Theoretical aspects of resistance to change

The further our task for solving problems will be a careful study of the nature and mechanisms of resistance which will be allowed to form an effective change management system

Microstructure evolution of commercial-purity titanium during cryorolling

Electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have been used to analyze the microstructural evolution of titanium during rolling at a cryogenic temperature (T = –196°C). It has been found that intensive twinning at the cryogenic deformation temperature accelerates the kinetics of micro structure refinement. The quantitative analysis of microstructure evolution in titanium upon cryorolling has shown that structure evolution is mainly related to mechanical twinning in the initial stages cryorolling is discusse

Ecological and Economic Advantages of Remote Heat Supply from Reactor Plant of Advanced Safety BN-1200

The heat supply based on the combined heat and power production is the basis of rational use of energy resources. This will increase the efficiency of existing nuclear power plants (NPP) and give a significant cut in the nitrogen oxide and greenhousegases emissions from burning fossil fuels. The data of the remote heat transport are summarized. The technical, economic, and ecological preconditions determining the long-distance transportation of heat possibility are given. The estimation of the efficiency of long-distance transport of heat from NPP is made. A variant of a scheme of Ekaterinburg heat supply from Beloyarsk NPP is given. Keywords: nuclear power plant, efficiency, the heat supply based on the combined heat and power production, waste heat, heat pump, radiation safet

Microstructure evolution during warm working of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe at 600 and 800°C

Microstructure evolution during compression to the true height strain 0.29, 0.69, or 1.2 at 600 and 800. °C of the Β-rich titanium alloy Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe (VT22) with an initial lamellar microstructure was established using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that microstructure evolution at both temperatures was controlled primarily by substructure evolution within the Β phase. At 800. °C, extensive recovery within the Β phase resulted in the formation of a stable structure comprising subgrains ~1.5. μm in diameter. During deformation at this temperature, lamellae of the α phase fragmented via a boundary-grooving mechanism. Due to the sluggish diffusion kinetics, however, spheroidization at 800. °C was incomplete. At the lower processing temperature, recovery processes within the Β phase were much slower, leading to greater refinement of the Β matrix. The decomposition of the metastable Β phase during warm working, gave rise to very fine α-lath precipitates, which resulted in the formation of an ultrafine microstructure with a grain size of 0.5. μm. © 2012 Elsevier B.V

Study of natural convection development in narrow vertical channels

The process of heat transfer due to natural convection in narrow vertical water-filled pipes is considered. Experimental and simulation data are given. The mechanism of natural convection development is analysed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Influence of intestinal coccidiosis on weight gain of young cattle

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of coccidiosis infection (cryptosporidiosis, eimeriosis) on the average daily gains in live weight of young cattle.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on animals spontaneously infected with Eimeria spp. And Cryptosporidium spp. According to the principle of analogues, 4 groups of animals were formed, 10 heads each. In the first experiment, the average daily weight gain of 1-20-day-old animals infected with Cryptosporidium (1st experimental group) and clinically healthy calves (1st control group) was compared. For the second experiment, calves at the age of 2-4 months, infected with Eimeria spp. (2nd), were selected, young animals free from infection were selected in the second control group.Results and discussion. In calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp., the average daily gains ranged from 0.597±0.017 to 0.675±0.018 kg. The decrease in growth per day relative to the animals of the control group was, on average, 0.346 kg. The maximum loss of weight gain, 11.0±0.88 kg, was recorded in November. A similar dynamic of the decrease in average daily weight gain was established in animals at eimeriosis. During the research period, the shortfall in live weight of calves infected with Eimeria spp. was 21.5±2.6 kg, which is 12.3 kg less relative to the mass of calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Sharp fluctuations in the reduction of average daily weight gain in this group were not recorded: on average, 0.248±0.113 kg relative to the control group. Thus, the reason for the lack of live weight gain (up to 40 %) in calves in the farm of the Uvinsky district of the Udmurt Republic is intestinal coccidiosis. The minimum indicator of the average daily gain in live weight (0.597±0.017 kg) falls on the group of calves infected with cryptosporidiosis, which is almost 2 times less relative to the gain of animals from the control group

Comparative characteristic of Bi- and La- doped (Ca/Sr)MoO4 -based materials with a defect scheelite-type structure

CaMoO4- and SrMoO4-based scheelite-type phases are noteworthy functional materials, whose properties strongly correlate with their structure. This work is devoted to La- or Bi-doped scheelite-type molybdates. The purpose of the present study is to quantify the effect of isolated electron pairs of bismuth on the distortion of the structure and related properties. Conventional solid-state technology was used for the synthesis of (Ca/Sr)1–3xLa2xФxMoO4 and Sr1–3xBi2xФxMoO4, (0.025≤ x ≤ 0.275). The structure was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Rates of structure distortion were characterised by the analysis of the autocorrelation function (AAF) of Raman spectra. Energy gaps were calculated by the Kubelka-Munk method. The conductivity was studied with a.c. impedance spectroscopy. For (Ca/Sr)1−3x(Bi/La)2xФxMoO4 series 0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.15 compositions show a basic defect scheelite structure, while 0.15 x ≤ 0.225 compositions of Bi-doped samples exhibit tetragonal supercells. The chemical compression of unit cell is more evident in the case of Bi-doping, indicating the preferred orientation of the isolated electron pairs. The distortion of MoO4 polyhedra showed by AAF was more significant for Sr1−3xBi2xФxMoO4 than for Sr1−3xLa2xФxMoO4, the Δcorr parameters for Bi-doped compositions were almost double in comparison with La-doped one in the range of 50–600 cm–1 of the Raman shift. The «critical» x = 0.15 point was also clearly indicated by Δcorr parameter. The AAF of the Raman spectra of solid oxides was shown to be a good tool for prediction of properties and points of phase transitions in solid oxides

Postgraduate Students’ Individual Educational Paths: Design Principles and Implementation Conditions (on the Example of a Technical University)

The article addresses the importance of introducing individual educational paths (IEP) in training research and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate studies. The idea of an individual approach of learning is enshrined in a number of documents including the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”. However, in practice, there are obstacles to the implementation of IEP: the presence of regulatory documents governing the organization of the educational process in higher education, the predominance of the group form of organizing classes, the unpreparedness of teachers for the implementation of the personalized learning model. We find it reasonable to start the implementation of IEP at the level of postgraduate training, given the relative small number of students, as well as their cognitive independence and well-developed educational skills. The design of the IEP will make it possible to better take into account the initial competencies of postgraduate students, their cognitive needs and goals in further career advancement (orientation towards teaching, research, production activities), which are largely determined by the nature and level of professional education.The article reveals the specifics of the training of research and pedagogical personnel in the postgraduate study of a technical university, identifies the factors that have an impact on the way postgraduate students build their learning trajectories, substantiates the principles of IEP design, and describes the stages of personalized learning technology. The research data on the readiness of postgraduate students to design IEP on their own are presented. The results of the survey of post graduate students and their supervisors indicate that there are sufficient grounds for the successful implementation of a personalized learning model using IEP. Postgraduate students of a technical university are well versed in information resources, actively use University’s services of the electronic educational environment. They are able to determine the goals of educational and scientific activities, assess their competencies, and analyze achievements and failures. Most of scientific advisors are ready to assist postgraduate students in IEP designing. The article analyzes the difficulties that universities may encounter when introducing a new teaching model, and substantiates the conditions for the successful implementation of IEP in postgraduate studies

Lev Vygotsky between two revolutions: on the political self-determination of the scientist

The paper presented texts of the three previously unknown Lvygotsky’s journal notes and comments on them. These texts were published in mid-July and early September 1917 in the Jewish weekly «New Path» under the pseudonym «L.S.» and «W». In these texts, Lev Vygotsky describes the features of the political behaviour of the Jewish population in connection with the revolutionary events in Russia. On the one hand, a clear discrepancy between the activation of party work and political rhetoric is mentioned, and on the other hand, reduction of the significance of Jewish communal life is highlighted. As a key characteristic of social and psychological wellbeing of the Jewish population Vygotsky singles out absenteeism, i.e. the lack of interest in politics. Eventually the scientist captures the increase in uncertainty in the Jewish environment and fear of the future political, social and economic reforms in Russia. In the comments on Vygotsky notes, there are definitions relating to the various features of the activities of the Jewish political parties and public organizations, information about various policy documents and staff characterized by social and political situation before the elections in the Consituent Assembly (Uchreditel’noe Sobranie). Particular attention is paid to the analysis of stylistic and structural features of the commented text construction. By implicit quoting the relationship between Vygotsky’s texts and the works of other authors is identified. Particular attention is paid to the author’s attitude to religious texts, which allows to select a characteristic feature of the «double vision» of real events of the revolution against the background of the Jewish history. The comments help to single out features of the political identity of the young Lev Vygotsky in the period between the two revolutions, which is important to study his biography and understanding of his world view