Seasonal variation of ichthyofauna in trawling grounds off Mangaluru coast, Southwest coast of India

364-372Mangaluru coast, Southwest coast of India has vast aquatic bio-resources and offers considerable scope for marine fisheries development. The present investigation was carried out to assess the ichthyofaunal diversity off Mangaluru coast, Karnataka, India (Lat.12°50'54" N; Long. 74°50'11" E). The data for the study was collected from 160 multiday trawlers operating from Mangaluru fishing harbour during September, 2012 to April, 2013. A total of 97 species belonging to 72 genera, 50 families and 15 orders were recorded. Order Perciformes was the most diversified group having 56 fish species (57.7 %) followed by Clupeiformes 14 fish species (14.4 %), and Tetraodontiformes and Pleuronectiformes with 4 fish species each (4.1 %). The family Carangidae contributed 13.4 per cent of total number of species, followed by Clupeidae (6.2 %) and Engraulidae (5.2 %). Trichiurus lepturus contributed 15.42 per cent of total landing followed by Sardinella longiceps (12.1 %), Nemipterus japonicus (10.7 %), Decapterus russelli (9.9 %), Rastrelliger kanagurta (9.6 %) and Nemipterus randalli (8.4 %). The overall cluster analysis of the Bray-Curtis similarity (hierarchical clustering) shown that maximum similarity (89.7 %) was between March-2013 and April-2013. The study showed that the samples from adjacent months were having more similarity in species composition and abundance. The stress value, which overlying on the MDS plot (0.06), showed greater extent of ordination in the collected samples

PL-AOMDV: An Enhanced Energy Efficient Multipath Routing for MANETs

Multipath routing protocols are more prominent in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), as they beat certain impediments of single-path routing. Contrasted with single-path routing methodologies they have numerous points of interest in term of lower end-to-end delay, higher throughput, higher energy efficiency and network lifetime. Energy efficiency is essential prerequisites in numerous applications as nodes in MANETs are battery worked. In this paper, Power and Load Aware Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing (PL-AOMDV) is presented. PL-AOMDV is a multipath routing protocol which chooses ways between source-destination pair in light of a consolidated cost function. The cost function is registered by considering remaining battery strength of a node and its present traffic. This article assesses the execution of PL-AOMDV by contrasting it with existing protocol AOMDV. Simulation results recommend that the proposed protocol has lower energy consumption, higher packet delivery ratio and throughput

Reproductive biology of the commercially important Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii (d’ Orbigny [in 1835) off Mangalore, south-west coast of India

Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii is one of the commercially important inshore squid resources off the south-west coast of India. Length-weight relationship for this species indicated no significant difference between the sexes and hence, the relationship for both the sexes was represented with the common equation W = 0.4624 L2.1158. U. (P.) duvaucelii spawned throughout the year with peak spawning in May. Absolute fecundity ranged from 1,545 to 13,585 eggs with an average of 7,554 eggs. Size at first maturity indicated that females matured earlier at 70 mm DML (dorsal mantle length) whereas males matured little later at 90 mm DML. Males were observed to be dominant during most of the study period with overall male to female ratio of 1:0.93. Seasonal and size dependent variations in sex ratio were distinct

Stock structure analysis of Splendid ponyfish Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier, 1829) along Indian coast using truss network system

434-443Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier, 1829) also called Splendid ponyfish, is commercially important and has wide distribution along the Indian coast. The species shows dominance along the south-west and south-east coast but there is no detailed information on the stock structure available from Indian waters. Therefore the present study focused on understanding the stock structure based on putative spawning stock. Fish samples were collected from five locations: Three from the west and two from the east coast. Twenty-four morphometric variables were measured using a box-truss network method. Principal component analysis delineated the population into east and west coast stocks. With respect to locations, each sampling unit formed separate clusters, thus representing isolated stocks. The samples from Mangaluru produced a single clustering with Kozhikode samples indicating that the morphological profiles of these two populations are homogeneous. Multiple comparisons on the factor scores indicated two independent stocks on the east coast, whereas the fishery on the west coast is replenished by a single stock on south-west coast but a separate stock on the north-west coast. Thus, information on the spatial structure of phenotypic stock makes it mandatory to understand the biology and dynamics of these isolated stocks of E. splendens separately and thereby a traditional stock assessment should be performed to estimate current resource status stock-wise in terms of biological reference points

Finfish constituents of trawl low value by-catch off Mangalore

Trawling remains a controversial method of fishing due to the poor selectivity of trawl net and catching of hugequantity and diversity of non target fishes. By-catch is recognised as an unavoidable portion of fish catch but quantity variesaccording to the type of gear operated. FAO has considered the resource damage due to discarding of by-catch as serious issue.Mangalore fisheries harbour is one among the major fishing harbours of Karnataka state with its significant contribution tothe Trawl landings. The study was conducted to assess the recourse damage due to indiscriminate fishing and landing of juveniles of commercially important species in low value by-catch due to smaller size and improper handling. The quantity of lowvalue by-catch was estimated from the landings of single-day and multi-day trawler landings for the period of August 2012 toMay 2013. The quantity of low value by-catch (trash fish) generated by trawlers of Mangalore was estimated as 32,426 t (19%of the total trawl catch). A total 121 species of finfishes belonging to 55 families have been identified constituting the low valueby-catch. Order Perciformes contributed 61.16 per cent (74 species) to the total number of species, followed by Clupeiformesand other groups, whereas the family Carangidae contributed 11.57 per cent (14 species) to the total number of species, followedby Engraulidae and other families. Presence of wide diversity of finfishes in low value by-catch showed an alarming signal of fisheries resource damage

Brown−Vialetto−Van Laere and Fazio−Londe syndromes: SLC52A3 mutations with puzzling phenotypes and inheritance

BACKGROUND: Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere Syndrome (BVVLS) and Fazio-Londe Disease (FLD) are rare neurological disorders presenting with pontobulbar palsy, muscle weakness, and respiratory insufficiency. Mutations in SLC52A2 (hRFVT-2) or SLC52A3 (hRFVT-3) genes can be responsible for these disorders with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. The aim of this study is to screen for mutations in SLC52A2 and SLC52A3 among Indian families diagnosed with BVVLS and FLD. METHODS: SLC52A2 and SLC52A3 were screened in one FLD and three BVVLS patients by exon-specific amplification using PCR and sequencing. In silico predictions using bioinformatics tools and confocal imaging using HEK-293 cells were performed to determine the functional impact of identified mutations. RESULTS: Genetic analysis of a mother and son with BVVLS was identified with a novel homozygous mutation c.710C>T (p.Ala237Val) in SLC52A3. This variant was found to have autosomal pseudo-dominant pattern of inheritance, which was neither listed in the Exome variant server or in 1000 genomes database. In silico analysis and confocal imaging of the p.Ala237Val variant showed higher degree of disorderness in hRFVT3 that could affect riboflavin transport. Furthermore, a common homozygous mutation c.62A>G (p.Asn21Ser) was identified in other BVVLS and FLD patients. Despite having different clinical phenotypes, both BVVLS and FLD disorder can be attributed to this mutation. CONCLUSION: A rare and peculiar pattern of autosomal pseudo-dominant inheritance is observed for the first time in two genetically related BVVLS cases with Indian origin and a common mutation c.62A>G (p.Asn21Ser) in SLC52A3 can be responsible for both BVVLS and FLD with variable phenotypes

Assessment of the status of empowerment of fisherwomen in Coastal Karnataka

Assessment of the status of empowerment of fisherwomen in Coastal Karnatak

Transcriptomic profile of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal encephalopathy

A rapid and early diagnostic test to identify the encephalopathic babies at risk of adverse outcome may accelerate the development of neuroprotectants. We examined if a whole blood transcriptomic signature measured soon after birth,predicts adverse neurodevelopmental outcomeeighteenmonths after neonatal encephalopathy.We performed next generation sequencing on whole blood ribonucleic acid obtained within sixhours of birth from the first 47encephalopathic babies recruited to the Hypothermia for Encephalopathy in Low and middle-income countries (HELIX)trial. Two infants with blood culture positive sepsis were excluded, and the data from remaining 45 were analysed. A total of 855genes were significantly differentially expressed between the good and adverse outcome groups, of which RGS1and SMC4 werethe most significant. Biological pathway analysis adjusted for gender, trial randomisation allocation (cooling therapy versus usual care) and estimated blood leukocyte proportions revealed over-representation of genes from pathways related to melatoninand polo-like kinase in babieswith adverse outcome. These preliminary data suggest that transcriptomic profiling may be a promising tool for rapid risk stratification in neonatal encephalopathy. It may provide insights into biological mechanismsand identify novel therapeutic targetsfor neuroprotection

Hypothermia for moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries (HELIX): a randomised controlled trial in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh

Background: Although therapeutic hypothermia reduces death or disability after neonatal encephalopathy in high-income countries, its safety and efficacy in low-income and middle-income countries is unclear. We aimed to examine whether therapeutic hypothermia alongside optimal supportive intensive care reduces death or moderate or severe disability after neonatal encephalopathy in south Asia. Methods: We did a multicountry open-label, randomised controlled trial in seven tertiary neonatal intensive care units in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. We enrolled infants born at or after 36 weeks of gestation with moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy and a need for continued resuscitation at 5 min of age or an Apgar score of less than 6 at 5 min of age (for babies born in a hospital), or both, or an absence of crying by 5 min of age (for babies born at home). Using a web-based randomisation system, we allocated infants into a group receiving whole body hypothermia (33·5°C) for 72 h using a servo-controlled cooling device, or to usual care (control group), within 6 h of birth. All recruiting sites had facilities for invasive ventilation, cardiovascular support, and access to 3 Tesla MRI scanners and spectroscopy. Masking of the intervention was not possible, but those involved in the magnetic resonance biomarker analysis and neurodevelopmental outcome assessments were masked to the allocation. The primary outcome was a combined endpoint of death or moderate or severe disability at 18–22 months, assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (third edition) and a detailed neurological examination. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02387385. Findings: We screened 2296 infants between Aug 15, 2015, and Feb 15, 2019, of whom 576 infants were eligible for inclusion. After exclusions, we recruited 408 eligible infants and we assigned 202 to the hypothermia group and 206 to the control group. Primary outcome data were available for 195 (97%) of the 202 infants in the hypothermia group and 199 (97%) of the 206 control group infants. 98 (50%) infants in the hypothermia group and 94 (47%) infants in the control group died or had a moderate or severe disability (risk ratio 1·06; 95% CI 0·87–1·30; p=0·55). 84 infants (42%) in the hypothermia group and 63 (31%; p=0·022) infants in the control group died, of whom 72 (36%) and 49 (24%; p=0·0087) died during neonatal hospitalisation. Five serious adverse events were reported: three in the hypothermia group (one hospital readmission relating to pneumonia, one septic arthritis, and one suspected venous thrombosis), and two in the control group (one related to desaturations during MRI and other because of endotracheal tube displacement during transport for MRI). No adverse events were considered causally related to the study intervention. Interpretation: Therapeutic hypothermia did not reduce the combined outcome of death or disability at 18 months after neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries, but significantly increased death alone. Therapeutic hypothermia should not be offered as treatment for neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries, even when tertiary neonatal intensive care facilities are available. Funding: National Institute for Health Research, Garfield Weston Foundation, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Translations: For the Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Singhalese, Tamil, Marathi and Bangla translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

Dietary Threonine Requirement Of Indian Major Carp, Cirrhinus Mrigala (Hamilton), Juveniles

A growth study was conducted to determine the dietary threonine requirement of juveniles of the Indian major carp (Cirrhinus mrigala) known as “mrigal”. Diets containing casein and gelatin as sources of intact proteins were supplemented with crystalline amino acids to obtain a crude pro- tein content of 40%. Six diets with different levels of threonine (1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9 and 2.1%) were fed to triplicate groups of mrigal juveniles twice a day for 56 days. The dietary threonine requirement, estimated by break-point analysis, was 1.66% of the dry diet (4.15% of the dietary protein). The highest growth and specific growth rate were recorded in fish fed the diet contain- ing 1.7% threonine