом доступе в сети Интернет по адресу http://www.metaphora2.ru/

Estimation of the effect of harmful industrial factors on the health condition of surgeons of general practice and traumatologists

The article presents the results of a photogoniometric study of the working posture of surgeons, data from an instrumental study of the parameters of the microclimate and lighting, statistical data from a questionnaire survey of employees of the operating theatre about working conditions and health, analysis of these data.В статье представлены результаты фотогониометрического исследования рабочей позы хирургов, данные инструментального исследования параметров микроклимата и освещения, статистические данные анкетного опроса сотрудников операционного блока по вопросам условий труда и состояния здоровья, анализ этих данных

Common Patterns of Prediction of Literacy Development in Different Alphabetic Orthographies

We are grateful to Brett Kessler for computing the consistency estimates in each of the four languages of this studyPrevious studies have shown that phoneme awareness, letter-sound knowledge, rapid automatized naming (RAN), and verbal memory span are reliable correlates of learning to read in English. However, the extent to which these different predictors have the same relative importance in different languages remains uncertain. In this article, we present the results from a 10-month longitudinal study that began just before or soon after the start of formal literacy instruction in four languages (English, Spanish, Slovak, and Czech). Longitudinal path analyses showed that phoneme awareness, letter-sound knowledge, and RAN (but not verbal memory span) measured at the onset of literacy instruction were reliable predictors, with similar relative importance, of later reading and spelling skills across the four languages. These data support the suggestion that in all alphabetic orthographies, phoneme awareness, letter-sound knowledge, and RAN may tap cognitive processes that are important for learning to read.Grant PITN-215961 – ELDEL from the Marie Curie, Seventh Framework Programm