Sea Level Variation Along the Western Coast of the Arabian Gulf

Observed hourly tidal heights from six stations during the period 1980-1987 were used in the analyses. Daily readings of the pressure at mean sea level from three meteorological stations were also used. The variations of the observed daily mean sea level were studied at the six stations, giving low values in the winter season, and high ones in summer and spring seasons. The monthly mean sea level showed higher values during July and August and lower ones in the winter season. As the Arabian Gulf is generally considered a shallow sea, the meteorological conditions are the main cause of the sea level variation. This was shown by the variation of the daily mean sea level residual at the six stations. From the analyses of the coherence of several parameters, the pressure difference over the Gulf area did not give a noticeable effect with either the daily observed sea level or the daily sea level residual. Generally speaking, the important factor affecting the sea level variation in the Arabian Gulf is the pressure system covering the area either during the summer or the winter seasons

Validated stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of ebastine in pharmaceutical preparations

Two sensitive, selective, economic, and validated spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for the determination of ebastine (EBS) in pharmaceutical preparations depending on reaction with its tertiary amino group. Method I involves condensation of the drug with mixed anhydrides (citric and acetic anhydrides) producing a product with intense fluorescence, which was measured at 496 nm after excitation at 388 nm

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Variation of Sea Level on the Egyptian Mediterranean and Red Sea Coasts

Records for an 11-year period (1956–1966) from tide gauges at Alexandria and Port Said (Mediterranean), and Port Teufik (Red Sea) have been analysed and the relation between the mean monthly sea level and the meteorological factors examined. The seasonal and annual variations of sea level at these three ports were studied. At Alexandria and Port Said significant coherence was found between the monthly mean sea level and the atmospheric pressure. At Port Teufik the fluctuation of sea level can be mainly attributed to the wind and current regimes. The nontidal pattern of water circulation in the Suez Canal is chiefly affected by the wind regime at the two ends of the canal

Temperature, Salinity and Circulation in Saudi Coastal Waters (Arabian Gulf) during May 1985

1-8Temperature salinity, and current measurements were made hourly at 6 stations in Saudi coastal waters during 19 to 29 May 1985. The surface temperature decreased from Ras Tanura to Manifa and the water mixing off Ras Tanura was higher than in any other region of the Saudi coastal water. Salinity increased from surface to bottom and from Manifa to Ras Tanura. T-S diagram showed 2 distinct water masses at most of the stations. The current measurements showed that the tide-induced current generally tends to flow south through southeastward on flood and west through northwestward on ebb tide. The survey suggests that the general trend of surface circulation pattern along the Saudi coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf is southeastward flow

Variation of Sea Level at Alexandria

The study of the variation of the mean sea level at Alexandria has not been carried out before, although the value of the mean sea level itself was determined by different authorities for other purposes. The value of the mean sea level at Alexandria was determined by the Survey Department of Egypt when it started its first order levelling in 1906. The observations available at that time covered the years 1898 to 1906. They were used to calculate the mean sea level as the mean between the daily readings of high and low levels. This value of the mean sea level is still used as the reference datum for the network of the precise levelling. Dr. Robert Von Sterneck calculated the harmonic constants for Alexandria from one year of observations (1-7-1916 to 1-7-1917). These values were published on sheet No. 2083 of the International Hydrographic Bureau’s Special Publication 26. The object of this paper is to give a general picture of the variation of the mean sea level at Alexandria in relation to the meteorological elements, namely wind speed and pressure

General characteristics of current in front of Port Said, Egypt

This paper is a preliminary investigation of the general characteristics of the current in front of the coastal Mediterranean city: Port Said, Egypt. The study of the current regime in front of Port Said helps environmental engineers to tackle problems as marine port sedimentation and shoreline changes. Surface and bottom current recordings at a single offshore station of depth 104 m located at 31° 34.90′ N, 32° 30.01′ E have been subject to statistical analysis. The measurements showed unexpectedly that bottom currents were relatively stronger than surface currents during May-99

Rapid On-Treatment Response as a Predictor in HCV Infected Naïve Egyptian Patients

Background and Study Aims: Effect of peginterferon and ribavirin treatment on chronic hepatitis C virus infection has been early established. However, predictors of treatment success need more elucidation. The present study is directed to estimate the importance of rapid virological response, and other host and viral factors in naïve Egyptian patients treated with 48 weeks of pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Patients and Methods: A total of 111 naïve Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 were randomly assigned to a treatment regimen consisting of either peginterferon-alpha-2a (180 μg/week) or peginterferon-alpha-2b (1.5 μg/Kg/week) plus oral ribavirin (10.6 mg/Kg/day). This treatment was given for 48 weeks with a 24-week follow-up. The endpoint was sustained virological response. Results: Overall, sustained virological response was achieved by 85 (70.2%) patients, while 26 (21.5%) patients relapsed. Rapid virological response occurred in 95 patients where 77 (84.6%) of them attained SVR and 14 (15.4%) of them relapsed (P\lt;0.001). Concerning host and viral factors, age, gender and pretreatment viral load, they all did not influence the outcome of therapy. On the other hand, higher liver fibrosis stage according to Metavir score (F3) significantly modified the sustained virological response compared to stage F1 with an Odds ratio 5.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-31.0) and compared to F2 with an Odds ratio 7.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-40.9). Conclusion: Rapid virological response is an independent factor that influences the sustained virological response. Besides, low pretreatment fibrosis stage is a predictor of sustained virological response

التنبؤ بإرتفاع مستوى سطح البحر الناشىء عن العواصف في موسم الشتاء عند الأسكندرية

Since storms frequently occur in the winter season, at Alexandria, SE of the Mediterranean Sea. storm surges often affect this area. In this paper, we attempt to forecast the storm surge heights in the commercial Western Harbor of Alexandria, during both strong and moderate storms, using statistical multiple regression analysis. On applying different statistical models and after validation, the present results showed that a strong surge (Y) can be forecast using a three hour prognosis model expressed by: (Y=0.85* HT12 +0.84* n3 +2.27* p3), where HT12 is the mean surge height over 12 hours proceeding the forecast time. n3 and p3 are the wind velocity component normal to the shore in (knots) and the atmospheric pressure (mb) respectively three hours before the forecast time. On the other hand, three equations were found to be convenient to forecast the moderate surge at Alexandria. The occurrence of strong or moderate surges cases could be forecast using the meteorological synoptic conditions over the Eastern Mediterranean.نتيجة لتعرض المنطقة الساحلية بالأسكندرية للعواصف الجوية لاسيما خلال فصل الشتاء ، فإن مستوى سطح الماء يتأثر سواء ا بارتفاع أو الإنخفاض مما يؤثر على المنشأت الساحلية والتخطيط العمراني بالقرب من السواحل . ويمثل هذ ا البحث محاولة للتنبؤ بإرتفاعات المياه الناشئة عن العواصف الجوية القوية والمتوسطة القوة عند الساحل وذلك باستخدام نماذج إحصائية مبنية على تحليل العلاقات متعددة المتغيرات . وقد استنتجت معادلات يمكن إستخدامها في هذا التنبؤ . وقد وجد أن أهم المتغيرات في حالة العواصف الجوية القوية هي متوسط الإرتفاعات الناشئة عن العوامل الجولة خلال 12 ساعة قبل العاصفة ، وكذلك سرعة الرياح عموديا على الساحل والضغط الجوي عند الأسكندرية قبل العاصفة بثلاث ساعات . كما وجدت عدة معدلات للتنبؤ بالعواصف المتوسطة . ويمكن معرفة نوع العواصف من حيث قوتها مسبقا باستخدام الخرائط المتتابعة لتوزيع الضغوط الجوي