Impact of diesel vehicular emissions on ambient black carbon concentration at an urban location in India

Vehicular emissions in the urban areas are known to contribute significantly to aerosol black carbon (BC) loading to the atmosphere. Quantification of BC emissions is important from the climate research point of view, as the BC aerosols strongly absorb solar radiation. A case study has been carried out in an urban area, Hyderabad, to assess the impact of emissions associated with truck transport on ambient BC concentration. The study was carried out during the recent nationwide truck strike of April 2003. The results indicate a significant reduction in the BC loading associated with withdrawal of the trucks. The decrease was gradual, while the recovery was almost immediate

Lymphatic Function in Autoimmune Diseases

Lymphatic vessels are critical for clearing fluid and inflammatory cells from inflamed tissues and also have roles in immune tolerance. Given the functional association of the lymphatics with the immune system, lymphatic dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiology of rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Here we review the current understanding of the role of lymphatics in the autoimmune diseases rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus, and dermatomyositis and consider the possibility that manual therapies such as massage and acupuncture may be useful in improving lymphatic function in autoimmune diseases

Selective Estrogen Receptor Down-Regulator and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Differentially Regulate Lactotroph Proliferation

occupation, differentially modulates the biological outcome of anti-estrogens. expression and release, as well as ERE-mediated transcriptional activity. expression

Design and syntheses of highly potent teixobactin analogues against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) in vitro and in vivo

The cyclic depsipeptide, teixobactin kills a number of Gram positive bacteria including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis without detectable resistance. To date, teixobactin is the only molecule in its class which has shown in vivo antibacterial efficacy. There have been no in vivo evaluation studies on teixobactin analogues. In this work, we have designed and synthesized 10 new in vivo ready teixobactin analogues. These analogues showed highly potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) in vitro. One analogue, D-Arg4-Leu10-teixobactin 2 was found to be non-cytotoxic in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, in a mice model of S. aureus keratitis, topical instillation of peptide 2 decreased the bacterial bioburden (>99.0% reduction) and corneal edema significantly when compared to untreated cornea. Collectively, our results establish the excellent therapeutic potential of teixobactin analogue in attenuating bacterial infections and the associated severities

RIGHT NUCLEUS IN GENERALIZED RIGHT ALTERNATIVE RINGS

Some properties of the right nucleus in generalized right alternative rings have been presented in this paper. In a generalized right alternative ring R which is finitely generated or free of locally nilpotent ideals, the right nucleus Nr equals the center C. Also, if R is prime and Nr  C, then the associator ideal of R is locally nilpotent. Seong Nam [5] studied the properties of the right nucleus in right alternative algebra. He showed that if R is a prime right alternative algebra of char. ≠ 2 and Right nucleus Nr is not equal to the center C, then the associator ideal of R is locally nilpotent. But the problem arises when it come with the study of generalized right alternative ring as the ring dose not absorb the right alternative identity. In this paper we consider our ring to be generalized right alternative ring and try to prove the results of Seong Nam [5]. At the end of this paper we give an example to show that the generalized right alternative ring is not right alternative

Effects of reinforcement form on the behavior of geosynthetic reinforced sand

This paper studies the effects of reinforcement form on strength improvement of geosynthetic-reinforced sand through triaxial compression tests. Samples of sand reinforced with geosynthetics in three different forms, viz. horizontal layers, geocells, and randomly distributed discrete fibers are tested in triaxial compression and results are analyzed to understand the strength improvement in sand due to reinforcement in different forms. Three types of geosynthetics—geotextile, geogrid, and polyester film are used for reinforcing sand in layer form. Two types of geosynthetics—geotextile and polyester film are used in tests on geocells. Polyester film is used in all the three forms of reinforcement viz. planar, cellular, and discrete fiber reinforcement. Among the three forms of reinforcement, cellular form of reinforcement is found to be more effective in improving the strength. The discrete fiber form of reinforcement used in the studies is found to be inferior compared to the other two forms. The scale effects involved in the results obtained from the triaxial tests on small size samples of reinforced sand are discussed and the qualitative importance of the results is demonstrated through comparisons with theoretical computations

Effect of aerosols on erythemal ultraviolet radiation

56-61The present study reports, for the first time, on seasonal variation of UV erythema (UVery) and its relation with aerosols over a typical urban environment of Hyderabad, India during 2001-2003. Drastic reduction in UV intensities has been observed during periods of high aerosol loading. Comparison of UVery intensities with aerosol optical depth on normal summer day and a day after heavy rainfall suggests ~45% increase in UVery intensities because of scavenging of particles in the atmosphere. Total columnar ozone showed negative correlation with UVery. The results are discussed in the paper

Investigations on sand reinforced with different geosynthetics

This paper presents results of triaxial compression tests on sand reinforced with different types of geosynthetics in different layer configurations to study the effect of quantity of reinforcement and tensile strength of the geosynthetic material on the mechanical behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced sand. The reinforcement types used are woven geotextile, geogrid, and polyester film. The layer configurations used are two, three, four, and eight horizontal reinforcing layers in a triaxial test sample. From the triaxial tests, it is found that the geosynthetic reinforcement imparts cohesive strength to otherwise cohesionless sand. The effect of reinforcement on the friction angle was found to be insignificant. The magnitude of imparted apparent cohesion is found to depend not only on the tensile strength of the geosynthetic material but also the surface roughness changes during loading. Special triaxial tests using rice flour as the reinforced medium, microscopic images, and surface roughness studies revealed the effect of indent formation on the surface of polyester film, which was the reason for the unusually high strength exhibited by the sand reinforced with polyester film