Special Reference to Handicraft and Cottage Industry in Odisha

Any country\u27s environmental problems are related to the level of its economic development, the availability of natural resources and the lifestyle of its population. In India, the rapid growth of population, poverty, urbanization, industrialization and several related factors are responsible for the rapid degradation of the environment. Environmental problems have become serious in many parts of the country, and hence cannot be ignored.  80% of the total population of Odisha, a state of Eastern India depends on agriculture. But most of them are small and marginal farmers. 48% farmer\u27s households are indebted. The state, in reality, is the second poorest state in India today, next only to Bihar. Industrialization is the only alternative to develop the economic status of the state but the darker side of it is environmental pollution. Hence if the growth of industry can be accelerated along with environmental protection then a balance can be maintained. So this paper examines the growth of cottage industries in the state of Odisha through different statistical analysis as this is an eco-friendly industry and simultaneously a prospective area for the growth of indigenous talent

Compositional Verification for Autonomous Systems with Deep Learning Components

As autonomy becomes prevalent in many applications, ranging from recommendation systems to fully autonomous vehicles, there is an increased need to provide safety guarantees for such systems. The problem is difficult, as these are large, complex systems which operate in uncertain environments, requiring data-driven machine-learning components. However, learning techniques such as Deep Neural Networks, widely used today, are inherently unpredictable and lack the theoretical foundations to provide strong assurance guarantees. We present a compositional approach for the scalable, formal verification of autonomous systems that contain Deep Neural Network components. The approach uses assume-guarantee reasoning whereby {\em contracts}, encoding the input-output behavior of individual components, allow the designer to model and incorporate the behavior of the learning-enabled components working side-by-side with the other components. We illustrate the approach on an example taken from the autonomous vehicles domain

Gold catalyzed propene epoxidation - a study in catalytic activity and reaction mechanism

Direct epoxidation of propene using hydrogen and oxygen on gold-titania catalyst was studied. A series of low gold loaded catalysts were tested for catalytic activity, hydrogen efficiency and stability. A thorough kinetic study was done on the best catalysts. Finally, a reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the experimental data

Cretaceous (Albian-Turonian) calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the onshore Cauvery Basin, southeastern India

A suite of outcrop samples from the Cauvery Basin belonging to the mudrock-claystone dominated Karai Formation were analysed for nannofossil biostratigraphy in two newly measured sections at Karai and Garudamangalam. The age of the Karai Section is interpreted as early Albian to early Turonian, whereas the Garudamangalam Section is interpreted as late Albian to late Cenomanian. The Albian ‘BC’ zones of Bown et al. (1998) are applicable in both sections, whereas the Cenomanian and Turonian ‘UC’ zones of Burnett (1998), are only partially applicable, due to some problematic primary and secondary markers. The Albian-Cenomanian boundary appears to be continuous and is approximated in both sections using the FO of lower Cenomanian ammonites of the M. mantelli Zone. The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary interval is incomplete in the two sections, with a hiatus of ~0.66 myr, indicated by the absence of the upper Cenomanian Nannofossil Zone UC5. The nannoplankton assemblages are composed of broadly cosmopolitan taxa, despite the relatively high-latitude setting of SE India during the Albian (~45°S), which is reflected in the common occurrence of biogeographically bipolar taxa such as Repagulum parvidentatum and Seribiscutum primitivum. The palaeobiogeographic affinity of the nannoplankton, however, does not bear a distinct Austral stamp, as typical Austral taxa, such as Sollasites falklandensis and Zeugrhabdotus kerguelenensis are very rare in the studied sections. The early appearance of Crucibiscutum hayi in the lower Albian, and Gartnerago segmentatum in the upper Albian in the Cauvery Basin suggests that these two species may have originated in southern high latitudes before migrating to the northern Boreal regions. Four new calcareous nannofossil species, Calculites karaiensis, Loxolithus bicyclus, Manivitella fibrosa and Tranolithus simplex are described

Biostratigraphy and palaeoceanography of mid-Cretacous calcareous nannofossils: Studies from the Cauvery Basin, SE India; the Anglo-Paris Basin, SE England; North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.

The applications of mid-Cretaceous (Aptian-Cenomanian) nannofossils in biostratigraphy and palaeoceanography have been advanced based on four specific studies from India, UK, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. A biostratigraphic study on outcrop samples from two new sections in the Cauvery Basin (SE India) has significantly improved stratigraphic resolution in the basin using the recent zonation schemes of Bown et al. (1998) and Burnett (1998). In addition to highlighting problems associated with a few marker species for the Cenomanian, the Albian/Cenomanian and Cenomanian/Turonian boundaries have been examined with respect to their nannofossil proxies. Qualitative comparisons of coeval assemblages from India with those from three other palaeogeographical settings (England, France and the Pacific) have confirmed the overall cosmopolitan nature of Albian nannofloras, in which provinces such as the Tethyan, Boreal and Austral cannot be clearly differentiated. A palaeoclimatic study of a short section in the Gault Clay (S. England) suggests a major warming event starting at the mid-/Late Albian boundary in the Weald of the Anglo-Paris Basin. The cold-water species, Repagulum parvidentatum, gives strong evidence for this warming event by showing a rapid decline in its percentage abundance, which precisely coincides with a light oxygen isotope peak and the influx of Tethyan ammonites. A sharp productivity rise based on the well-known fertility index, Zeugrhabdotus noeliae, is found to be concomitant with the warming event. A palaeoceanographic study of the Early Albian OAElb event in the western North Atlantic (Leg 171B), based on its nannofossil productivity record and geochemical data, supports the increased productivity model as a plausible mechanism for this anoxic event. A similar study on the Pacific Ocean (Leg 198, Shatsky Rise) shows a marked temporal variation in the abundance distribution of productivity- related taxa (e.g., Biscutum constans, Zeugrhabdotus noeliae) in relation to the OAEla (Early Aptian) and OAElb (Early Albian) events. Possible explanations for this variation have been proposed, in light of the heightened submarine volcanism in the Pacific during the mid-Cretaceous. Watznaueria is found to be the most abundant taxon in all mid-Cretaceous assemblages and its dominance is considered to be independent of preservation, indicating its broad palaeoecological tolerance rather than resistance to dissolution. On the basis of taxonomic observations, four new species have been erected: Calculites karaiensis, Loxolithus bicyclus, Manivitella fibrosa and Tranolithus simplex

Numerical analysis to optimize the heat transfer rate of tube-in-tube helical coil heat exchanger

Working towards the goal of saving energies and to make compact the design for mechanical and chemical devices and plants, the enhancement of heat transfer is one of the key factors in design of heat exchangers. In this process without application of external power we can enhance the heat transfer rate by modifying the design by providing the helical tubes, extended surface or swirl flow devices. Helical tube heat exchanger finds applications in automobile, aerospace, power plant and food industries due to certain advantage such as compact structure, larger heat transfer surface area and improved heat transfer capability. In this paper numerical study of helical coil tube-in-tube heat exchanger is done for different boundary conditions and optimizes condition of heat transfer is found out for different D/d ratio. The turbulent flow model with counter flow heat exchanger is considered for analysis purpose. The effect of D/d ratio on heat transfer rate and pumping power is found out for different boundary conditions. The D/d ratio is varied from 10 to 30 with an interval of 5. Nusselt number, friction factor, pumping power required and LMTD variation of inner fluid with respect to Reynolds number is found out for different D/d ratio. The optimize Reynolds number for maximum heat transfer and minimum power loss is found out by graph intersection methods. With increases in D/d ratio (inverse of curvature ratio) the Nusselt number will decreases and the outer wall boundary condition does not have any significant effect on the inner Nusselt number. The Darcy friction factor decreases with increase in Reynolds number. The Pumping power increases with increase in Reynolds number for all the condition of D/d ratio and for all the boundary conditions. Log mean temperature difference (LMTD) increases at a steady rate with increase in Reynolds number. The optimization point between Nu and f with respect to Re shifts toward the lower Reynolds number with increase in D/d ratio

Probing Nonlocal Spatial Correlations in Quantum Gases with Ultra-long-range Rydberg Molecules

We present photo-excitation of ultra-long-range Rydberg molecules as a probe of spatial correlations in quantum gases. Rydberg molecules can be created with well-defined internuclear spacing, set by the radius of the outer lobe of the Rydberg electron wavefunction $R_n$. By varying the principal quantum number $n$ of the target Rydberg state, the molecular excitation rate can be used to map the pair-correlation function of the trapped gas $g^{(2)}(R_n)$. We demonstrate this with ultracold Sr gases and probe pair-separation length scales ranging from $R_n = 1400 - 3200$ $a_0$, which are on the order of the thermal de Broglie wavelength for temperatures around 1 $\mu$K. We observe bunching for a single-component Bose gas of $^{84}$Sr and anti-bunching due to Pauli exclusion at short distances for a polarized Fermi gas of $^{87}$Sr, revealing the effects of quantum statistics.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure