Ecological assessment of wetland ecosystems of northern Kazakhstan on the basis of hydrochemistry and algal biodiversity

We studied diversity of algae and cyanobacteria in the wetlands of protected natural lakes with salinity ranging from 0.19 up to 32.7 in the arid/semiarid regions of Northern Kazakhstan. In plankton and periphyton of 34 lakes, we found 254 species belonging to 113 genera of 8 algal divisions. The diversity in arid regions is represented by widespread species of diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria in similar proportions. Alkaliphiles, among the indicators of acidification, and betamesosaprobionts, among the indicators of saprobity, predominated. The indices of saprobity in lakes varied from 1.47 to 2.7, reflecting low-trophic and low anthropogenically disturbed wetlands. Oligohalobes- -indifferents are most common. Highly diverse algal communities were found irrespective of various levels of mineralization. As a consequence of aridization, salinity increase suppressed algal diversity. The mineralization was the most important variable defining the diversity levels, irrespective of the type and location of wetland lakes in the arid regions

Petr A. Stolypin and the Russian Nobility

Introduction. The article examines the attitude of the Russian nobility to the reformatory activity of Chairman of the Council of the Ministers of the Russian Empire P.A. Stolypin. The authors focus on the analysis of the attitude of the conservative wing of the noble elite represented in the State Duma, the State Council, the Council of the United Nobility, the Council for Local Economy under the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the government policy. Methods. In the historiography of the problem three periods are highlighted. It was found that up to 90s of the 20th century negative evaluation of the personality and activity of P.A. Stolypin remained in the scientific literature. Only in the modern period of the Russian historiography development many mythologems were criticized and there appeared scientific works that overcame many stereotypes and dogmatic representations about the last Russian reformer’s life and activity on the basis of the complex of documentary sources. Analysis. The regional nobility sharply criticized the new government agricultural policy, despite the fact that a large part of landowners and nobles reacted positively to implementing Stolypin’s agrarian reform. Stolypin’s program of updating Russia was ambiguously perceived by the elite of the Russian nobility. Such bills as “On the Extension of the Regulation on Zemsky Institutions to Vitebsk, Volyn, Kiev, Minsk, Mogilev and Podolsk Provinces”, “On Amending and Supplementing the Existing Laws on Uezd Establishments in the Provinces”, “On Establishing the Main Principles for Organizing Provincial Institutions” were met with hostility and regarded as an encroachment on traditional privileges of the noble class. Other bills of Stolypin did not find much support among the nobility as well. His fall began immediately after the appeasement of the country. Results. His legislative activity, the desire to accelerate the process of Russia’s renewal irritated not only the conservative wing of the noble elite, but also Emperor Nicholas II. The tragedy of the last imperial reformer P.A. Stolpin was that he had no social support either among the ruling elite and the nobility, or in society, that eventually led to his isolation and tragic death

Influence of parental compliance on the effectiveness of treatment of chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children

The article focuses on the studies which point to particular difficulties in achieving compliance in pediatrics. A dangerous trend to escalate the number and doses of antibiotics in anti- Helicobacter pylori (HP) schemes, the dosage frequency and course duration of eradication therapy considerably complicates a patient’s compliance to the treatment and contributes to a further growth of HP antibiotic resistance. In the treatment of children, the control of the outpatient therapy largely depends on the patient’s parent

Development of a Li2MoO4 scintillating bolometer for low background physics

We present the performance of a 33 g Li2MoO4 crystal working as a scintillating bolometer. The crystal was tested for more than 400 h in a dilution refrigerator installed in the underground laboratory of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy). This compound shows promising features in the frame of neutron detection, dark matter search (solar axions) and neutrinoless double-beta decay physics. Low temperature scintillating properties were investigated by means of different alpha, beta/gamma and neutron sources, and for the first time the Light Yield for different types of interacting particle is estimated. The detector shows great ability of tagging fast neutron interactions and high intrinsic radiopurity levels (< 90 \muBq/kg for 238-U and < 110 \muBq/kg for 232-Th).Comment: revised versio

HoughNet: Integrating Near and Long-Range Evidence for Bottom-Up Object Detection

© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.This paper presents HoughNet, a one-stage, anchor-free, voting-based, bottom-up object detection method. Inspired by the Generalized Hough Transform, HoughNet determines the presence of an object at a certain location by the sum of the votes cast on that location. Votes are collected from both near and long-distance locations based on a log-polar vote field. Thanks to this voting mechanism, HoughNet is able to integrate both near and long-range, class-conditional evidence for visual recognition, thereby generalizing and enhancing current object detection methodology, which typically relies on only local evidence. On the COCO dataset, HoughNet’s best model achieves 46.4 AP (and 65.1 AP50), performing on par with the state-of-the-art in bottom-up object detection and outperforming most major one-stage and two-stage methods. We further validate the effectiveness of our proposal in another task, namely, “labels to photo” image generation by integrating the voting module of HoughNet to two different GAN models and showing that the accuracy is significantly improved in both cases. Code is available at https://github.com/nerminsamet/houghnet

Международный сравнительный анализ роли малых и средних предприятий в национальной экономике: статистическое исследование

The article addresses a variety of approaches to compiling indicators for development of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) sector in Russia and some developed economies and developing economies. A point of emphasis is various identification criteria for SME attributed to objective institutional characteristics of the countries, differences in economic structure, and objectives of government policy. The study aims at comparing SME sector development levels in Russia and other countries to identify best practices and pinpoint target settings (lay down guidelines) for entrepreneurship policymaking. The article discusses the criteria used in different countries to define small and medium-sized enterprises. It outlines key challenges related to using cross-cutting criteria developed by international organizations. The paper suggests adjustments to defining the role of the SME sector in the Russian economy.  The authors reveal differences between the way international organizations and Russian official statistics present and report statistics; this concerns the coverage of subjects of statistical observation that are defined as small and medium-sized enterprises. International comparisons refer to the small and medium-sized enterprises in the business sector (that is, without the banking sector and the public sector), while in Russia they usually refer to official statistics for the entire economy.  According to the authors, when using the valid approach, the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian economy is comparable with the corresponding values for the large countries with capital-intensive industries. Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in Russia differs from that in developed countries in the ratio of private and public sectors, the export potential of small firms, the prevalence of technology startups and the ratio of open and shadow economic activities. The article emphasizes the importance of analyzing the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy when making management decisions of a strategic nature. The SME sector performs many important socio-economic functions, including job creation and employment, the contribution to value-added production and exports, economic growth and increased competitiveness of the economy, personalized customer satisfaction, the creation of new industries and economic diversification.В статье рассмотрены подходы к сравнению индикаторов развития сектора малых и средних предприятий (МСП) России и ряда экономически развитых и развивающихся стран. Акцентируется внимание на разных критериях идентификации МСП, обусловленных объективными институциональными особенностями стран, различиями в структуре экономики и задачами го­сударственной политики. Основная цель исследования сопоставление уровня развития сектора малых и средних предприятий в России и других странах для определения целевых ориентиров политики в сфере предпринимательства.  Проведен сбор данных и анализ существующих в разных странах критериев отнесения предприятий к категории малых и средних; выделены основные проблемы использования сквозных методик, разработанных международными организациями; пред­ложены корректировки для определения роли сектора МСП в экономике России. Выявлены различия в представлении статистических данных международными организациями и российской официальной статистикой, прежде всего в охвате субъектов статистического наблюдения, относимых к среднему и малому бизнесу. Так, в международных сопоставлениях учитывается, как правило, роль малых и средних компаний в общем числе компаний, то есть исключаются банки, бюджетные организации и т. д., в то время как в России приводятся данные, относящиеся ко всей экономике в целом.  По мнению авторов, при применении корректного подхода роль сектора малых и средних фирм в экономике России сопоставима с соответствующими значениями для крупных стран с капиталоемкими производствами. Малое и среднее предпринимательство в России отличается от сектора МСП развитых стран по таким характеристикам, как соотношение частного и государствен­ного секторов, экспортный потенциал малых фирм, распространенность технологических стартапов и соотношение открытой и теневой экономической деятельности.  В статье подчеркивается значимость анализа роли малого и среднего предпринимательства в экономике при принятии управленческих решений стратегического характера. Сектор МСП выполняет ряд важных социально-экономических функций, среди которых создание рабочих мест и обеспечение занятости населения, вклад в производство добавленной стоимости и экс­порт, экономический рост и повышение конкурентоспособности экономики, персонализированное удовлетворение потребностей потребителей, создание новых отраслей и диверсификация экономики.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОБУЧЕНИЮ АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ СТУДЕНТОВ ИТ-СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПРОЕКТНОЙ МЕТОДИКИ: ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

This article is dedicated to the problem of teachingEnglish to IТ-students on the basis of new information technologies to form the communicative competenceof future specialists. Project methodology is suggested to be one of the most efficient ways of forming thecommunicative competence of future IT- specialists.Данная статья посвящена проблеме обучения студентовинформационно-технологическихспециальностей английскому языку на базе новых информационныхтехнологийсцельюформирования коммуникативной компетенции будущих специалистов. Однимизнаиболееэффективных путейформированияпрофессиональнойкоммуникативнойкомпетенциибудущегоспециалиста в области ИТ является применение проектной методики, в рамках которой студенты участвоваливсозданиикомплексаэлектронныхучебнометодических пособий (ЭУМП)

ПОДХОДЫ К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДОЛИНЫ МГУ ИМ. М.В. ЛОМОНОСОВА

LomonosovMoscowStateUniversityis a leading Russian institution of higher education, the only one included in the top 100 authoritative global ranking – ARWU (Shanghairanking). Since 2014 it is planned to implement a large-scale project of theTechnologyValleyinRussia, the research world-class center associated with the University. The paper analyzes the main approaches to the implementation of the project, based on the analysis of international experience. We formulated recommendations for its implementation. In the modern world, the competitiveness of the country is determined by its ability to create opportunities for human potential, to attract and retain the most talented people. TheTechnologyValleyproject inRussiashould be developed regarding to its local position advantages and theMoscowuniversity development goals should also be taken into account. The accelerated development of the project can become a successful anti-crisis strategy. МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова – это ведущий университет России, единственный входящий в топ-100 авторитетного глобального рейтинга ARWU (Шанхайский рейтинг). С 2014 года в России планируется реализация масштабного проекта создания Технологической долины, научно-исследовательского центра мирового уровня, связанного с университетом. В работе проанализированы основные подходы к реализации данного проекта на основе изучения международного опыта. Сформулированы рекомендации по его реализации. В современном мире конкурентоспособность страны определяется созданными возможностями для раскрытия человеческого потенциала, для привлечения и удержания наиболее талантливых людей. Проект создания Технологической долины должен реализовываться с учетом преимуществ, обусловленных его расположением вблизи Московского университета, и способствовать развитию самого университета. Проект может стать успешной антикризисной стратегией.

Инновационная деятельность быстрорастущих компаний как условие по вышения их конкурентоспособности

This article was conducted to identify the impact of innovative and scientific activities on competitiveness of fast growing Russian companies. The authors demonstrated that the competitiveness of domestic companies depends on their expenditures on R&amp;D and technological innovation, the costs of staff training and other factors. Dataset for the study is based on the national ranking of fast-growing high-tech companies «TechUp 2013».Данная статья направлена на выявление влияния научно-технологической и инновационной деятельности на повышение конкурентоспособности быстрорастущих компаний в России. Авторы показали, что конкурентоспособность отечественных компаний зависит от их расходов на НИОКР и технологические инновации, затрат на обучение персонала и ряда других факторов. Информационной основой для исследования послужили данные национального рейтинга быстрорастущих высокотехнологичных компаний «ТехУспех‑2013»