907 research outputs found
Photonic quasicrystals for general purpose nonlinear optical frequency conversion
We present a general method for the design of 2-dimensional nonlinear
photonic quasicrystals that can be utilized for the simultaneous phase-matching
of arbitrary optical frequency-conversion processes. The proposed scheme--based
on the generalized dual-grid method that is used for constructing tiling models
of quasicrystals--gives complete design flexibility, removing any constraints
imposed by previous approaches. As an example we demonstrate the design of a
color fan--a nonlinear photonic quasicrystal whose input is a single wave at
frequency and whose output consists of the second, third, and fourth
harmonics of , each in a different spatial direction
Multistep cascading and fourth-harmonic generation
We apply the concept of multistep cascading to the problem of fourth-harmonic
generation in a single quadratic crystal. We analyze a new model of parametric
wave mixing and describe its stationary solutions for two- and three-color
plane waves and spatial solitons. Some applications to the optical frequency
division as well as the realization of the double-phase-matching processes in
engineered QPM structures with phase reversal sequences are also discussed.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure
Lipid raft microdomain compartmentalization of TC10 is required for insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocation.
Recent studies indicate that insulin stimulation of glucose transporter (GLUT)4 translocation requires at least two distinct insulin receptor-mediated signals: one leading to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI-3) kinase and the other to the activation of the small GTP binding protein TC10. We now demonstrate that TC10 is processed through the secretory membrane trafficking system and localizes to caveolin-enriched lipid raft microdomains. Although insulin activated the wild-type TC10 protein and a TC10/H-Ras chimera that were targeted to lipid raft microdomains, it was unable to activate a TC10/K-Ras chimera that was directed to the nonlipid raft domains. Similarly, only the lipid raft-localized TC10/ H-Ras chimera inhibited GLUT4 translocation, whereas the TC10/K-Ras chimera showed no significant inhibitory activity. Furthermore, disruption of lipid raft microdomains by expression of a dominant-interfering caveolin 3 mutant (Cav3/DGV) inhibited the insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and TC10 lipid raft localization and activation without affecting PI-3 kinase signaling. These data demonstrate that the insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes requires the spatial separation and distinct compartmentalization of the PI-3 kinase and TC10 signaling pathways
Generation of the second-harmonic Bessel beams via nonlinear Bragg diffraction
We generate conical second-harmonic radiation by transverse excitation of a
two-dimensional annular periodically-poled nonlinear photonic structure with a
fundamental Gaussian beam. We show that these conical waves are the far-field
images of the Bessel beams generated in a crystal by parametric frequency
conversion assisted by nonlinear Bragg diffraction.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. submitte
Turning light into a liquid via atomic coherence
We study a four level atomic system with electromagnetically induced
transparency with giant and susceptibilities of
opposite signs. This system would allow to obtain multidimensional solitons and
light condensates with surface tension properties analogous to those of usual
liquids
Saturation effects in the sub-Doppler spectroscopy of Cesium vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell
Saturation effects affecting absorption and fluorescence spectra of an atomic
vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell (cell thickness ) are
investigated experimentally and theoretically. The study is performed on the
line ( of and concentrates on the two
situations and , the most contrasted ones with
respect to the length dependence of the coherent Dicke narrowing. For , the Dicke-narrowed absorption profile simply broadens and
saturates in amplitude when increasing the light intensity, while for , sub-Doppler dips of reduced absorption at line-center appear on the
broad absorption profile. For a fluorescence detection at ,
saturation induces narrow dips, but only for hyperfine components undergoing a
population loss through optical pumping. These experimental results are
interpreted with the help of the various existing models, and are compared with
numerical calculations based upon a two-level modelling that considers both a
closed and an open system.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure
Parametric localized modes in quadratic nonlinear photonic structures
We analyze two-color spatially localized modes formed by parametrically
coupled fundamental and second-harmonic fields excited at quadratic (or chi-2)
nonlinear interfaces embedded into a linear layered structure --- a
quasi-one-dimensional quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal. For a periodic
lattice of nonlinear interfaces, we derive an effective discrete model for the
amplitudes of the fundamental and second-harmonic waves at the interfaces (the
so-called discrete chi-2 equations), and find, numerically and analytically,
the spatially localized solutions --- discrete gap solitons. For a single
nonlinear interface in a linear superlattice, we study the properties of
two-color localized modes, and describe both similarities and differences with
quadratic solitons in homogeneous media.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Virtually Augmented Self-Hypnosis applied to endovascular interventions (VA-HYPO): Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.
Endovascular interventions (EVI) are increasingly performed as minimally-invasive alternatives to surgery and have many advantages, including a decreased need for general anesthesia. However, EVI can be stressful for patients and often lead to anxiety and pain related to the procedure. The use of local anesthetics, anxiolytics, and analgesic drugs can help avoid general anesthesia. Nevertheless, these drugs have potential side effects. Alternative nonpharmacological therapies can improve patients' experience during conscious interventions and reduce the need for additional medications. The added value of virtually augmented self-hypnosis (VA-HYPO) and its potential to reduce pain and anxiety during peripheral and visceral arterial and venous EVI is unknown. This is a prospective two-arm trial designed to randomize 100 patients in two groups according to the use or not of VA-HYPO during peripheral EVI as a complementary nonpharmacological technique to improve patient comfort. The main objective is to compare per-procedural anxiety, and the secondary aim is to compare the rated per-procedural pain in both groups. The potential significance is that VA-HYPO may improve patients' experience during peripheral and visceral arterial and venous EVI and other minimally invasive interventions performed under local anesthesia. Trial registration: Our study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov, with trial registration number: NCT04561596
Selective Reflection Spectroscopy on the UV Third Resonance Line of Cs : Simultaneous Probing of a van der Waals Atom-Surface Interaction Sensitive to Far IR Couplings and of Interatomic Collisions
We report on the analysis of FM selective reflection experiments on the
6S1/2->8P3/2 transition of Cs at 388 nm, and on the measurement of the surface
van der Waals interaction exerted by a sapphire interface on Cs(8P3/2). Various
improvements in the systematic fitting of the experiments have permitted to
supersede the major difficulty of a severe overlap of the hyperfine components,
originating on the one hand in a relatively small natural structure, and on the
other hand on a large pressure broadening imposed by the high atomic density
needed for the observation of selective reflection on a weak transition. The
strength of the van der Waals surface interaction is evaluated to be 7310
kHz.m3. An evaluation of the pressure shift of the transition is also
provided as a by-product of the measurement. We finally discuss the
significance of an apparent disagreement between the experimental measurement
of the surface interaction, and the theoretical value calculated for an
electromagnetic vacuum at a null temperature. The possible influence of the
thermal excitation of the surface is evoked, because, the dominant
contributions to the vW interaction for Cs(8P3/2) lie in the far infrared
range.Comment: submitted to Laser Physics - issue in the memory of Herbert Walther
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