Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in drinking water

A study was conducted in the Cochin area of India to determine the effect of drinking water on Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a bacterium that contaminates fish harvested from marine and estuarine environments. Times of fresh-water exposure required to inactivate these bacteria are given. Findings indicate that the washing of fish and equipment used to handle the fish in drinking water may decrease in the number of viable Vibrio cells and thus aid in prevention of food poisoning

CONGRUENCES MODULO 2 FOR CERTAIN PARTITION FUNCTIONS

DOI: 10.1017/S000497271500136

Congruences for Overpartitions with Restricted Odd Differences

In recent work, Bringmann et al. used q-difference equations to compute a two-variable q-hypergeometric generating function for the number of overpartitions where (i) the difference between two successive parts may be odd only if the larger of the two is overlined, and (ii) if the smallest part is odd then it is overlined, given by t ¯ ( n ) . They also established the two-variable generating function for the same overpartitions where (i) consecutive parts differ by a multiple of ( k + 1 ) unless the larger of the two is overlined, and (ii) the smallest part is overlined unless it is divisible by k + 1 , enumerated by t ¯ ( k ) ( n ) . As an application they proved that t ¯ ( n ) = 0 ( mod 3 ) if n is not a square. In this paper, we extend the study of congruence properties of t ¯ ( n ) , and we prove congruences modulo 3 and 6 for t ¯ ( n ) , congruences modulo 2 and 4 for t ¯ ( 3 ) ( n ) and t ¯ ( 7 ) ( n ) , congruences modulo 4 and 5 for t ¯ ( 4 ) ( n ) , and congruences modulo 3, 6 and 12 for t ¯ ( 8 ) ( n )

Implicit Self-supervised Language Representation for Spoken Language Diarization

In a code-switched (CS) scenario, the use of spoken language diarization (LD) as a pre-possessing system is essential. Further, the use of implicit frameworks is preferable over the explicit framework, as it can be easily adapted to deal with low/zero resource languages. Inspired by speaker diarization (SD) literature, three frameworks based on (1) fixed segmentation, (2) change point-based segmentation and (3) E2E are proposed to perform LD. The initial exploration with synthetic TTSF-LD dataset shows, using x-vector as implicit language representation with appropriate analysis window length ($N$) can able to achieve at per performance with explicit LD. The best implicit LD performance of $6.38$ in terms of Jaccard error rate (JER) is achieved by using the E2E framework. However, considering the E2E framework the performance of implicit LD degrades to $60.4$ while using with practical Microsoft CS (MSCS) dataset. The difference in performance is mostly due to the distributional difference between the monolingual segment duration of secondary language in the MSCS and TTSF-LD datasets. Moreover, to avoid segment smoothing, the smaller duration of the monolingual segment suggests the use of a small value of $N$. At the same time with small $N$, the x-vector representation is unable to capture the required language discrimination due to the acoustic similarity, as the same speaker is speaking both languages. Therefore, to resolve the issue a self-supervised implicit language representation is proposed in this study. In comparison with the x-vector representation, the proposed representation provides a relative improvement of $63.9\%$ and achieved a JER of $21.8$ using the E2E framework.Comment: Planning to Submit in IEEE-JSTS

EXTENDED EXPECTRUM BETALACTAMASES IN UROPATHOGEN

Background: Urinary tract is the second most common site of bacterial infections in humans. Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) that possess Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes have proven to be a concern to the medical community because of their high resistance rates to 3rd generation cephalosporins. ESBLs production has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates and has been reported in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBLs are emerging worldwide, making rapid and adequate ESBLs detection crucial for the choice of correct antimicrobial therapy. The aim of the study is to determine the profile of uropathogen, their antibiogram and detection of ESBLs producing strains. Materials and methods: Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of organism was done by standard Microbiological procedure. For Gram-negative bacilli ESBLs production was detected by DDST as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Three hundred urine specimens were studied. Significant bacteriuria was present in 35% of specimen. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli 52.4%. The Resistance pattern of uropathogens was for amikacin (AK) 19.04%, nitrofurantoin (NIT) 40%. We found 55% Gram-negative uropathogen harbored the ESBLs. Majority of ESBLs seen in Klebsiella pneumoniae 60% and Escherichia coli 55%. The ESBLs producing Escherichia coli were highly susceptible to Imipenum 90.90% and Meropenem 94.45%. Conclusions: Escherichia coli are the commonest cause of UTI. Majority of UTI are mono-microbial. Screening of multidrug resistant bacteria especially GNB poses considerable therapeutic challenges in critical care patients because of the production of ESBLs. Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin are the most suitable antibiotics for treatment. Key words: UTI, Uropathogen, Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL   &nbsp

Congruences for (2, 3)-regular partition with designated summands

Let $PD_{2, 3}(n)$ count the number of partitions of $n$ with designated summands in which parts are not multiples of $2$ or $3$. In this work, we establish congruences modulo powers of 2 and 3 for $PD_{2, 3}(n)$. For example, for each \quad $n\ge0$ and $\alpha\geq0$ \quad $PD_{2, 3}(6\cdot4^{\alpha+2}n+5\cdot4^{\alpha+2})\equiv 0 \pmod{2^4}$ and $PD_{2, 3}(4\cdot3^{\alpha+3}n+10\cdot3^{\alpha+2})\equiv 0 \pmod{3}.

Speaker Recognition using Supra-segmental Level Excitation Information

Speaker specific information present in the excitation signal is mostly viewed from sub-segmental, segmental and supra-segmental levels. In this work, the supra-segmental level information is explored for recognizing speakers. Earlier study has shown that, combined use of pitch and epoch strength vectors provides useful supra-segmental information. However, the speaker recognition accuracy achieved by supra-segmental level feature is relatively poor than other levels source information. May be the modulation information present at the supra-segmental level of the excitation signal is not manifested properly in pith and epoch strength vectors. We propose a method to model the supra-segmental level modulation information from residual mel frequency cepstral coefficient (R-MFCC) trajectories. The evidences from R-MFCC trajectories combined with pitch and epoch strength vectors are proposed to represent supra-segmental information. Experimental results show that compared to pitch and epoch strength vectors, the proposed approach provides relatively improved performance. Further, the proposed supra-segmental level information is relatively more complimentary to other levels information

Significance of Vowel Onset Point Information for Speaker Verification

This work demonstrates the significance of information about vowel onset points (VOPs) for speaker verification. VOP is defined as the instant at which the onset of vowel takes place. Vowel-like regions can be identified using VOPs. By production, vowel-like regions have impulse-like excitation and therefore impulse-response of vocal tract system is better manifested in them, and are relatively high signal to noise ratio (SNR) regions. Speaker information extracted from such regions may therefore be more discriminative. Due to this better speaker modeling and reliable testing may be possible using the features extracted from vowel-like regions. It is demonstrated in this work that for clean and matched conditions, relatively less number of frames from vowel-like regions are sufficient for speaker modeling and testing. Alternatively, for degraded and mismatched conditions, vowel-like regions provide better performanc