Adoption of russian children by foreign citizens: some problems concerning the implementation of norms of international law

The issues of intercountry adoption are a matter of discussion for all world community in view of the fact that it is practically impossible to ensure proper regulation of all aspects of the adoption procedure and, moreover, it is possible to encounter various conflicting rules for the regulation of the adoption  procedure between the  State of child origin and the receiving State. The article outlines the prospects for ratifying the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in the Field of Intercountry Adoption of 29 May 1993 and the European Convention on the Adoption of Children (revised) of 27 November 2008. Adoption procedure should be in the best interest of the child in relation to his fundamental rights. The tension in the sphere of adoption of children left without parental care by US citizens is given proper consideration. Compliance with international norms and rules is reflected in the "Dima Yakovlev Law" which is difficult to recognize as effective in its capacity to ensure the rights and interests of children. It was revealed that the implementation of the above-mentioned international acts in the Russian legal space will bring positive results due to a significant simplification of the procedure for reviewing and resolving cases on the adoption establishment

Интернационализация отечественного права в контексте правовых позиций Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации и Верховного Суда Российской Федерации

The article is aimed at identifying legal positions on the relationship between international and domestic Russian law in the decisions of Russian Constitutional Court and Russian Supreme Court.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the practice of Russian Constitutional Court and Russian Supreme Court significantly changed the content of norm of Russian Constitution that recognizes generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties as part of the Russian legal system.The methodological basis of the study was formed by both general scientific methods (dialectical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) and special methods (synergistic, systemic-structural and formal-legal).The main results, scope of application. The main body of the article covers three interrelated issues. Firstly, the problems of interpretation of Pt. 4 of Art. 15 of the Russian Constitution. These problems are summarized to the ratio of the categories “generally recognized principles of international law” and “generally recognized norms of international law”, to possible contradictions between the current international treaty with the participation of Russia and the provisions of the Russian Constitution as well as to exceptions from the priority of international treaties over the domestic law of Russia. Five such exceptions are highlighted: the unconditional primacy of the Russian Constitution; domination of an international treaty only in the event of a conflict of its norms with the internal law of Russia; the presence in an international treaty of dispositive norms that are inferior to domestic law; taking into account the level of legal force when determining the correlation of an international treaty with the sources of national Russian law; implementation of an international treaty as self-executing or non-self-executing, when the priority of the latter directly depends on the adoption of an appropriate normative act of domestic law. Secondly, the system of legal positions of the Russian Constitutional Court on the relationship between international and domestic law and their target mission is considered. The legal positions on the issue under study are divided into two groups - on the interaction of international treaties with the domestic law of Russia and on the assessment of the prospects for the incorporation of the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights into Russian legal system and the limits of its jurisdiction. The consolidating basis of all judicial legal positions is the unconditional priority of the Russian Constitution, the need to differentiate the normative content of an international treaty with the participation of the Russian Federation and acts of official interpretation by the authorized body of its norms, as well as the desire to preserve the constitutional identity of Russia. Thirdly, the subject of reflection was the limits of the internationalization of domestic law.Conclusions. There is an obstacle to the further internationalization of domestic law. It is the presence of spheres of public and state life that cannot and should not be included in the subject of international legal regulation and are subject exclusively to domestic legal impact. In addition, the framework of internationalization is due to the conflict with the state sovereignty of Russia and the desire to ensure the inviolability of the foundations of the constitutional order and national interests, and to ensure the country's constitutional identity.Посредством анализа законодательства, а также правовых позиций Конституционного Суда РФ и Верховного Суда РФ выявлены проблемы толкования ч. 4 ст. 15 Конституции РФ. Судебные правовые позиции по вопросам соотношения международного и отечественного права разделены на две группы: о взаимодействии международных договоров с внутренним правом России и об оценке инкорпорации правовых позиций Европейского Суда по правам человека в правовую систему России. Сделан вывод, что консолидирующими идеями всех судебных правовых позиций являются безусловный приоритет Конституции РФ, необходимость разграничения нормативного содержания международного договора с участием Российской Федерации и актов официального толкования уполномоченным органом его норм, а также стремление к сохранению конституционной самобытности России

THE ORIBATID MITE FAMILIES NANHERMANNIIDAE AND LOHMANNIIDAE OF CAT TIEN NATIONAL PARK (VIETNAM)

In the oribatid mite fauna of Cat Tien National Park (southern Vietnam), we discovered four species, each representating a different genus of the family Nanhermanniidae, and eight species representing four genera of Lohmanniidae. Our records of Cosmohermannia robusta and Masthermannia mammillaris (Nanhermanniidae) are the first for the respective genera from Vietnam; the lohmanniids Meristacarus sundensis, Mixacarus exilis, Papillacarus ramosus and P. cornutus are also newly reported from this country. The morphology of juvenile instars of Cosmohermannia robusta is described and illustrated. The juve- nile instars of Cosmohermannia differs from those of Nanhermannia by the morphology of prodorsal and gastronotic setae, the presence two large latero-posterior body apophyses, the epimeral formulae, and the length of some epimeral setae. Diagnoses of juvenile instars of the family Nanhermanniidae and the genus Cosmohermannia are proposed. Papillacarus polygonatus sp. n. is described from dark loamy soil of a lagerstroemia forest; it differs from all other species of the genus by its larger body and three different forms of neotrichous setae

Perxylobates Hammer 1972

Key to species of Perxylobates 1. Lamellar setae thickened.......................2 — Lamellar setae not thickened.................. 4 2. Rostral setae thickened..... P. crassisetosus n. sp. — Rostral setae not thickened.................... 3Published as part of Ermilov, S. G. & Anichkin, A. E., 2011, THREE NEW SPECIES OF HAPLOZETIDAE (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) FROM VIETNAM Sergey G. E and Alexander E. A, pp. 43-59 in Acarologia 51 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20111992, http://zenodo.org/record/539132

Pulchroppia roynortoni Ermilov & Anichkin 2011, n. sp.

Pulchroppia roynortoni n. sp. (Figures 1 – 3) Diagnosis The new species is characterized by size of body, 315 – 365 x 149 – 166; smooth body surface; rostrum with two deep incisions, central protruding and two small lateral tubercles; sensillus with fivesix branches, each branch divided into two long cilia distally; ten pairs of short and smooth notogastral setae; leg setae a” and pv” on tarsi IVmodified, with radiate cilia distally. Description Measurements — Body length 365 (holotype), 315 – 365 (mean 336, 12 paratypes); body width 166 (holotype), 149 – 166 (mean 159, 12 paratypes). Females slightly larger than males: body length of females (holotype and four paratypes) 348 – 365 (mean 355), body width of all females (holotype and four paratypes) 166; body length of males (eight paratypes) 315 – 348 (mean 328), body width of males (eight paratypes) 149 – 166 (mean 155). Integument — Body color light brown to brown. Surface of body smooth. Distinct polygonal sculpturing in anogenital region absent. Prodorsum — (Figure 1A, C; Figure 2A–D). Rostrum with two deep incisions, central protruding and two small lateral tubercles (Figure 2A). Costular lines slightly developed. Small median tubercles of interbothridial region and lateral tubercles of postbothridial region directed towards dorsosejugal scissure, rounded posteriorly. Rostral (ro, 24 – 28), lamellar (le, 12), interlamellar (in, 12 – 20) and exobothridial (ex, 8) setae setiform, thin, smooth. Sensilli (ss, 53 – 61) with five-six branches, each branch divided into two long cilia distally. Notogaster and lateral part of body — (Figure 1A, C). Ten pairs of notogastral setae. Setae c very short (2 – 4), others setae longer (12 – 16), straight, thin, smooth. Lyrifissures (ia, im, ip, ih, ips) welldeveloped, long. Opisthosomal gland opening indistinct. Discidia (di) strongly, triangular. Anogenital region — (Figure 1B; Figure 2E, F). Two pairs anal (an 1, an 2, 8 – 12), three pairs adanal (ad 1 - ad 3, 12), one pair aggenital (ag, 6 – 8) and five Acarologia 51(1): 31–42 (2011) pairs genital (g 1 - g 5 6 – 8) setae, thin, smooth. Lyrifissures iad well-developed, in typical position for genus. Anterior part of genital plates with short, triangular projections and with rectangular concavity between them. Ovipositor (Figure 2G) elongate, narrow (89 – 93 x 16); length of lobes 24 – 28, length of cylindrical distal part (bDp) 65. Lobes with 12 pairs thin, smooth setae; ψ 1 ≈ τ 1 (20 – 24) longer than ψ 2 ≈ τa ≈ τb ≈ τc (16). Setae k absent. Epimeral region — (Figure 1B). Setae 3c and 4c 24, setiform, curved, barbed. Others setae shorter (12 – 16), straight, smooth. Setae 3a set adjacent to small tubercles. Setae 3c set on small apophyses laterally. Gnathosoma — (Figure 2H–J). Subcapitulum longer than wide: 86 – 102 x 61 – 69. Hypostomal setae setiform, smooth; a and h (14 – 16) shorter than m (24). Lateral lips wide and rectangular distally, adoral setae absent. Palps (length 53 – 57) with setation 0-2-1-3-8(+1ω). All setae (except on tarsi) with long cilia (on femora and genua) or barbs (on tibiae). Palptarsal solenidion very long, thickened, lying adjacent to acm distally. Chelicerae (length 82 – 94) chelate-dentate, with small thorn on dorsal side. Cheliceral setae setiform, barbed, cha (20) slightly longer than chb (16). Legs — (Figure 3). All legs with one simple claw. Formulae of leg setation and solenidia: I (1-5-2-4- 20) [1-2-2], II (1-5-2-4-15) [1-1-2], III (2-3-1-3-13) [1- 1-0], IV (1-2-2-3-10) [0-1-0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Setae (except p and famulus) with cilia or barbs. Setae a” and pv” on tarsi IV modified in all specimens, with radiate cilia distally. Setae p on tarsi II – IV absent. Famulus short, dilated distally. Solenidia ω 1 and ω 2 on tarsi I, ω 1 and ω 2 on tarsi II, φ 1 on tibiae II, φ on tibiae IV, σ on genua III thickened, rod-like. Others solenidia setiform, straight, with thinner tips, blunt-ended. Material examined — Holotype (female) and 12 paratypes (eight males and four females) were obtained from southern Vietnam, 11°25’ N, 107°25’ E, 149 m a.s.l., in dark loamy soil of Lagerstroemia forest, February-March 2009, collected by A.E. Anichkin. Type deposition — The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; 11 paratypes are deposited in the collection of Siberian Zoological Museum, Novosibirsk, Russia; one paratype are in the personal collection of the first author. Etymology — The specific name is dedicated to our colleague, the acarologist Roy A. Norton, Syracuse N.Y., USA. Distribution — At present, this species is only known from Cat Tien National Park of southern Vietnam. Remarks — Pulchroppia roynortoni n. sp. clearly differs from all the species of Pulchroppia (P. burckhardti Mahunka, 1987 from Borneo, P. elegans Hammer, 1979 from Java, P. granulata Mahunka, 1988 from Oriental region, P. malapectinata (Corpuz- Raros, 1979) from Philippines, P. pendula (Balogh, 1970) from Sri Lanka, P. ramifera Wang and Li, 1997 from China — see Wang, Li and Zheng 1997 —, P. sculpturata Mahunka, 2008 from Thailand) by the specific structure of rostrum (with two deep incisions, central protruding and two small lateral tubercles in new species; rounded in the other species) and the morphology of sensillus (each branch divided into two long cilia distally in new species; not divided or only partially divided in the other species).Published as part of Ermilov, S. G. & Anichkin, A. E., 2011, New Oribatid Mites Of The Genera Pulchroppia And Lineoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Oppiidae) From Cat Tien National Park In Southern Vietnam, pp. 31-42 in Acarologia 51 (1) on pages 32-36, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20111991, http://zenodo.org/record/463987

Pulchroppia

Key to species of <i>Pulchroppia</i> from Vietnam <p> 1. Rostrum with two incisions... <i>P. roynortoni</i> <b>n. sp.</b></p> <p>— Rostrum rounded............................. 2</p>Published as part of <i>Ermilov, S. G. & Anichkin, A. E., 2011, New Oribatid Mites Of The Genera Pulchroppia And Lineoppia (Acari: Oribatida: Oppiidae) From Cat Tien National Park In Southern Vietnam, pp. 31-42 in Acarologia 51 (1)</i> on page 36, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20111991, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4639873">http://zenodo.org/record/4639873</a&gt

Peloribates Berlese 1908

Key to Vietnamese species of genus Peloribates An identification key to all known Vietnamese species of Peloribates is presented below. 1. Notogastral setae very short (not longer than diameter of bothridia)............................ 2 — Notogastral setae medium or long (considerably longer than diameter of bothridia)................3 2. Interlamellar setae setiform, head of sensilli with setiform tip.... pseudoporosus Balogh and Mahunka — Interlamellar setae medio-distally dilated, head of sensilli rounded distally........ spiniformis n. sp. 3. Interlamellar setae long, reaching rostrum..... 4 — Interlamellar setae not reaching rostrum....... 5 4. Notogastral setae medium in size, not longer than length of sensilli, da obviously not reaching insertion of la................ rangiroaensis Hammer — Notogastral setae long, obviously longer than length of sensilli, da reaching insertion of seta la........................................... kaszabi Mahunka 5. Notogaster with irregular foveolae, da reaching la................ gressitti Balogh and Mahunka — Notogaster with floriform foveolae, da not reachng insertion of la..................................................... stellatus Balogh and MahunkaPublished as part of Ermilov, S. G. & Anichkin, A. E., 2011, TWO NEW SPECIES OF ORIPODOIDEA (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) FROM VIETNAM Sergey G. E and Alexander E. A, pp. 143-154 in Acarologia 51 (2) on page 148, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20111998, http://zenodo.org/record/466704

Zygoribatula prima Ermilov & Anichkin 2011, n. sp.

Zygoribatula prima n. sp. (Figures 4 – 6) With characters of Zygoribatula as summarized by Balogh and Balogh (1984, 1992), Grobler (1993), Weigmann (2006). Diagnosis This species is characterized by the following combination of character states: body size 332 – 431 x 199 – 282; notogaster with pair of longitudinal striate bands (each more than half length of notogaster, running from humeral region almost to seta dp, lateral to setae da and dm); anogenital region foveolate; rostrum pointed in dorsoventral view; translamella straight or slightly convex in median part; rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae setiform, barbed; sensilli clavate, head barbed; 14 pairs of setiform, barbed notogastral setae (setae c 2, da and la longest); areae porosae Aa oblong, A1 oblong or rounded, A2 and A3 rounded. Description Measurements — Body length 415 (holotype), 332 – 431 (mean 381, four paratypes); body width 282 (holotype), 199 – 282 (mean 244, four paratypes). Integument — Body color brown. Notogaster with pair of longitudinal striate bands (each more than half length of notogaster, running from humeral region almost to seta dp, lateral to setae da and dm). Anogenital region foveolate (well visible under high magnification); foveolae rounded (up to 4 in diameter). Prodorsum — (Figure 4A; Figure 5A–E). Rostrum pointed in dorsoventral view. Lamellae slightly longer than half of prodorsum. Translamella straight or slightly convex in median part. Rostral (45 – 53), lamellar (65 – 82) and interlamellar (65 – 82) setae setiform, barbed. Exobothridial setae (24) setiform, thin, barbed. Sensilli (40 – 50) with shorter stalk (16 – 20) and longer head (24 – 30), rounded distally, barbed. Notogaster — (Figure 4A; Figure 5F–M). Dorsosejugal suture complete, convex. Humeral projections slightly developed. Fourteen pairs of setiform, barbed notogastral setae. Setae c 2, da and la longest (36 – 41), setae dm and lm little shorter (28 – 36), setae dp, lp, h 1, h 2 and h 3 short (16 – 20), setae p 1, p 2 and p 3 shortest (12 – 16). Four pairs of areae porosae developed dorsally: Aa oblong (14 – 20 x 6 – 8); A1 oblong (12 – 14 x 6 – 8) or round (diameter 8 – 10); A2 and A3 rounded (diameter 6 – 10).Opisthonotal gland opening and lyrifissures developed in typical arrangement for genus. Lateral part of body — (Figure 5A). Tutorium long. Sublamellar line well-developed. Sublamellar areae porosae rounded (4 – 6), areae porosae Ah oblong (12 – 20 x 4 – 6). Pedotecta I and II small. Discidia triangular. Anogenital region — (Figure 4B; Figure 5N, O). Two pairs anal (4 – 8), three pairs adanal (8 – 12), one pair aggenital (ag, 4 – 6) and four pairs of genital setae (4 – 8) setiform, slightly barbed. Lyrifissures iad in preanal position. Acarologia 51(2): 143–154 (2011) Epimeral region (Figure 4B). Apodemes 2, sejugal, 3 and circumpedal carina well-developed. All epimeral setae setiform, slightly barbed. Setae 1c longest (20 – 24), other setae shorter (8 – 16). Gnathosoma — (Figure 6A–C). Subcapitulum longer than wide: 86 x 71. Hypostomal setae setiform, barbed, h (24 – 32) slightly longer than a and m (20 – 28). Lateral lips with two pairs of adoral setae (8 – 12), setiform, barbed. Palps (length 53) with setation 0-2-1-3-9(+1 ω). All setae (except some on tarsi) barbed. Chelicerae (length 94) chelatedentate; cheliceral setae setiform, barbed, cha (32) longer than chb (20). Legs — (Figure 6D, E). Morphology similar to that in other species of Zygoribatula (Grobler 1993; Bayartogtokh and Smelyansky 2008). Tarsi with three simple claws, median claw obviously thicker than lateral claws. Formulae of leg setation and solenidia: I (1-5(4)-3-4-19) [1-2-2], II (1-5-2-4-15) [1- 1-2], III (2-3-1-3-15) [1-1-0], IV (1-2-2-3-12) [0-1-0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 2. Setae l” on femora I absent from some specimens. All setae barbed or with short cilia. Famulus short, straight, blunt-ended. Solenidia ω 1 on tarsi I, ω 1 and ω 2 on tarsi II, σ on genua III rod-shaped; other solenidia setiform. Material examined — Holotype (female), paratypes (four specimens: two females and two males) were obtained from southern Vietnam, 11°25’ N, 107°25’ E, Cat Tien National Park, 149 m above sea level, in dark loamy soil of Lagerstroemia forest, February-March 2009, collected by A.E. Anichkin. Type deposition — The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; two paratypes are in the collection of the Center for Biodiversity Resources Education and Development (CEBRED), Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam; two paratypes are in the personal collection of the first author (Center of Independent Examinations –NN, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia). Etymology — The specific name " prima " refers to the first identified species of Zygoribatula recorded for Vietnam. Distribution — At present, this species is known only from Cat Tien National Park of southern Vietnam. Comparison — Zygoribatula prima n. sp. can be included in the Zygoribatula species group having a striate notogaster (Z. arcuatissima Berlese, 1916 from Holarctic region, Z. connexa Berlese, 1904 from subtropical region, Z. dactylaris Subías, Ruiz and Kahwash, 1990 from western Mediterranean region, Z. exarata Berlese, 1916 from southern Palearctic region, Z. galula Mahunka, 2001 from Kenya, Z. guadarramica PØrez-˝aeigo, 1978 from Spain, Z. hailongensis Wen and Zhang, 1988 from China, Z. longilinea Wang and Li, 1997 from China, Z. sabulosa Balogh, 1966 from Chad, Z. salina Balogh, 1966 from Ethiopian region, Z. sayedi Elbadry and Nasr, 1974 from Egypt, Z. sculpturata (Mahunka, 1989) from Kenya, Z. smirnovi Bulanova-Zakhvatkina, 1978 from eastern Mediterranean region, Z. socotrensis Mahunka, 2000 from Yemen, Z. tritici Elbadry and Nasr, 1974 from Egypt, Z. vanharteni Mahunka, 2000 from Yemen). However, it clearly differs from others in this group by the distribution of striae; the cuticle is smooth except for a pair of long, narrow bands of striation. In other species, the notogaster is covered completely by striae or they exist only in the humeral regions.Published as part of Ermilov, S. G. & Anichkin, A. E., 2011, TWO NEW SPECIES OF ORIPODOIDEA (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) FROM VIETNAM Sergey G. E and Alexander E. A, pp. 143-154 in Acarologia 51 (2) on pages 148-152, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20111998, http://zenodo.org/record/466704

ORIBATID MITES OF DONG NAI BIOSPHERE RESERVE (= CAT TIEN NATIONAL PARK) OF SOUTHERN VIETNAM, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF PERGALUMNA (ACARI, ORIBATIDA, GALUMNIDAE)

An annotated checklist of oribatid mite taxa in Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve (= Cat Tien National Park) with distributions is provided. We have registered 121 species, 84 genera and 45 families, of which 40 species, 27 genera, 12 families were found for the first time in Vietnam, and of which 30 species and one genus were described as are new. A new species of the genus Pergalumna, Pergalumna paraelongata sp. n., is described