20,719 research outputs found
Information, information processing and gravity
I discuss fundamental limits placed on information and information processing
by gravity. Such limits arise because both information and its processing
require energy, while gravitational collapse (formation of a horizon or black
hole) restricts the amount of energy allowed in a finite region. Specifically,
I use a criterion for gravitational collapse called the hoop conjecture. Once
the hoop conjecture is assumed a number of results can be obtained directly:
the existence of a fundamental uncertainty in spatial distance of order the
Planck length, bounds on information (entropy) in a finite region, and a bound
on the rate of information processing in a finite region. In the final section
I discuss some cosmological issues related to the total amount of information
in the universe, and note that almost all detailed aspects of the late universe
are determined by the randomness of quantum outcomes. This paper is based on a
talk presented at a 2007 Bellairs Research Institute (McGill University)
workshop on black holes and quantum information.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, revte
Numerical Evidence for Robustness of Environment-Assisted Quantum Transport
Recent theoretical studies show that decoherence process can enhance
transport efficiency in quantum systems. This effect is known as
environment-assisted quantum transport (ENAQT). The role of ENAQT in optimal
quantum transport is well investigated, however, it is less known how robust
ENAQT is with respect to variations in the system or its environment
characteristic. Toward answering this question, we simulated excitonic energy
transfer in Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) photosynthetic complex. We found that
ENAQT is robust with respect to many relevant parameters of environmental
interactions and Frenkel-exciton Hamiltonian including reorganization energy,
bath frequency cutoff, temperature, and initial excitations, dissipation rate,
trapping rate, disorders, and dipole moments orientations. Our study suggests
that the ENAQT phenomenon can be exploited in robust design of highly efficient
quantum transport systems.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1104.481
S. H. Lloyd to Mr. Meredith (3 October 1962)
https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1100/thumbnail.jp
Validity, reliability, acceptability, and utility of the Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience (SInQUE): a clinical tool to facilitate social inclusion amongst people with severe mental health problems.
BACKGROUND: Individuals with severe mental health problems are at risk of social exclusion, which may complicate their recovery. Mental health and social care staff have, until now, had no valid or reliable way of assessing their clients' social inclusion. The Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience (SInQUE) was developed to address this. It assesses five domains: social integration; productivity; consumption; access to services; and political engagement, in the year prior to first psychiatric admission (T1) and the year prior to interview (T2) from which a total score at each time point can be calculated. AIMS: To establish the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the SInQUE in individuals with a broad range of psychiatric diagnoses receiving care from community mental health services and its utility for mental health staff. METHOD: Participants were 192 mental health service users with psychosis, personality disorder, or common mental disorder (e.g., depression, anxiety) who completed the SInQUE alongside other validated outcome measures. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a sub-sample of 30 participants and inter-rater reliability was assessed in 11 participants. SInQUE ratings of 28 participants were compared with those of a sibling with no experience of mental illness to account for shared socio-cultural factors. Acceptability and utility of the tool were assessed using completion rates and focus groups with staff. RESULTS: The SInQUE demonstrated acceptable convergent validity. The total score and the Social Integration domain score were strongly correlated with quality of life, both in the full sample and in the three diagnostic groups. Discriminant validity and test-retest reliability were established across all domains, although the test-retest reliability on scores for the Service Access and Political Engagement domains prior to first admission to hospital (T1) was lower than other domains. Inter-rater reliability was excellent for all domains at T1 and T2. CONCLUSIONS: The component of the SInQUE that assesses current social inclusion has good psychometric properties and can be recommended for use by mental health staff
Geometrical effects on energy transfer in disordered open quantum systems
We explore various design principles for efficient excitation energy
transport in complex quantum systems. We investigate energy transfer efficiency
in randomly disordered geometries consisting of up to 20 chromophores to
explore spatial and spectral properties of small natural/artificial
Light-Harvesting Complexes (LHC). We find significant statistical correlations
among highly efficient random structures with respect to ground state
properties, excitonic energy gaps, multichromophoric spatial connectivity, and
path strengths. These correlations can even exist beyond the optimal regime of
environment-assisted quantum transport. For random configurations embedded in
spatial dimensions of 30 A and 50 A, we observe that the transport efficiency
saturates to its maximum value if the systems contain 7 and 14 chromophores
respectively. Remarkably, these optimum values coincide with the number of
chlorophylls in (Fenna-Matthews-Olson) FMO protein complex and LHC II monomers,
respectively, suggesting a potential natural optimization with respect to
chromophoric density.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures. Expanded from the former appendix to
arXiv:1104.481
A quantum-mechanical Maxwell's demon
A Maxwell's demon is a device that gets information and trades it in for
thermodynamic advantage, in apparent (but not actual) contradiction to the
second law of thermodynamics. Quantum-mechanical versions of Maxwell's demon
exhibit features that classical versions do not: in particular, a device that
gets information about a quantum system disturbs it in the process. In
addition, the information produced by quantum measurement acts as an additional
source of thermodynamic inefficiency. This paper investigates the properties of
quantum-mechanical Maxwell's demons, and proposes experimentally realizable
models of such devices.Comment: 13 pages, Te
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