Etude approfondie de la mortalité maternelle dans les wilayas de Djelfa, Laghouat et Ghardaïa

Introduction :La mortalité maternelle est largement reconnue comme un indicateur général de la santé globale d'une population et du fonctionnement du système de santé. Ce fléau constitue un problème majeur de santé dans le monde, mais aussi, en Algérie et dans les wilayas de Djelfa, Laghouat et Ghardaïa où les taux restent élevés comparés à de nombreux pays.L’objectif de notre étude est d’évaluer la mortalité maternelle dans les wilayas de Djelfa, Laghouat et Ghardaïa, de déterminer et les principaux indicateurs.Matériel et méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective descriptive portant sur l’analyse approfondie de tous les décès maternels enregistrés sur une période de 24 mois allant du 1er janvier 2020 au 31 décembre 2021 dans les wilayas de Djelfa, Laghouat, Ghardaïa.Résultats :L’enquête a enregistré 84 décès donnant un TMM de 76,62 décès/100,000 naissances vivantes avec un taux de décès institutionnels de 91,66%. l’évolution était marquée par une fluctuation des taux de 2014 jusqu’à 2018 suivie par une ascension jusqu’à 2021. L’âge moyen des défuntes était de 34,1 ans et la parité de 3,05. Le suivi prénatal était insuffisant dans 65,47% des cas. Le transfères et l’évacuation était le mode d’admission de 28 femmes dont 24 arrivaient en mauvais état.Les causes étaient majoritairement obstétricales directes à leurs tète ; les hémorragies, suivies par les complications de la prééclampsie. Les causes indirectes incriminées dans 37% dominées par la covid et les causes cardiovasculaires, 71,4% de ces femmes avaient succombé dans le postpartum.Les soins étaient inadéquats dans 77,35% pour les causes directes et 35,48% pour les causes indirectes, ce qui a engendré une évitabilité de 64,28% plus fréquente dans les causes directes, les causes non évitables étaient causées par la Covid et les embolies.Conclusion : La mortalité maternelle est élevée dans les wilayas d’étude, des dysfonctionnements constatés à plusieurs niveaux dans les soins aboutissant par conséquent à un taux considérable de décès qui auraient pu être évités

Germination and growth in control and primed seeds of pepper as affected by salt stress

Salinity is an important abiotic stress which can affect crop production in the world. One of the simplest methods for improving salinity tolerance of plants is seeds priming. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of seeds priming with three solutions (KCl , NaCl and CaCl2) in germination and later growth of three pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars: Beldi, Baklouti and Anaheim Chili. Seeds germination was conducted in a completely randomized design under seven salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 g L-1) at room temperature for primed and control seeds. Plants derived from these germinated seeds (control and primed) were transplanted and cultivated in a greenhouse for 4 months and were irrigated permanently with seven salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 g L-1). The results showed that salinity affected all parameters under study like total germination percentage and chlorophyll level (a and b). As well, proline content increased as response to increasing salinity. The plants derived and grown from primed seeds showed a considerable tolerance to salt stress and gave better results. In fact, priming improved the salt resistance of pepper owing to more chlorophyll and proline accumulation. These results suggest that seed priming induced possible physiological adjustments in pepper seeds, especially in the early stages of development, and could be used as a suitable tool for improving germination and growth characteristics under salt stress conditions

Comportement agronomique d'une collection de pois (Pisum sativum L)

Agronomical Behaviour of a Pea Collection (Pisum sativum L.). This experience was achieved under greenhouse conditions. Twelve genotypes of pea were used (Asgrow, Jumbo, Lincoln, Merveille de Kelvedon, Purser, Rajai Torpe, Snajor Kosep, Korai,Wando, Rondo, local genotype, Major Kosep Korai and Surgevil). They were cultivated on peat during 5.5 months (from October to April). Some agronomical parameters were studied: resistance to diseases, (Powdery-mildew, mildew, top yellow virus, anthracnose, browning), fresh matter, number of branches/plant, number of flowers/plant, number of pods/ plant and the yield of grains /plant. Results showed that only the genotype Purser is resistant to all diseases and Surgevil is sensitive only to the Top Yellow virus. The local genotype is sensitive to three frequent diseases (Powdery-mildew, mildew and Anthracnose). With regard to vegetative growth, the highest yield of fresh matter do not contribute towards a high fertility rate. In fact, only the genotypes having a weak yield of fresh matter (Snajor Kosep Korai, Asgrow, Major Kosep Korai, Rajai Torpe and Purser) have the most important rate of fertility (> 30%). Within this group, the most important yield (> 9 g/plant) is a result of high: number of pods/plant (7.5 to 21.6) and of grains/pod (2.8 to 4.92). Finally, genotype Purser should be retained for farmers and programs of genetic amelioration for its resistance to diseases and agronomical performances

Les goitres plongeants : particularites cliniques, radiologiques et therapeutiques

Introduction: Les goitres plongeants, devenus rares de nos jours, posent des problèmes diagnostiques et chirurgicaux particuliers. Leur prise en charge est facilitée par l’apport de la tomodensitometrie permettant de planifier l’attitude thérapeutique.Le but de ce travail est de préciser les modalités d’exploration et de prise en charge chirurgicale des goitres plongeants.Matériels et méthodes : Nous rapportons une étude rétrospective portant sur42 cas de goitre plongeant colligés sur une période de 11 ans entre 2001 et 2011.Résultats : L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 56,9 ans (36-86 ans). Le sex-ratio était de 0,13. La tuméfaction basi-cervicale était le motif de consultation le plus fréquent, rapportée dans 74 % des cas associée à des signes de compression oesotrachéale dans 45% des cas.Une paralysie récurrentielle unilatérale a été objectivée dans 3 cas.Une radiographie de thorax a montré un élargissement médiastinal dans 23% des cas avec déviation trachéale chez63 % des malades. Une TDM cervico-thoracique pratiquée dans 85% des cas a confirmé le diagnostic. Le traitement chirurgical était mené par voie cervicale exclusive chez tous les patients. Une paralysie récurentielle a été observée dans 3 cas. Aucune hypoparathyroïdie définitive n’a été rapportée avec un reculmoyen de 24mois.Conclusion : Les goitres plongeants devenus rares du fait de la prise en charge plus précoce des nodules thyroïdiens. Ils posent actuellement moins de difficultés thérapeutiques. L’indication chirurgicale est toujours formelle devant le risque vital qu’ils posent.Mots clés : goitre cervicothoracique, thyroïdectomie, paralysie récurrentielle, hypoparathyroïdie.Introduction: Substernal goiters, becoming rare, present diagnositic and therapeutic problems.Their management is facilitated by the contribution of computed tomography for planning the therapeutic approach. The aim of this study is to specify the procedures for exploration and surgical management of substernal goiters.Materials and Methods: We report a retrospective study of 42 cases of substernalgoiters collaged over a period of 11 years between 2001 and 2011.Results: The mean age was 56,9 years (36- 86 years). The sex ratio was 0,13. Cervical swelling was the most common reason for consultation, reported in 74% of cases associated with signs of oesotrachealcompression in 45% of cases. Unilateral laryngeal palsy has been objectified in 3 cases. Chest-x-Ray showed widening of mediastinal shadowwith tracheal deviation in 63% of patients. A cervico-thoracic CT performed in 85% of cases confirmed the diagnosis of substernal goiters. The cervical approach has been used in all cases. Laryngeal nerve palsy was observed in 3 cases. No definitive hypoparathyroidism have been reported with a mean of 24 months.Conclusion: Substernal goiters become rare due to the earlier diagnosis of thyroid nodules. They currently present fewer therapeutic difficulties, and must be managed surgically because of vital risk.Key words: substernal goiter, thyroidectomy, laryngeal nerve palsy, hypoparathoidism

Spin-rotor Interpretation of Identical Bands and Quantized Alignment in Superdeformed A ≈\approx 190 Nuclei

The ``identical'' bands in superdeformed mercury, thallium, and lead nuclei are interpreted as examples of orbital angular momentum rotors with the weak spin-orbit coupling of pseudo-$SU(3)$ symmetries and supersymmetries.Comment: 15 pages, revtex 3.0, 7 figures available upon request from [email protected]

Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Evaluation under Semi Arid Conditions in Eastern Algeria by Path Analysis

This study was aimed to characterize yield components and plant traits related to grain yield. Correlation and path analysis were carried out in durum wheat genotypes grown under irrigated and non-irrigated field conditions during two cropping seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). In the path coefficient analysis, grain yield represented the dependent variable and the number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1, kernel weight and number of grains m-2 were the independent ones. Grain yield showed positive phenotypic correlation with number of spikes m-2 and number of grains per m-2under both conditions and during two cropping seasons.Path analysis revealed positive direct effect of 1000- kernels weight, number of spike m-2 and number of grains per spike on grain yield. These results indicated that the 1000- kernels weight and number of spikes m-2 followed by the number of grains per spike and number of grains per m-2 were the traits related to higher grain yield, under irrigated and late season water stress conditions.

Elements Discrimination in the Study of Super-Heavy Elements using an Ionization Chamber

Dedicated ionization chamber was built and installed to measure the energy loss of very heavy nuclei at 2.7 MeV/u produced in fusion reactions in inverse kinematics (beam of 208Pb). After going through the ionization chamber, products of reactions on 12C, 18O targets are implanted in a Si detector. Their identification through their alpha decay chain is ambiguous when their half-life is short. After calibration with Pb and Th nuclei, the ionization chamber signal allowed us to resolve these ambiguities. In the search for rare super-heavy nuclei produced in fusion reactions in inverse or symmetric kinematics, such a chamber will provide direct information on the nuclear charge of each implanted nucleus.Comment: submitted to NIMA, 10 pages+4 figures, Latex, uses elsart.cls and grahpic

Superdeformed rotational bands in the Mercury region; A Cranked Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov study

A study of rotational properties of the ground superdeformed bands in \Hg{0}, \Hg{2}, \Hg{4}, and \Pb{4} is presented. We use the cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method with the {\skm} parametrization of the Skyrme force in the particle-hole channel and a seniority interaction in the pairing channel. An approximate particle number projection is performed by means of the Lipkin-Nogami prescription. We analyze the proton and neutron quasiparticle routhians in connection with the present information on about thirty presently observed superdeformed bands in nuclei close neighbours of \Hg{2}.Comment: 26 LaTeX pages, 14 uuencoded postscript figures included, Preprint IPN-TH 93-6

Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Stressors on Fucalean Brown Seaweeds Across Different Spatial Scales in the Mediterranean Sea

Algal habitat-forming forests composed of fucalean brown seaweeds (Cystoseira, Ericaria, and Gongolaria) have severely declined along the Mediterranean coasts, endangering the maintenance of essential ecosystem services. Numerous factors determine the loss of these assemblages and operate at different spatial scales, which must be identified to plan conservation and restoration actions. To explore the critical stressors (natural and anthropogenic) that may cause habitat degradation, we investigated (a) the patterns of variability of fucalean forests in percentage cover (abundance) at three spatial scales (location, forest, transect) by visual estimates and or photographic sampling to identify relevant spatial scales of variation, (b) the correlation between semi-quantitative anthropogenic stressors, individually or cumulatively (MA-LUSI index), including natural stressors (confinement, sea urchin grazing), and percentage cover of functional groups (perennial, semi-perennial) at forest spatial scale. The results showed that impacts from mariculture and urbanization seem to be the main stressors affecting habitat-forming species. In particular, while mariculture, urbanization, and cumulative anthropogenic stress negatively correlated with the percentage cover of perennial fucalean species, the same stressors were positively correlated with the percentage cover of the semi-perennial Cystoseira compressa and C. compressa subsp. pustulata. Our results indicate that human impacts can determine spatial patterns in these fragmented and heterogeneous marine habitats, thus stressing the need of carefully considering scale-dependent ecological processes to support conservation and restoration

Relative spins and excitation energies of superdeformed bands in 190Hg: Further evidence for octupole vibration

An experiment using the Eurogam Phase II gamma-ray spectrometer confirms the existence of an excited superdeformed (SD) band in 190Hg and its very unusual decay into the lowest SD band over 3-4 transitions. The energies and dipole character of the transitions linking the two SD bands have been firmly established. Comparisons with RPA calculations indicate that the excited SD band can be interpreted as an octupole-vibrational structure.Comment: 12 pages, latex, 4 figures available via WWW at http://www.phy.anl.gov/bgo/bc/hg190_nucl_ex.htm