Non invasive and surgical measurement of length of soft tissue from the tip of interdental papilla to the alveolar crest

AbstractBackgroundVarious methods, including clinical and radiographic techniques, can be used to assess periodontal regeneration in interproximal areas. The goal of the present study was to compare the papilla length relative to the alveolar bone crest measured by clinical, intrasurgical, and radiographic techniques.Materials and methodsThe study sample included 250 interproximal papillae in 68 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. The papilla length from the alveolar bone crest was measured clinically (as the actual papilla length, APL), intrasurgically (as the bone probing length, BPL), and radiographically (as the radiographic bone length, RBL). Measurements were standardized by using acrylic resin stents, XCP rinn, a paralleling technique, and/or a radiographic grid.ResultsThe mean (± standard deviation) for RBL was 4.9±0.8mm, BPL was 5.1±0.6mm, and APL was 5.1±0.6mm. Correlations between RBL and APL and between BPL and APL were 0.918 and 0.943, respectively (both P<0.01).ConclusionsIf the clinical recordings are appropriately standardized, then noninvasive radiographic methods can be used to evaluate the papilla length with good accuracy

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET OF CHLORPHENERAMINE MALEATE BY SUBLIMATION TECHNIQUE

Objective: Chlorpheneramine maleate is a first-generation antihistamine drug used in the treatment of allergic conditions like rhinitis, urticaria, and cough cold, etc. In present work, the challenge has been made to develop an orally disintegrating tablet of chlorpheneramine maleate with an increase in bioavailability and patient compliance. Methods: The sublimation technique was used to prepare orally disintegrating tablets. Porous tablet prepared after sublimation of camphor at 60 °C in a hot air oven for 60 min. In the research work, 32full factorial design used to find out the effect of two variables like the amount of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium. Results: All prepared formulations were analyzed for various parameters. DSC of pure drug and optimized formulation A (9) showed purity of sample and compatibility of all ingredients with each other. In FTIR study of pure drug and optimized formulation A (9) no major shifts were seen. An optimized formulation (A9) was found to have good hardness (3.2 kg/cm2), friability (&lt;1%), disintegration time (26 s), % drug release (99.77 %) within 6 min. Conclusion: The result obtained showed that orally disintegrating tablet of chlorpheneramine maleate enhances dissolution rate, improves bioavailability which will improve patient compliance

Assessment of genetic variability among rabbit breeds by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR

[EN] Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was employed to assess the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship among three broiler rabbit breeds. Ten individuals from each rabbit breed viz. White Giant (WG), Soviet Chinchilla (SC) and Grey Giant (GG) was taken for the study. Initially, 40 RAPD primers were screened, of which six primers were found polymorphic and they were further utilized to assess the genetic variability among these breeds. The band sharing frequencies (BSF) were computed within and between breeds. The overall BSF value within breed was highest in WG (0.846±0.02) and GG (0.846±0.01), while lowest in SC (0.818±0.02). However, between breeds, BSF value was found higher in SC-GG (0.805± 0.01) followed by WG-SC (0.792±0.02) and WG-GG (0.790±0.02). Overall, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in BSF values within and between breeds. The BSF value indicated low genetic variability within the breed as compared to between breeds. The Nei's genetic distance (D) was found highest between WG-GG (D=0.1605) followed by WG-SC (D=0.1403) and SC-GG (D=0.1295). The phylogenetic relationship among breeds was analyzed and dendrogram revealed that SC and GG are more closer, while WG-GG are distant to each other. The study suggests that RAPD can be successfully utilized for detecting genetic variation among rabbit breeds.Rangoju, P.; Kumar, S.; Kolte, A.; Gulyani, R.; Singh, V. (2007). Assessment of genetic variability among rabbit breeds by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. World Rabbit Science. 15(1):3-8. doi:10.4995/wrs.2007.6113815

Fungicidal effect of some non-conventional chemicals for management of alternaria blight disease of mustard

Alternaria blight disease of mustard caused by a necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. Is one of the most important limiting factors, causing yield losses of up to 47% in mustard (Brassica juncea). The aim of this present investigation was to evaluate the fungicidal effect of non-conventional chemicals viz. calcium sulphate (CaSO4), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulphate (K2SO4), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O) against alternaria blight disease of mustard. The significantly minimum size of spot was recorded in T1 CaS at 0.5% (1.73) followed by T3 CaS at 1.5% (1.75) and T2 CaS at 1.0% (1.78) respectively in comparison to check. The minimum number of average leaf spots/25 mm2 leaf area was observed in T3 CaS at 1.5% (1.78) followed by T1 CaS at 0.5% (2.26). T1 CaS @ at 0.5% showed significantly lowest disease index (13.00%) followed by T15 NaB at 0.75% (17.77%) and T8 KS at 1.0% (18.00%) respectively over check. The average minimum apparent infection rate was recorded in T1 CaS at 0.5% ( 0.504) followed by T9 KS at 1.5% (0.553) and T3 CaS at 1.5% (0.573) respectively. The AUDPC was significantly minimum in all the treatments of CaSO4 i.e. in T1 CaS at 0.5% (32.25), T2 CaS at 1.0% (33.8) and T3 CaS at 1.5% (35.55) in comparison to check (77.95). The foliar spray of CaSO4 at 0.5% concentration induced resistance significantly against alternaria blight and reduce pesticide residue in food and environment

In vitro and in vivo effect of eco-friendly chemicals on alternaria blight disease (Alternaria brassicae) and yield attributes in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

The present investigation was done to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of five eco-friendly chemicals in vitro and in vivo, on the management of alternaria blight and yield attributes in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea cv. Varuna). Out of five eco-friendly chemicals, K2SO4 1000 ppm (64.28%) followed by ZnSO4 1000 ppm (63.88%) showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth in comparison to check. 0.5% concentration of KCl (57.06%) followed by CaSO4 (59.50%) and K2SO4 (62.20%) showed significantly maximum effect on spore germination in comparison to check (74.60%). Spore intensity significantly increased by all the treatments except CaSO4 at 0.5% (40.18%) followed by K2SO4 at 0.5% (29.86%) and ZnSO4 0.75% (5.11% reduction) in comparison to check. The significantly minimum disease index on leaf over check was found by foliar spray of CaSO4 at 0.5%(23.58%) followed by CaSO4 at 1.5% (24.00%) and Na2B4O7.10H2O at 1.5% (24.08%). Na2B4O7.10H2O at 0.75% showed significantly lowest disease index (23.91%) on pod followed by K2SO4 at 1.5% (25.75%) and KCl at 1.5% (26.00%) in comparison to check. CaSO4 at 1.0% showed maximum number of primary branches (7.00), number of secondary branches (13.00) and total yield/ha (1917.30 kg/ha) in comparison to check. The results obtained from the present study suggested that K2SO4 showed maximum in vitro effect on Alternaria brassicae and CaSO4 and Na2B4O7.10H2O are providing maximum reduction of disease and increase in seed yield/ha that leads to efficient alternaria blight disease management strategies in field condition. These eco-friendly chemicals can protect the crops from alternaria blight diseases and increase the production and productivity of the Indian mustard crop

ETIOPATHOGENESIS & SHATKRIYAKALA OF MUTRAKRUCCHA (DYSURIA ): A REVIEW STUDY

Now a days, it is seems that several patients are suffering from different types of disorders of Mutravaha Srotas. So, each physician should know the details like nidana (etiological factor), samprapti (pathogenesis), lakshanas(symptoms), sadhyaa-sadhyata (prognosis), updrava(complication), chikitsa (management) of disorders. Mutrakrucha  is one of the important disease of mutravaha srotas. The word †MUTRAKRUCHA †means dysuria is a symptom of pain , discomfort ,or burning when urinating. Cause due to infection  can occure in any part of urinary tract including kidney ,ureter , bladder, urethra. burning micturation is an cardinal features.Exercises, strong potential drugs, excessive indulgence of row alcohol, Ingestionof flesh of wet landed animals &amp; fishes, Eating again before digestion of previous food &amp; indigestion. This factors causes dushti of mutravaha srotas are also may be considered as nidana of Mutrakrucha. Due to this causative factors the doshas get aggravated.  Mutrakrichha, the vitiated Pitta Dosha along with Vata (mainly Apana Vayu) on reaching Vasti (bladder) afflicts the Mutravaha Srotas due to which the patient feels difficulty in micturition along with symptoms like Peeta mutrata, Sarakta mutrata, Sadaha mutrata, Saruja mutrata and Muhur-muhur mutrata. The above mentioned symptomatology has close resemblance with urinary tract infections. up with urine &amp; hence painful urination is accompanied by changes in urine flow such as dribbling , difficulty intiating flow , increased frequency or need to  urinate . Here due to influence over apana vata cited at Basti pradeha(Bladder)the pathology continues &amp; painful urination  is caused. here. Shatkriyakala explains the pathogenesis of a disease in stages right from the incubation period to complete manifestation &amp; later consequences of disease. Hence, I am  review this , mentioned Shatkriyakala of Mutrakrucha  which should be important to managed in early stage (sanchay avastha) and to prevent further complication

Alternaria blight of oilseed brassicas: A review on management strategies through conventional, non-conventional and biotechnological approaches

Oilseed Brassicas are contributing approximately 28 percent of the India’s total oilseed production. This crop is gaining wide acceptance among t he f a rme r s b e ca u s e of adaptability for both irrigated as well as rainfed areas and suitability for sole as well as mixed cropping. Besides, it offers higher return with low cost of production and low water requirement. The production and productivity of oilseed brassicas are comparatively lower as compared to the world average due to the biotic and abiotic constraints. Among the biotic constraints, alternaria blight disease caused by Alternaria spp. has been reported from all the continents of the world, causing up to 70% yield losses in India. This disease was found on leaves, stems and siliquae and dark spots on the leaves and siliquae reduce the photosynthetic capacity and induce immature ripening, which causes reduced amount of quality seed and oil content. The severity of this disease depends upon weather conditions, varieties, age of host plants and virulence of the pathogens. Efforts are being done throughout the world for the management of alternaria blight of rapeseed-mustard. This paper comprehensively reviews the research of alternaria blight of rapeseed-mustard with special reference to management strategies through conventional, non conventional and biotechnological approaches that leads to planning the future research. The present scenario demands the traditional and modern biotechnological techniques bringing together for integrated disease management according to the need and availability at farmers level for sustainable management of alternaria blight disease of oilseed brassicas

Gamma Radiation Induced Formation of Iodine Monochloride in Iodine in Some Aromatic Chlorinated Solvents

Abstract: Gamma radiation induced formation of ICl in aerated and deaerated solutions of iodine in some aromatic chlorinated solvents has been studied for different concentrations and γ dosages. G values for formation of ICl and decomposition of I 2 were determined in gamma radiolysis of aerated and deaerated solutions of I 2 in 1,2-dichlorobenzene(1,2-DCB), 1,3-dichlorobenzene(1,3-DCB), 2-chlorotoluene, 3-chlorotoluene and benzotrichloride. G(ICl) values have been found to decrease in the following order 2-chlorotoluene &lt; 3-chlorotoluene &lt; 1,2-DCB &lt; 1,3-DCB &lt; benzotrichloride. G(ICl) is slightly higher in aerated solutions than in deaerated solutions and is found to be dependent on the structure of the parent organic molecule