Risk management for single-industry territories within a fractal approach

The article presents the results of the author’s study of single-industry territories within the framework of the fractal approach. The relevance of the researching is since the risk management of mono-profile is one of the most important elements of differentiated management impact on the socio-economic system of the territory to ensure its harmonious development. The aim of the work is to assess the risks of single-industry using elements of a fractal approach to the study of the social and economic space of mono-territories. The methodological basis for the application of the fractal approach is based not on a geometric cut, but on its structural and semantic content. This assumption also considers the significant nonlinearity of development processes and environmental influences in socio-economic systems. In this context, the researching is presented as a generator of scientific novelty. This formed the basis for the fractal grouping of single-industry territories of the Chelyabinsk region. During the research, fractal properties of socio-economic systems were identified, such as hierarchical certainty; self-similarity/presence of an element that repeats itself on a decreasing scale; unevenness/fragmentation; intersection of different fractal models in the socio-economic space; the presence of multiple control centers; openness. This researching confirms that the high risks of socio-economic development of a single-industry settlement are caused not only by the formation of a poorly diversified local labor market, but also by the strong dependence of the municipal utilities on the infrastructure facilities of the main city-forming enterprise, and the municipal budget on tax and non-tax revenues of the city-forming enterprise. To analyze the risk component, the work compared the level of employment in large and medium-sized enterprises with indicators of small business development, which was assessed based on the turnover indicator of small and medium-sized enterprises. The learning of the risks of single-industry allowed dividing the single-industry towns of the Chelyabinsk region into 3 groups, each of which is described from the standpoint of the availability of resources for diversifying the socio-economic system and choosing priority areas for development. In addition, the results of the study of single-industry settlements in the Chelyabinsk region actualize the need to transform the space of the territory through changes in the localization nature and fractal properties of the economic and social environment. The continuation of the researching is implemented in the algorithmization of the process of diversification of single-industry territories, contributing to the growth of its competitive advantages, and, consequently, capacity building

The Path Integral Quantization And The Construction Of The S-matrix In The Abelian And Non-Abelian Chern-Simons Theories

The cvariant path integral quantization of the theory of the scalar and spinor particles interacting through the abelian and non-Abelian Chern-Simons gauge fields is carried out and is shown to be mathematically ill defined due to the absence of the transverse components of these gauge fields. This is remedied by the introduction of the Maxwell or the Maxwell-type (in the non-Abelian case)term which makes the theory superrenormalizable and guarantees its gauge-invariant regularization and renormalization. The generating functionals are constructed and shown to be formally the same as those of QED (or QCD) in 2+1 dimensions with the substitution of the Chern-Simons propagator for the photon (gluon) propagator. By constructing the propagator in the general case, the existence of two limits; pure Chern-Simons and QED (QCD) after renormalization is demonstrated. By carrying out carefully the path integral quantization of the non-Abelian Chern-Simons theories using the De Witt-Fadeev-Popov and the Batalin-Fradkin- Vilkovisky methods it is demonstrated that there is no need to quantize the dimensionless charge of the theory. The main reason is that the action in the exponent of the path integral is BRST-invariant which acquires a zero winding number and guarantees the BRST renormalizability of the model. The S-matrix operator is constructed, and starting from this S-matrix operator novel topological unitarity identities are derived that demand the vanishing of the gauge-invariant sum of the imaginary parts of the Feynman diagrams with a given number of intermediate on-shell topological photon lines in each order of perturbation theory. These identities are illustrated by an explicit example.Comment: LaTex file, 31 pages, two figure

Photon-number-resolution with sub-30-ps timing using multi-element superconducting nanowire single photon detectors

A photon-number-resolving detector based on a four-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector is demonstrated to have sub-30-ps resolution in measuring the arrival time of individual photons. This detector can be used to characterize the photon statistics of non-pulsed light sources and to mitigate dead-time effects in high-speed photon counting applications. Furthermore, a 25% system detection efficiency at 1550 nm was demonstrated, making the detector useful for both low-flux source characterization and high-speed photon-counting and quantum communication applications. The design, fabrication and testing of this detector are described, and a comparison between the measured and theoretical performance is presented.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

ULF magnetic emissions connected with under sea bottom earthquakes

Measurements of ULF electromagnetic disturbances were carried out in Japan before and during a seismic active period (1 February 2000 to 26 July 2000). A network consists of two groups of magnetic stations spaced apart at a distance of &#x2248;140 km. Every group consists of three, 3-component high sensitive magnetic stations arranged in a triangle and spaced apart at a distance of 4–7 km. The results of the ULF magnetic field variation analysis in a frequency range of <i>F</i> = 0.002–0.5 Hz in connection with nearby earth-quakes are presented. Traditional <i>Z</i>/<i>G</i> ratios (<i>Z</i> is the vertical component, <i>G</i> is the total horizontal component), magnetic gradient vectors and phase velocities of ULF waves propagating along the Earth’s surface were constructed in several frequency bands. It was shown that variations of the <i>R</i>(<i>F</i>) = <i>Z</i>/<i>G</i> parameter have a different character in three frequency ranges: <i>F</i>₁ = 0.1 ± 0.005, <i>F</i>₂ = 0.01 ± 0.005 and <i>F</i>₃ = 0.005 ± 0.003 Hz. Ratio <i>R</i>(<i>F</i>₃)/<i>R</i>(<i>F</i>₁)</i> sharply increases 1–3 days before strong seismic shocks. Defined in a frequency range of <i>F</i>₂ = 0.01 ± 0.005 Hz during nighttime intervals (00:00–06:00 LT), the amplitudes of <i>Z</i> and <i>G</i> component variations and the <i>Z</i>/<i>G</i> ratio started to increase &#x2248; 1.5 months before the period of the seismic activity. The ULF emissions of higher frequency ranges sharply increased just after the seismic activity start. The magnetic gradient vectors (<b>&#x2207; <i>B</i></b> &#x2248; 1 – 5 pT/km), determined using horizontal component data (<i>G</i> &#x2248; 0.03 – 0.06 nT) of the magnetic stations of every group in the frequency range <i>F</i> = 0.05 ± 0.005 Hz, started to point to the future center of the seismic activity just before the seismoactive period; furthermore they continued following space displacements of the seismic activity center. The phase velocity vectors (<i>V</i> &#x2248; 20 km/s for <i>F</i> = 0.0067 Hz), determined using horizontal component data, were directed from the seismic activity center. Gradient vectors of the vertical component pointed to the closest seashore (known as the 'sea shore' effect). The location of the seismic activity centers by two gradient vectors, constructed at every group of magnetic stations, gives an &#x2248; 10 km error in this experiment

A MicroRNA feedback circuit in midbrain dopamine neurons

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved, 18- to 25-nucleotide, non-protein coding transcripts that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression during development. miRNAs also occur in postmitotic cells, such as neurons in the mammalian central nervous system, but their function is less well characterized. We investigated the role of miRNAs in mammalian midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DNs). We identified a miRNA, miR-133b, that is specifically expressed in midbrain DNs and is deficient in midbrain tissue from patients with Parkinson's disease. miR-133b regulates the maturation and function of midbrain DNs within a negative feedback circuit that includes the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor Pitx3. We propose a role for this feedback circuit in the fine-tuning of dopaminergic behaviors such as locomotion