OTOMATISASI SISTEM IRIGASI TETES BERBASIS ARDUINO NANO

Abstrak Telah dirancang sebuah sistem irigasi tetes otomatis menggunakan sel surya dengan output 9 Volt, baterai isi ulang 3,7 Volt, modul step up XL6009, sensor kelembaban tanah FC-28, Arduino Nano, LED dan solenoid valve 12 V DC ½”. Tujuan utama perancangan ini adalah menghemat penggunaan air dalam pertanian lahan kering.Selain itu juga menghemat tenaga dan waktu petani karena sistem bekerja otomatis. Sistem ini dirancang khusus untuk tanaman cabai merah dengan kelembaban tanah antara 44,8% hingga 76,5%. Sistem ini bekerja dengan menggunakan energi matahari yang diserap oleh sel surya. Energi tersebut akan disimpan dalam baterai 3,7 Volt dan diubah menjadi tegangan 9 Volt melalui modul step up XL6009 sebagai tegangan input untuk Arduino Nano. Sensor kelembaban tanah FC-28 akan mendeteksi kadar kelembaban tanah. Selanjutnya Arduino Nano akan menerima input tegangan dari sensor kelembaban tanah. Jika output sensor kelembaban tanah FC-28 lebih dari 2,8 Volt (kelembaban tanah rendah, <44,8 %), LED merah akan menyala dan solenoid valve terbuka. Jika output sensor kelembaban tanah FC-28 kurang dari 1,25 Volt (kelembaban tanah tinggi, >76,5 %), LED hijau menyala dan solenoid valve tertutup. Kata Kunci: Sensor Kelembaban Tanah FC-28, Arduino Nano, Solenoid Valve, Modul Step Up XL6009 Abstract It has been designed an automatic drip irrigation system using solar cell with an output 9 V, 3,7 V rechargeable battery, XL6009 step up module, FC-28 soil moisture sensor, Nano Arduino, LED and 12 V DC ½”solenoid valve. The main purpose of this design is to conserve the use water for dry farmings. But it also can save energy and time farmers because the system can work automatically. This system specially designed for chili plants with soil moisture range between 44,5 to 76,5%. This system works using solar energy is adsorbed by the solar cell. Energy  will be saved in 3,7 Volt rechargeable battery and changed to be 9 Volt by XL6009 step up modul as input for Nano Arduino. The FC-28 soil moisture sensor will detect level of soil moisture. Then Nano Arduino will receive input voltage from soil moisture sensor. If the output of the sensor more than 2,8 Volt (low soil moisture, <44,8 %), red LED will be on and solenoid valve open. If the output of the soil moisture sensor less than 1,25 Volt (high soil moisture, >76,5 %), green LED will be on and solenoid valve closed. Keywords: FC-28 Soil Moiture Sensor, Nano Arduino, Solenoid Valve, XL6009 Step Up Modul

Infrastructure to Improve Beef Business Outcomes in the Queensland Gulf

There are significant economic and environmental issues impacting on the short and long term viability of family-run breeding enterprises in the Queensland Gulf. Falling cattle prices and increased business costs threaten the social and financial well-being of many beef producers. Set stocking and overgrazing combine to reduce native 3P (productive, palatable and perennial) grass frequency and herd productivity. The Ryan family on Greenhills Station at George-town in the Queensland Gulf embarked on a 5 year water and fencing infrastructure development program aiming to improve pasture utilisation, land condition and long term carrying capacity

Encoder-decoder convolutional neural network for simple CT segmentation of COVID-19 infected lungs

This work presents the application of an Encoder-Decoder convolutional neural network (ED-CNN) model to automatically segment COVID-19 computerised tomography (CT) data. By doing so we are producing an alternative model to current literature, which is easy to follow and reproduce, making it more accessible for real-world applications as little training would be required to use this. Our simple approach achieves results comparable to those of previously published studies, which use more complex deep-learning networks. We demonstrate a high-quality automated segmentation prediction of thoracic CT scans that correctly delineates the infected regions of the lungs. This segmentation automation can be used as a tool to speed up the contouring process, either to check manual contouring in place of a peer checking, when not possible or to give a rapid indication of infection to be referred for further treatment, thus saving time and resources. In contrast, manual contouring is a time-consuming process in which a professional would contour each patient one by one to be later checked by another professional. The proposed model uses approximately 49 k parameters while others average over 1,000 times more parameters. As our approach relies on a very compact model, shorter training times are observed, which make it possible to easily retrain the model using other data and potentially afford “personalised medicine” workflows. The model achieves similarity scores of Specificity (Sp) = 0.996 ± 0.001, Accuracy (Acc) = 0.994 ± 0.002 and Mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.0075 ± 0.0005

Emotional bias training as a treatment for anxiety and depression:evidence from experimental medicine studies in healthy and medicated samples

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are leading causes of disability worldwide, yet individuals are often unable to access appropriate treatment. There is a need to develop effective interventions that can be delivered remotely. Previous research has suggested that emotional processing biases are a potential target for intervention, and these may be altered through brief training programs. METHODS: We report two experimental medicine studies of emotional bias training in two samples: individuals from the general population (n = 522) and individuals currently taking antidepressants to treat anxiety or depression (n = 212). Participants, recruited online, completed four sessions of EBT from their own home. Mental health and cognitive functioning outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately post-training, and at 2-week follow-up. RESULTS: In both studies, our intervention successfully trained participants to perceive ambiguous social information more positively. This persisted at a 2-week follow-up. There was no clear evidence that this change in emotional processing transferred to improvements in symptoms in the primary analyses. However, in both studies, there was weak evidence for improved quality of life following EBT amongst individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline. No clear evidence of transfer effects was observed for self-reported daily stress, anhedonia or depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses suggested that younger participants reported greater treatment gains. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of delivering a multi-session online training program to promote lasting cognitive changes. Given the inconsistent evidence for transfer effects, EBT requires further development before it can be considered as a treatment for anxiety and depression

Ultrafast Structural Dynamics of BlsA, a Photoreceptor from the Pathogenic Bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important human pathogen that can form biofilms and persist under harsh environmental conditions. Biofilm formation and virulence are modulated by blue light, which is thought to be regulated by a BLUF protein, BlsA. To understand the molecular mechanism of light sensing, we have used steady-state and ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy to compare the photoactivation mechanism of BlsA to the BLUF photosensor AppA from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Although similar photocycles are observed, vibrational data together with homology modeling identify significant differences in the β5 strand in BlsA caused by photoactivation, which are proposed to be directly linked to downstream signaling

Predicting disease progression and poor outcomes in patients with moderately active rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review

Objectives: Access to biologic DMARDs for RA is often restricted to those with severe disease. This systematic review aimed to identify prognostic factors in patients with moderate disease activity who may be at risk of disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched (final search 22 September 2017), and data from patients with moderate disease [28-joint DAS (DAS28) >3.2–≤5.1] were included. Studies were evaluated according to the measure(s) of progression/poor outcome used: radiographic, disease activity or other indicators. Results: The searches identified 274 publications, of which 30 were selected for data extraction. Fourteen studies were prioritized, because they specifically analysed patients with moderate RA. Nine studies reported radiographic progression outcomes for 3241 patients, three studies reported disease activity progression for 1516 patients, and two studies reported other relevant outcomes for 2094 patients. Prognostic factors with consistent evidence for progression/poor outcome prediction were as follows: DAS28 ≥ 4.2, the presence of anti-CCP antibodies, and power Doppler ultrasound score ≥1. Some predictors were specific to either disease activity or radiographic progression. Conclusion: Several criteria used in standard clinical practice were identified that have the potential to inform the selection of patients with moderate RA who are at greater risk of a poor outcome. A combination of two or more of these factors might enhance their predictive potential. Further work is required to derive clinical decision rules incorporating these factors

BLUF Domain Function Does Not Require a Metastable Radical Intermediate State

BLUF (blue light using flavin) domain proteins are an important family of blue light-sensing proteins which control a wide variety of functions in cells. The primary light-activated step in the BLUF domain is not yet established. A number of experimental and theoretical studies points to a role for photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between a highly conserved tyrosine and the flavin chromophore to form a radical intermediate state. Here we investigate the role of PET in three different BLUF proteins, using ultrafast broadband transient infrared spectroscopy. We characterize and identify infrared active marker modes for excited and ground state species and use them to record photochemical dynamics in the proteins. We also generate mutants which unambiguously show PET and, through isotope labeling of the protein and the chromophore, are able to assign modes characteristic of both flavin and protein radical states. We find that these radical intermediates are not observed in two of the three BLUF domains studied, casting doubt on the importance of the formation of a population of radical intermediates in the BLUF photocycle. Further, unnatural amino acid mutagenesis is used to replace the conserved tyrosine with fluorotyrosines, thus modifying the driving force for the proposed electron transfer reaction; the rate changes observed are also not consistent with a PET mechanism. Thus, while intermediates of PET reactions can be observed in BLUF proteins they are not correlated with photoactivity, suggesting that radical intermediates are not central to their operation. Alternative nonradical pathways including a keto–enol tautomerization induced by electronic excitation of the flavin ring are considered