Current practices in long-term video-EEG monitoring services: A survey among partners of the E-PILEPSY pilot network of reference for refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery.

The European Union-funded E-PILEPSY network aims to improve awareness of, and accessibility to, epilepsy surgery across Europe. In this study we assessed current clinical practices in epilepsy monitoring units (EMUs) in the participating centers. A 60-item web-based survey was distributed to 25 centers (27 EMUs) of the E-PILEPSY network across 22 European countries. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the characteristics of EMUs, including organizational aspects, admission, and observation of patients, procedures performed, safety issues, cost, and reimbursement. Complete responses were received from all (100%) EMUs surveyed. Continuous observation of patients was performed in 22 (81%) EMUs during regular working hours, and in 17 EMUs (63%) outside of regular working hours. Fifteen (56%) EMUs requested a signed informed consent before admission. All EMUs performed tapering/withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs, 14 (52%) prior to admission to an EMU. Specific protocols on antiepileptic drugs (AED) tapering were available in four (15%) EMUs. Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) for the treatment of seizure clusters and status epilepticus were available in 16 (59%). Safety measures implemented by EMUs were: alarm seizure buttons in 21 (78%), restricted patient's ambulation in 19 (70%), guard rails in 16 (59%), and specially designated bathrooms in 7 (26%). Average costs for one inpatient day in EMU ranged between 100 and 2200 Euros. This study shows a considerable diversity in the organization and practice patterns across European epilepsy monitoring units. The collected data may contribute to the development and implementation of evidence-based recommended practices in LTM services across Europe

Treatment of substance abuse in dual diagnosis

Interventions for substance use–related problems are limited for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). This is problematic, as the lack of interventions can lead to substance use initiation, progression of substance use into substance use disorder, poorer outcomes of treatment, and stigmatization of individuals with dual diagnosis. Additionally, staff who work with individuals with ID and addiction treatment lack resources to effectively help substance use in individuals with ID. Nevertheless, there has been an increase in studies assessing the feasibility and outcomes of interventions for substance use and abuse in individuals with ID. This chapter reviews psychological and pharmacological interventions for individuals with dual diagnosis of substance abuse and ID

Diagnostic accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: An international case-cohort study

We conducted an international study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis among a large group of physicians and compared their diagnostic performance to a panel of IPF experts. A total of 1141 respiratory physicians and 34 IPF experts participated. Participants evaluated 60 cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD) without interdisciplinary consultation. Diagnostic agreement was measured using the weighted kappa coefficient (\u3baw). Prognostic discrimination between IPF and other ILDs was used to validate diagnostic accuracy for first-choice diagnoses of IPF and were compared using the Cindex. A total of 404 physicians completed the study. Agreement for IPF diagnosis was higher among expert physicians (\u3baw=0.65, IQR 0.53-0.72, p20 years of experience (C-index=0.72, IQR 0.0-0.73, p=0.229) and non-university hospital physicians with more than 20 years of experience, attending weekly MDT meetings (C-index=0.72, IQR 0.70-0.72, p=0.052), did not differ significantly (p=0.229 and p=0.052 respectively) from the expert panel (C-index=0.74 IQR 0.72-0.75). Experienced respiratory physicians at university-based institutions diagnose IPF with similar prognostic accuracy to IPF experts. Regular MDT meeting attendance improves the prognostic accuracy of experienced non-university practitioners to levels achieved by IPF experts

Development of Local Spatial Data Infrastructure in Croatia

This work provides insight into the Croatian Local Spatial Data Infrastructure (LSDI). Field data collected in 2012 by means of a questionnaire formed the basis of this work. The questionnaire respondents were Croatian cities. The results were analysed according to city population, city budget and city area. An analysis was also performed according to European Union Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 regions. Analysis showed significant LSDI differences between bigger and smaller cities. Some of the LSDI indicators are more suitable for Croatian relations than other. The indicators used and the analysis of their reliability could be adopted in other countries. © 2014 © 2014 Mapping Sciences Institute, Australia and Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute.peerreview_statement: The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope. aims_and_scope_url: http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tjss20status: publishe

Ion composition produced by high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges near the substrate

Plasma composition near the substrate was investigated in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) discharge using Langmuir probe analysis, mass spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The HIPIMS discharge was operated in nonreactive Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 2.66 Pa and the magnetron cathode was furnished with Ti target. Plasma density, metal ion-to-neutral ratio, and gas ion-to-metal ion ratio were studied as a function of discharge current. At peak discharge current densities of similar to 1 A cm(-2), the results show that a dense plasma (n(e) similar to 10(18) m(-3)) expanded from the target toward the substrate and lasted more than 330 mu s after the supplied power was turned off. The shape of the time-averaged ion energy distribution function of sputtered material exhibited a transition from Thompson to Maxwellian distribution, indicating efficient energy transfer in the discharge. The metal content in the plasma monotonically increased with discharge current and the metal ion-to-neutral ratio reached approximately 1: 1 in the postdischarge plasma at peak current density of 5 A cm(-2). (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3000446

Simultaneous characterization of static and induced magnetic fields in high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges

Hall currents generated in circular planar magnetrons can induce magnetic fields of several mT when operating in high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) mode. Near the target surface, the induced magnetic field is negligible compared to the static one. However, as we move away from the target surface the induced field becomes comparable or even stronger than the static field. In this paper, we investigate the induced magnetic field using Hall sensors, which can directly measure the effective magnetic field (the sum of the static and the induced magnetic fields) and with sufficient time resolution to observe the temporal evolution of the induced field during the HiPIMS pulse. We present the 2D temporal evolution of an induced magnetic field, showing its influence on the effective field. Based on the 2D induced magnetic field map, we calculate numerically the spatial distribution of the Hall currents generating the field, resulting in a current density up to 7 A cm-2. We present these results for both an unbalanced and balanced magnetron configuration