Perceptions of professional competences in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE)

Students' skills acquisition is one of the main aims of higher education institutions. On the one hand, the development of professional competences is important, but on the other hand, it is known that professionals who feel competent have a more intrinsic motivation in their jobs. The goal of this study was to describe and detail the perceptions of students, graduates, and their university tutors about the level of acquisition by students of professional competences. The methodology was based on a descriptive and comparative study that included a total sample of 2075 participants of the Degree in Primary Teaching and the Degree in Physical Activity and Sport Science. All of them came from 21 different universities of Spain: 345 university tutors, 1243 students, and 487 graduates. The instrument used was a competences perception questionnaire. The statistical analysis included means, standard deviations, and an ANOVA analysis. The results show discrepancies in the perceptions of proficiency levels between students and graduates, on one hand, and university tutors, on the other. Likewise, there was general agreement that competences related to critic capacity and motor games were the most acquired and programs for individuals with special needs were the least acquired

Intervención psicosocial, redes sociales y estilos de vida. Conceptos de referencia y abordaje en la salud mental del país.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir y caracterizar la relación actual y futura de la Psicología social aplicada con el campo de las políticas y programas sociales. Destacando como dimensión central de esta relación el área de la salud mental,se analizan los factores macrosociales y microsociales en el contexto sociohistórico de cambios que ocurren en el país y su impacto en procesos de subjetividad y calidad de vida. Desde el enfoque de la intervención psicosocial en redes, se da cuenta de esta propuesta, su racionalidad, fundamentos y orientaciones. A partir de los aspectos derivados del contexto cultural y sociopolítico y del carácter de los actores de procesos sociales en ambientes desfavorecidos y deprivados de poder se propone destacar un cambio en las orientaciones para mejorar la validez ética, las significaciones y el aporte real de este enfoque.The purpose of this article is to describe and characterize the present and future relationship between Social appIied psychology and both political and social programs fields. Assigning to the mental health area as a central part of this relationship, macro and microsocial factors are analized in the socio-historic context of the changes occurred in the country and its impact in both subjetivity and life quality process. Since the focus of psychosocial nets intervention, take counsieuss of this proposal, its racionality, fundamentation and perspectives. From of both cultural and sociopolitical context derivative aspects and actor's character of social process in ambients both disfavoring and without power it suggests to enfathize a perspective's change to improve the ethics validity, the implications and the real contribution of this focus

Dissemination, implementation, and evaluation of an effective school-based intervention to promote physical activity in adolescents: a study protocol

Adolescents around the world do not engage in sufficient physical activity and the Spanish context is no exception. Understanding the educational context as a complex system, school-based multi-level and multi-component interventions seem to be an effective strategy to reverse this trend. Moreover, a co-creational approach seems to facilitate the mobilization of community partnerships and the engagement of stakeholders in the intervention process. This study aims to describe the dissemination, implementation, and evaluation process of an effective school-based intervention program in another setting using the replicating effective programs framework and a co-participatory approach. This study will be conducted in two Spanish secondary schools located in the region of Aragon (experimental vs. control school) in a sample of adolescents in the second grade (13–14 years old). To evaluate the effectiveness, different health behaviors such as physical activity, sleep, sedentary time with screens, nutrition, and psychosocial variables will be quantitatively measured at baseline and after the implementation of the intervention. Qualitative methods will also be used to better understand the implementation process and the co-creation approach, as well as to provide insights into the sustainability of the intervention program. The current study has the potential to provide strong information about the dissemination, implementation, and evaluation process of school-based programs to promote healthy behaviors among adolescents

The Spanish version of the Psychiatric/Mental health clinical placement survey and an assessment of Spanish student attitudes towards mental health

Introduction: The encouragement of positive attitudes towards mental health is necessary in order to improve the quality of healthcare assistance. The attitudes of nursing students towards mental health are unknown, and there are no validated scales for their assessment. Aims: To adapt the Psychiatric/Mental Health Clinical Placement Survey (PMHCPS) to Spanish and examine its psychometric properties; to describe the attitudes of nursing students towards the mental health field. Method: Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA), internal consistency and construct validity were performed. An assessment of the students' attitudes was also conducted. Results: The CFA showed appropriate fit, and total internal consistency was adequate. With regard to construct validity, knowledge was associated with practicum mark. The students achieved above mid‐range scores for all subscales, except negative stereotypes. Gender differences were observed. Discussion: The PMHCPS, translated to Spanish, enables the students' attitude towards the mental health field to be assessed, thus identifying those areas of student attitudes and competencies requiring improvement. Implications for practice: To provide Spanish nursing faculties with access to a scale, with which to assess changes in student attitudes. The assessment results may then be utilized to formulate teaching methods in order to improve the quality of health care the students might provide as future nursing professionals

Obstáculos para la movilidad académica con el programa Erasmus+: Diferencias entre grados universitarios [Barriers to academic mobility with Erasmus+ programme: Differences between bachelor degrees]

Pese al interés creciente que presenta la movilidad académica internacional de los estudiantes universitarios europeos para su inserción profesional posterior, el porcentaje de estudiantes españoles que participan en el programa Erasmus es todavía pequeño. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los principales obstáculos para la movilidad Erasmus percibidos por estudiantes de grado que no han participado en este programa, valorando la existencia de diferencias en función del grado (Sanitario vs. Ciencias Sociales). Se utilizó una encuesta auto-administrada elaborada para un estudio europeo previo en el que participó España. Los resultados muestran el impacto, a nivel general, de la falta de información sobre temas relevantes como: la calidad de la educación en el extranjero, o cómo van a ser evaluados, así como, las barreras económicas por becas insuficientes y retrasos en el pago de las mismas. Los obstáculos que mejor diferencian a los estudiantes de ambos grados están relacionados con la ordenación académica del grado, en concreto, bajo nivel de formación en inglés y presencia de asignaturas anuales, además de características personales del estudiante. Para incrementar la participación, se debería incidir en informar más y comunicar mejor además de incluir modificaciones en el programa académico de los grados que faciliten la movilidad internacional. [Despite the growing interest that presents academic international mobility for European University students for their later in life job prospects, the rate of Spanish students participating in the Erasmus programme is still small. The objective of this research was to determine the main barriers perceived by bachelor students who had not participated in the Erasmus programme assessing the differences between two bachelor degrees (Health vs. Social Sciences). A self-administered survey including reasons not to participate was used that had been set up for a previous European study including Spain. Results reveal the overall impact of lack of information on relevant issues such as the quality of university education system abroad and how they will be evaluated as well as financial barriers such as insufficient Erasmus grants or delays in the first grant payment. The barriers that better differentiate both bachelor degrees students are related to the bachelors’ curriculum i.e. insufficient training in English and presence of annual (vs. semester) courses as well as personal features. To increase participation, the focus should be on improving information and communication both on academic and financial issues, and changes in the bachelors’ curricula.

Efectividad de un programa de estiramientos sobre los niveles de ansiedad de los trabajadores de una plataforma logística: un estudio controlado aleatorizado :

Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad de un programa abreviado de estiramientos sobre los niveles de ansiedad de los trabajadores de una empresa logística española. Método Se llevó adelante un ensayo clínico controlado, con un diseño inter-sujetos, aleatorizado mediante conglomerados. Los participantes fueron asignados al grupo experimental (n = 67), tratado con un programa de estiramientos, de 10' de duración tras la jornada laboral, durante 3 meses, o al grupo control (n = 67), no tratado. La variable resultado principal fue la ansiedad estado y las variables secundarias el burnout, la calidad de vida y la flexibilidad. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA) por intención de tratar sobre las variables resultado, controlando las puntuaciones basales, la edad y la práctica de actividades introyectivas fuera del programa, calculando el tamaño del efecto mediante eta cuadrado parcial (?2). Resultados Los resultados del ANCOVA señalaron un efecto moderado del programa de estiramientos sobre la ansiedad (?2 = 0,06; p = 0,004). También se encontraron efectos elevados en flexibilidad (?2 = 0,13; p < 0,001), moderadamente altos en dolor corporal (?2 = 0,08; p = 0,001), moderados en vitalidad (?2 = 0,05; p = 0,016), salud mental (?2 = 0,05; p = 0,017), salud general (?2 = 0,04; p = 0,028) y agotamiento (?2 = 0,04; p = 0,025). Conclusiones La implementación de un programa de estiramientos en el lugar de trabajo resultó eficaz para disminuir los niveles de ansiedad, dolor corporal y agotamiento, así como para aumentar la vitalidad, salud mental, salud general y flexibilidad. Este tipo de intervención podría constituir una estrategia de bajo coste para la mejora del bienestar de los trabajadores. Objective To study the influence of a short programme of stretching exercises on anxiety levels of workers in a Spanish logistic company. Method A controlled clinical trial was carried out by means of an inter-subject design of random homogeneous blocks. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n = 67), treated with a programme of stretching exercises of 10-minute duration after working hours for a period of 3 months, or to the untreated control group (n = 67). The primary result variable was anxiety, and the secondary variables were burnout syndrome, quality of life and flexibility. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by intention to treat was performed on each of the result variables by controlling the baseline scores, the age and the practice of introjective activities outside the program, with the size effect calculated by means of the partial eta-squared value (?2). Results The results of the ANCOVA showed a moderate effect of the stretching exercise programme on the levels of anxiety (?2 = 0,06; P = .004). Other effects found were substantial for flexibility (?2 = 0,13; P < .001); moderately high for bodily pain (?2 = 0,08; P = .001), and moderate for vitality (?2 = 0,05; P = .016); mental health (?2 = 0,05; P = .017); general health (?2 = 0,04; P = .028) and exhaustion (?2 = 0,04; P = .025). Conclusions The implementation of a short programme of stretching exercises in the work place was effective for reducing levels of anxiety, bodily pain and exhaustion, and for raising levels of vitality, mental health, general health and flexibility. This type of intervention could be seen as a low-cost strategy for improving the well-being of workers

Formación universitaria en actividad física: explorando competencias y evaluación desde las guías docentes

Este estudio persigue analizar, explorar y compararguías docentes de dos titulaciones universitarias españolas de Grado referidas a laformación en actividad físicadesde el modelo basado en competencias. Se realizó un análisis documental delas competencias y un análisis de los sistemas de evaluacíón,desde un prisma formativo,de54 guías docentes deasignaturas de tipología comúnen ambas titulaciones, consiguiéndose,tras ello,variables medibles.Se aplicóun análisis MANOVA Biplot que permitiórepresentar gráficamente las variables que caracterizaron a lasasignaturas. Los resultados mostrarondiferencias sustanciales entre las titulaciones yentre perfiles de asignaturasen el Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, que no acontecieronen el Grado en Magisterio de Educación Primaria mención Educación Física. El estudio muestra un modelo de análisis útil para la evaluación de la calidad de las guías docentes que podría ser extrapolado y ajustado a otras titulaciones. This study seeks to analize, exploreand compareteaching guides of twoSpanish degrees related to training inphysical activity from the competency-bassed model. A documentary analysis of the competencies and an analysis of the assessment systems, according to formative point of view, in 54 subject teaching guides in common typology of both degrees, obtaining at the end mesurables variables.A MANOVA Biplot analysis is applied to graphically represent the variables that characterize each subject profile. Its application shows substantial differences between degrees and, also, between the three subject profiles in the Degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, which do not happendin the Degree in Teacher Initial Training (Physical Education at Primary School). Eventually, the study shows a useful analysis model for evaluatingthe quality of teaching guidesthat could be extrapolatedand metto other degrees

Proxemic behaviour in pre-service teacher training in physical education [Conducta proxémica en la formación inicial del profesorado en educación física]

Pre-service university training in Spain is currently the domain of generic and specific skills which enable graduates to respond effectively to social demands. The main occupation of the physical activity professionals consists of managing groups or individuals who are practising and learning motor activities. The necessary interaction that takes place in this process leads communication skills to play a major role in training. The students in this study led simulated teaching sessions and evaluated themselves and their classmates. Following the sessions, they produced self-reports that revealed proxemic difficulties. These difficulties straddled four categories: Teacher orientation and position; group position and organisation; teacher movement and physical and affective distance-immediacy established between teacher and students. They realised that poor teacher position and orientation vis-à-vis the group hampered proper communication, even leading to disruptive behaviour. They also realised that group organisation cannot be left to chance, in view of its influence on the methodological models followed and their importance in learning, and that the proxemic behaviour of students in a class can provide valuable information for teachers, both for learning and with regard to the emotions that condition the session, such as inhibition in certain body expression exercises. Finally, the students underscored the importance of both physical and emotional immediacy to create an optimal teaching and learning space. La formación inicial universitaria en España representa el dominio de competencias genéricas y específicas, que capaciten a los egresados para responder con eficacia a las demandas sociales. La ocupación mayoritaria de los profesionales de la actividad física es la dirección de grupos o individuos que practican y aprenden actividades motrices. La necesaria interacción que se produce en ese proceso conlleva que las competencias comunicativas estén muy presentes en la formación. El alumnado de este estudio dirigió sesiones de docencia simulada, se autoevaluaron y evaluaron a sus compañeras y compañeros. Al concluir, elaboraron autoinformes que evidenciaban dificultades de orden proxémico, y que se organizaron en cuatro categorías: orientación y disposición del docente; disposición y organización del grupo; desplazamiento del profesor, y distancia-proximidad física y afectiva establecida entre los estudiantes y el docente. Los estudiantes tomaron conciencia de que una deficiente situación y orientación del profesorado hacia el grupo impedía una buena comunicación llegando, incluso, a comportamientos disruptivos. A su vez, también fueron conscientes de que la organización del grupo no puede dejarse al azar dada su influencia sobre los modelos metodológicos seguidos y su importancia en el aprendizaje; igualmente, tomaron nota de que el comportamiento proxémico del alumnado de una clase contiene información valiosa para el profesorado, sobre el aprendizaje, pero también sobre emociones que mediatizan la sesión como la inhibición ante determinadas propuestas de expresión corporal. Finalmente, los estudiantes destacaron la importancia de la proximidad no solo física sino, también afectiva para crear un espacio óptimo para la enseñanza-aprendizaje

Violencia de Reglamento: Análisis de los Reglamentos de convivencia escolar en dos escuelas con alto nivel de violencia reportada de estudiantes a profesores de la Región de Valparaíso, Chile

Sobre la base de un estudio de casos múltiples, se realiza un análisiscrítico documental con estrategias de análisis de contenido, de dos Reglamentos deConvivencia Escolar en dos escuelas públicas (urbana y rural) que presentan altosíndices de violencia escolar, en la Región de Valparaíso, Chile. Los principalesresultados indican que cada Institución construye prácticas sociales particulares, ydinámicas de violencia simbólica y difusa, aunque compartirían la misma funciónsocial: la inculcación de un arbitrario cultural que refleje los valores de un sistemasocial que ubica a los estudiantes de estas escuelas en un determinado lugar social.Para esto, la escuela urbana impone rituales culturales y utiliza estrategias derefuerzo. Por su lado, la escuela rural, se concentra en estrategias de disciplinamientoy renovación del habitus del estudiante. En ambos casos, esta imposición normativaquebraría el diálogo, clausurando la palabra del estudiante