Linear and nonlinear relationship of wheat storage characteristics

EN: The article deals with the linear and nonlinear dependencies that predict performance of wheat storage at certain temperatures and storage period. Such parameters of wheat quality as gluten and gluten deformation index after cooling in the granary were determined. Indicators at different temperatures during storage of grain were compared. Experimental data have been processed in Math Cad. Experimental and theoretical values have been analyzed. We came to the conclusion that values deviations are minor, so obtained mathematical model is adequate and enables to predict grain yield depending on the storage temperature with sufficient degree of accuracy. Presented linear and curvilinear relationships between gluten and wheat gluten deformation index allow predicting the technological parameters that affect the quality of gluten. The models equations of linear and nonlinear dependence for gluten and gluten deformation index are presented. The obtained results showed that cooling used in a granary makes it possible to improve the technological parameters that define baking properties of wheat grain particularly the quantity and quality of gluten

Research into usage efficiency of the pulsation machine with a vibrating rotor for milk homogenization

The modification of rotor-pulsation machine – pulsation machine with a vibrating rotor (PM with VR) has been researched in the work. Rotor in such modification not only rotates but also oscillates axially with the frequency about 3000 min-1 and amplitude 0,5–1,0 mm. The aim of this research was to define specific features of milk homogenization process in PM with VR and disperse characteristics of milk emulsion. Analytical researches resulted in finding dependence of milk emulsion acceleration as a main factor of milk fat particles breakup subject to the design and kinematic parameters of PM with VR. Experimental researches were carried out on the laboratory setup of the pulsation machine with a vibrating rotor which was designed by the authors. The subject of experimental researches is cow’s milk. The sizes of milk fat globules after homogenization were measured by the optical microscope equipped with a digital camera. The researches resulted in defining characteristics of milk emulsion dispersing in PM with VR. Thus acceleration grows when diameter, oscillation amplitude and rotation frequency of the rotor are increased, and channels length of the rotor and stator, the gap between them are decreased and the number of rotor openings is 4 or less. Empirical dependence between the average diameter of the fat globule (0,7–1,9 μm) and the average emulsion acceleration ((1–10)×103 m/s2) in the interrupter of PM with VR is defined which proves that the emulsion flow acceleration is the main cause of homogenization of PM with VR with 92 % confidence. High quality of the milk emulsion after processing in PM with VR has been proved. The crankshaft rotation frequencies up to 2880 rpm and rotor oscillation amplitude of 1 mm enable to receive milk emulsion with the average dispersion about 0,8 μm that corroborates using PM with VR in the industrial conditions for milk homogenization to be perspective

Theory of motion of grain mixture particle in the process of aspiration separation

The paper describes the development of a mathematical model for the motion of a seed mixture particle in the aspiration channel of the separator after the particle passes the cone-shaped spreader and enters the workspace of the aspiration channel in the pneumatic dynamics and vibration unit devised by the authors. The unique feature of the proposed new design is the presence of the central pipe with sail members in the aspiration channel. The sail members in the air stream generate the self-oscillatory mode of motion of the central pipe, which results in the efficient separation of the grain seed mixture into the required fractions. On the basis of the prepared equivalent schematic model, the differential equations of the motion of a seed mixture particle in the process of aspiration separation have been generated. Basing on the results of the PC-assisted numerical modelling of the motion paths, on which the material particles (seeds) of the heavy and medium fractions travel, it has been established that they move on different courses, and the course of the heavy fraction seeds is such that, after they pass the cone-shaped spreader and advance further in the air stream through the space of the aspiration channel, they move closer to the pipe of the aspiration channel. Also, their velocities and accelerations are greater than the same kinematic parameters of the medium fraction seeds. The seeds of the light fraction move upwards under the action of the air stream and leave the aspiration separator at its top

Theory of grain mixture particle motion during aspiration separation

The practice of separating grain mixtures with the use of the difference in the aerodynamic properties of their components has proved that the process of separating mixtures in the aspiration separator is the most promising one with regard to the improvement of quality and intensification of production. The authors have developed a new improved design of aspiration seed separators, in which the work process of separating seed material is performed with the use of vibration processes. In this seed material separator, the constant force air flow that acts on the sail members on the central pipe of the separator, when seeds are fed for processing, generates self-excited oscillations in the pipe, which produces centrifugal forces of inertia in the seed feeding system. As a result of the mentioned effect, the propelling force in the process under study substantially increases, accelerating the seeds of different fractions, which differ in their masses, to different velocities. The motion paths of the seed particles change accordingly, heavier particles moving closer to the vertical axis of the aspiration channel, which provides for increasing the efficiency of separation of the seeds of different fractions from each other. In this paper, a new mathematical model is developed for the motion of a seed mixture material particle in the operating space of the separator’s aspiration channel. The mathematical modelling of the process of vibration and aspiration separation has indicated that the separation of the motion paths of the medium and heavy fractions takes place within the range of 20–40 mm; the flying speed of the particles is equal to 3.2–8.0 m s–1, respectively; and their acceleration is equal to 1.8– 3.3 m s–2, which provides the necessary conditions for the accurate and high quality separation into the required fractions. In view of the found differences between the kinematic characteristics of the separated fractions of the grain mixture, the diameter of the pipeline for the medium fraction is to be within the range of 90–100 mm, for the heavy fraction – 50–70 mm

Investigation of the Respiration Rate During Storage of Fruit Vegetables Under the Influence of Abiotic Factors

The aim of the work was to establish the influence of most important abiotic planting factors (temperature, precipitation quantity) on the respiratory rate of fruit vegetables at storage and also a possibility of correction of respiratory metabolism by post-harvest thermal processing by antioxidant compositions. Fruits of cucumbers of the hybrids Masha and Afina, bush pumpkins Kavili and Tamino, sweet pepper of the hybrids Nikita and Hercules, tomato of the varieties Novachok and Rio Grande Original were used for the studies. It was established, that the respiratory rate of pumpkin fruit vegetables is importantly influenced by the variety specificity. The respiratory level of pumpkin vegetables directly correlates with the sum of active temperatures of the period of fruits formation and reversibly – with precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient.The influence of the variety specificity for nightshade vegetables is leveled, and among meteorological planting conditions the important intense influence on the respiratory rate is realized by the sum of active temperatures of the period of fruits formation and ripening. Precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient have the important influence only on pepper fruits.It was established, that the use of post-harvest thermal processing by antioxidant compositions results in inhibition of respiratory processes in fruit vegetables at storage

The theory of vibrational wave movement in drying grain mixture

This paper outlines a theory that involves the vibrational wave transportation of bulk grain during the course of passing that grain under an infrared radiation source, in a working thermal radiation drying chamber, and using a vibrational wave transporter belt that has been developed by the authors of this paper. The main outstanding feature of the proposed design is the presence of mechanical off-centre vibration drives which generate the vibration in the working rollers at a preset amplitude and frequency, thereby generating a mechanical wave on the surface of the flexible transporter belt which ensures the movement of bulk grain along the processing zone which itself is being subjected to infrared radiation. A calculation method was developed for the oscillation system that is used in conjunction with the vibrational transportation of the grain mass, in order to be able to determine the forces that may be present in the vibrational system and to prepare the differential calculations for the movement of the vibrational drive’s actuators, utilising for this purpose Type II Lagrange equations. The solving of the aforementioned integral equations on a PC yielded a number of graphical dependencies in terms of kinetic and dynamic parameters for the vibrational system described above; the analysis of those dependencies provided a rational structural, along with kinetic and dynamic indicators. According to the results that were taken from theoretical and experimental studies on the functioning of the developed infrared grain dryer combined with a vibrational exciter, stable movement for its working roller takes place if the angular velocity of a drive shaft is changed within the range of between 50–80 rads-1, whereas the amplitude of the indicated oscillations falls within the range of 3.0–4.0 mm. It has been discovered that a rational speed when transporting soy seeds during infrared drying falls between the range of between 0.15–0.60 cm·s-1, whereas the amplitude of the indicated oscillations falls within the range of 3.0–4.0 mm. An increase of this parameter within the stated limits increases the time that it takes to achieve the stage in which a constant drying soy speed is reached by more than 2.5 times (from 205 seconds to 520 seconds), stabilising the figure at a level of 520 seconds, which makes it possible to recommend a range of transport speeds of between 0.15–0.40 cm·s-1 under infrared radiation for the seeds in order to achieve the required moisture content with a single pass of the produce on the wave transporter. With that in mind, the power consumption levels for the vibrational exciter do not exceed 50W, while the angular velocity of the drive shaft’s rotation falls within the range of between 100– 120 rads-1 . The results of the experimental study that has been conducted indicated that a rational transportation speed for the soy seeds on the wave transporter under infrared radiation is between 0.15–0.40 cm·s-1

Investigation of the respiration rate during storage of fruit vegetables under the influence of abiotic factors

The aim of the work was to establish the influence of most important abiotic planting factors (temperature, precipitation quantity) on the respiratory rate of fruit vegetables at storage and also a possibility of correction of respiratory metabolism by post-harvest thermal processing by antioxidant compositions. Fruits of cucumbers of the hybrids Masha and Afina, bush pumpkins Kavili and Tamino, sweet pepper of the hybrids Nikita and Hercules, tomato of the varieties Novachok and Rio Grande Original were used for the studies. It was established, that the respiratory rate of pumpkin fruit vegetables is importantly influenced by the variety specificity. The respiratory level of pumpkin vegetables directly correlates with the sum of active temperatures of the period of fruits formation and reversibly – with precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient. The influence of the variety specificity for nightshade vegetables is leveled, and among meteorological planting conditions the important intense influence on the respiratory rate is realized by the sum of active temperatures of the period of fruits formation and ripening. Precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient have the important influence only on pepper fruits. It was established, that the use of post-harvest thermal processing by antioxidant compositions results in inhibition of respiratory processes in fruit vegetables at storage

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) productivity under the effect of plant growth regulator in the conditions of insufficient moisture

It is shown that the use of plant growth regulators of antioxidant action for presowing treatment of oilseed crops can both oppress and stimulate germination processes. The plant growth regulator caused the activation of the growth process, which was particularly manifested through the height of plants and stem diameter. The increase in the leaf surface area of the crop by 39.3 % was defined by plant growth regulator and greatly depended on rainfall (r = 0.999) during the period of 00 65 on BBCH scale. Medium correlation (r = 0.588) was determined between rainfall in the phase of rapid growth and inflorescence diameter. Growth regulator affected the yield of sunflower significantly the share of a factor in the formation of yield was 32.7 %. The share of the impact of water deficit was 58.4 % on average over the years of research. Pollen fertility and seed emptiness of sunflower depended on relative humidity during flowering – r = 0.990 for the control plants and r = 0.973 in case of AKM application. The weight of 1000 seeds increased under PGR action by an average of 17 33 % depending on the zone of the inflorescence. In general, hybrids and plant growth regulator as researched factors significantly affect the yield of sunflower but the proportion of influence of hybrid (factor A) (85.1 %) is significantly higher than that of the impact of PGR (factor B) (7.5 %). This should be considered when developing anti-stress techniques in technologies of sunflower cultivation in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Correlation of high strength was found between leaf surface area and rainfall (BBCH - 00-65) for all of hybrids (r = 0.868 – 0.996). AKM showed the greatest influence on the yield of sunflower plants of Zubr and Forvard hybrids, where fluctuation was within 14.3 - 31.3

Исследование содержания полифенольных веществ в базилике (ocimum basilicum l.) в зависимости от сроков посева семян в теплицах

UK: Досліджено вплив різних строків висіву насіння п’яти сортів базиліку на накопичення поліфенольних речовин. Встановлено, що сорти з фіолетовим забарвленням листків накопичують поліфенолів більше порівняно з зеленими сортами на 51,2–66,6 %. У зелених сортів Бадьорий, Рутан та Сяйво простежується підвищення рівня поліфенолів з кожним наступним зрізуванням зелені за лютневого та квітневого строку висіву насіння. RU: Исследовано влияние различных сроков посева семян пяти сортов базилика на накопление полифенольных веществ. Установлено, что сорта с фиолетовой окраской листьев накапливают полифенолов больше по сравнению с зелеными сортами на 51,2–66,6%. У сортов с зелеными листьями (Бадёрый, Рутан и Сяйво) прослеживается повышение уровня полифенолов с каждым последующим срезанием зелени при февральском и апрельском сроках посева семян

Встановлення узагальненого показника зносу матеріалів єднання типу «вал-втулка»

The paper is devoted to determination of analytical dependence of the wear coefficient for materials of parts of the conjugation of type “shaft-to-bushing”.Робота присвячена встановленню аналітичної залежності коефіцієнту зносу матеріалів деталей сполучення типу «вал – втулка».Робота присвячена встановленню аналітичної залежності коефіцієнту зносу матеріалів деталей сполучення типу «вал – втулка»