Pengaturan Motor Induksi Menggunakan Observer Self Constructing Fuzzy Neural Network Dengan Metode Algoritma Pelatihan Levenberg Marquardt

This paper describes about development of 3 phase speed sensorless induction motor speed controller using Field Oriented Vector(FOC) method. Motor speed is estimated by an observer using Self Constructing fuzzy Neural Network (SCFNN) with Levenberg Marquardt(LM) learning algorithm method, that replaces backpropagation method because this method is slow to reach convergent. SCFNN method combines the fuzzy and neural network. The simulation results show that the system can estimate flux and speed of induction motor and it converges faster than backpropagation method. .The estimation result can be used to identify rotor speed of induction motor with good performanc

Juridical Implications of the Legal Norm Void of Interfaith Marriages in Indonesia

Legal void of interfaith marriages in Indonesia to date has not offered legal certainty and sense of fairness to couples of differing religions. Particularly, their rights to form a family and to freedom of religion are unprotected; whereas those rights are guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court\u27s ruling had rejected Judicial Review on Article 2 section 1 of Law No. 1 of 1974 against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The consideration provided by the Bogor District Court regarding the rejection was that the judge\u27s interpretation of article 2 section 1, yielded the assertion that marrying couples should have been of the same faith. The judge also took into consideration the religious values embraced by the prospective applicant who happened to be a Catholic widow while the prospective groom was a Muslim. A similar consideration was made by the Constitutional Court where in, among others, it was stated that the constitutional rights of marriage entailed the obligation to respect the constitutional rights of other people. Therefore, to avoid any conflicts in the implementation of those constitutional rights, it is necessary to have a regulation on the implementation of constitutional rights conducted by the state.Consequently, the juridical implications of interfaith marriage legal norm void give rise to the judges\u27 differing interpretations which are unfavorable to interfaith couples. The validity of these marriages cannot be accomplished, resulting in the marriages to be deemed invalid, implicating the status and position of women and children as well as heritance issues

Finding the Optimized Frequency of Electric Field on the Attempt of Reducing Blood Sugar Level in Type II Diabetes Patients

A study has been conducted to test the use of electric fields to lower blood sugar levels on rats with type II Diabetes Mellitus. This study uses male rats (Rattus novergicus), aged 8–12 weeks weighing 150–200 grams, with a total of 31 rats. Therapy was conducted by putting rats in a chamber that emits an electric field every day for 1 hour for 28 days. To search for the optimum frequency of the treatment, frequency variations of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz were given. The electrical charge distribution of the air in the room was then measured, whereas mice blood sugar levels were also measured to reveal the effect of the treatment on cell tolerance to sugar, and to come up with the measurement of insulin levels at the end of the treatment. The results of measurements of the electrical charges in the air were very significant generally showing that the treatment with a frequency of 15 to 120 KHz for four weeks in the experimental animals could lower their blood sugar (fasting period), but the success rate significantly occurred at a frequency of 15 kHz. The decrease in fasting blood sugar levels after the treatment was probably due to the influence of the treatment (the influence of an electric field) that improved the regulation of insulin receptors. Improvements in the regulation of insulin receptor activities with high gluconeogenesis may be the cause of a decrease in fasting blood sugar levels that is not accompanied by improved cell tolerance to sugar.     Keywords: electric field, blood sugar levels, insulin level

Эффективность фотодинамического воздействия в сочетании с озоном и хлорофиллом из листьев Dracaena angustifolia на биопленки Staphylicoccus aureus

Photodynamic inactivation is an effective treatment that uses light irradiation, photosensitizer and oxygen. The aim of this study was to determine photodynamic effectiveness of laser diode combined with ozone to reduce Staphylococcus aureus biofilm using exogenous chlorophyll (Chlo). The chlorophyll was extracted from leave of Dracaena angustifolia. To determine the antibacterial effect of S. aureus biofilm treatments, samples were separated into Chlo, Laser, Chlo+Laser, Ozone, Ozone+Laser, Chlo+Ozone+Laser categories. The data were analyzed using ANOVA test. The result of this study showed that Chlo+Ozone+Laser combine treatment at 20 s exposure of ozone with 4 min of irradiation time lead to 80.26 % reduction of biofilm activity, which was the highest efficacy of all the treatment groups. The combination of laser, chlorophyll and lower ozone concentration increases the effectiveness of photodynamic inactivation.Фотодинамическая терапия – эффективный метод инактивации бактериальных биопленок, основанный на сочетании воздействий светового излучения, фотосенсибилизатора и кислорода. Цель данного исследования – определение эффективности лазерного облу- чения в сочетании с озоном при добавлении экзогенного хлорофилла для инактивации биопленки Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Хлорофилл был извлечен из листьев растения Dracaena angustifolia. В ходе исследования на образцах биопленки S. aureus оценива- лась антибактериальная активность каждого фактора в отдельности (лазерное излучение, озон, хлорофилл) и нескольких их сочета- ний (хлорофилл + лазерное облучение; озон + лазерное облучение; хлорофилл + озон + лазерное облучение). Полученные данные были проанализированы с использованием теста ANOVA. Анализ результатов исследования показал, что комбинированная обра- ботка озоном в течение 20 с в присутствии хлорофилла с последующим облучением в течение 4 мин снизила активность биопленок на 80,26%, показав самую высокую эффективность среди всех тестируемых групп. Для повышения эффективности фотодинамической терапии бактериальных биопленок рекомендуется использовать комбинацию лазерного излучения с хлорофиллом и озоном

Scientific Based of Acupuncture as Alternative Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Acupuncture its traditional form is based upon the stimulation of well defined points on the body by insertion of metal needles, such needling is considered necessary influenced biological mechanism by intrinsic and extrinsic activation after acupuncture points stimulation. Many clinical report therapeutic effect acupuncture treatment of Diabetes Mellitus especially Non Insulin dependent, the effectiveness of mild or middle type of disease is better that severe one and accompanying With controlling diet and doing more exercise will contribute recovery. Methods: Modem research indicates that acupuncture treatment can control blood sugar level, mainly by adjusting insulin molecular level, enhance insulin secretion and recontrol insulin by regulating central nervous system. Of the all, the improved function of the receptor of insulin target cells is probably the most important one. Results: The basic research approach to animal laboratory (rabbit,rat and mice) by electro stimulation, streptozotocin and alloxan monohydrate injection visualizing correlation 13 cell pancreas inorphofunction, insulin receptor and electrical profile of specific pancreas point in body surface. Conclusion: Relationship between biophysical, morphology and physiological study of acupuncture points in diabetic animal and diabetic patient tobase acupuncture model as alternative treatment to diabetes mellitus

Implikasi Yuridis Perjanjian Alih Debitor Yang Dibuat Dibawah Tangan Terhadap Perjanjian Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (Kpr) Oleh Lembaga Perbankan Ditinjau Dari Ketentuan Pasal 37 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah

Perjanjian alih debitor antara debitor lama dengan debitor baru bertujuan untuk mengatasi ketidakmampuan debitor lama untuk melunasi kredit pemilikan rumah (KPR) dengan pihak kreditor (bank). Dalam praktiknya perjanjian alih debitor dibuat dibawah tangan, tanpa sepengetahuan pihak bank dan disertai perjanjian kuasa menjual. Pada perjanjian alih debitor yang dialihkan tidak hanya kreditnya saja melainkan beserta jaminan KPR yaitu berupa rumah beserta hak atas tanah. Menurut ketentuan pasal 37 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah segala peralihan hak atas tanah harus dibuktikan dengan akta yang dibuat oleh PPAT, namun pada perjanjian alih debitor terdapat kuasa menjual yang penggunaannya bertentangan dengan ketentuan pasal 37 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah, hal ini akan merugikan pihak debitor baru. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut penulis mengangkat implikasi yuridis perjanjian alih debitor dan perlindungan hukum bagi debitor baru ditinjau dari ketentuan pasal 37 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian tesis ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus. Kemudian bahan-bahan hukum yang diperoleh akan dianalisis dan dikaji keterkaitannya satu sama lain, selain itu dalam pengolahan data digunakan menggunakan penalaran deduktif uraian deskriptif yang bersifat analitis Perjanjian alih Debitor yang dibuat dibawah tangan terhadap perjanjian kredit pemilikan rumah (KPR) oleh lembaga perbankan yang dibuat dibawah tangan tanpa sepengetahuan pihak bank berdasarkan prinsip novasi subyektif pasif adalah dapat dibatalkan, karena tidak memenuhi unsur kesepakatan yang terdapat ketentuan pasal 1320 KUHPerdata

PERANCANGAN SISTEM HOLOGRAFI DIGITAL BERBASIS LASER SEBAGAI ALAT ALTERNATIF UNTUK DOKUMENTASI DAN DIAGNOSIS KERUSAKAN GIGI

Radiografi gigi baik radiografi digital maupun konvensional, merupakan alat bantu yang rngat penting bagi dokter gigi untuk kepentingan diagnosis, terapi dan forensik gigi. Hampir ~Iuruh struktur yang berkaitan dengan perawatan gigi tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang, oleh karena itu radiografi merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang tak terhindarkan lagi. ikantetapi radiografi masih diragukan keandalannya dari sudut pandallg keamanan pemakaian adiasi sinar-X, dosis kumulatif bagi dokter gigi dan pasien, lamanya waktu yang diperlukan mtuk membuat dan memproses radiografi individual (Walton dan Torabinejad, 1997), dan juga Idanya efek samping yang ditimbulkan seperti dilaporkan dapat memberikan resiko stroke IWysong, 1997). Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan terobosan baru dalam mencari alat alternatif untuk diagnosis dan dokumentasi gigi yang relatif murah, akurat, memiliki ketelitian tinggi, minim efek samping (bersifat non invasive, non ionisasi, serta non destructive), dan mampu mencitra tiga dimensi gigi secara digital dan otomatis. Sistem holografi digital merupakan salah satu metode optis yang mampu melakukan terobosan tersebut. Langka

Evaluation of Energy Dose and Output Power Optimum of Diode’s Laser of 450 nm and 650 nm in Photoantimicrobial Mechanisms Against Inhibition of C. Albicans Biofilm Cells

Abstract. Photoantimicrobial as a pathogenic microbial inhibitory therapy system such as C. albicans in biofilms forms has been studied in vitro. Mechanisms of inhibiting called inactivating used the absorb principles of a dye agents such as chlorophyll against the photon energy of diode laser which any number of ROS product depend on energy doses of a laser, time of irradiation, concentration and time of incubation the dyes agent. The inactivation profile of C. albicans biofilm cells was observed based on cell viability reduction after photoantimicrobial treatment with or without oxygenation by XTT assay test. Results show that the inhibiting significantly with the time incubation of the dye agents and the oxygen degree inside the sample. The inhibition for oxygenation biofilm’s group 10% lower than without oxygenation biofilm’s group at the maximum of reduction of cell viability occurred in the 3hour incubation group. Optimum of inactivation are 89.6% (without oxygenation) and 94.8% (with oxygenation) after irradiation with 450 nm laser (power output 128.73 at energy dose 86.09 J/cm2), While, by 650 nm laser (power output 164.53 mW at energy dose 92.52 J/cm2) irradiation treatment obtained optimum of inactivation are 89.5% (without oxygenation) and 92.3% (with oxygenation)

The antifungal agent of silver nanoparticles activated by diode laser as light source to reduce C. albicans biofilms: an in vitro study

Candida albicans is a normal flora caused fungal infections and has the ability to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to improve the antifungal effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the light source for reducing the biofilmsurvival of C. albicans. AgNPs were prepared by silver nitrate (AgNO3) and trisodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7). To determine the antifungal effect of treatments on C. albicans biofilm, samples were distributed into four groups; L + P+ was treatment with laser irradiation and AgNPs; L + P− was treatment with laser irradiation only; L − P+ was treatment with AgNPs only (control positive); L − P− was no treatment with laser irradiation or AgNPs (control negative). The growth of fungi had been monitored by measuring the optical density at 405 nm with ELISA reader. The particle size of AgNPs was measured by using (particle size analyzer) and the zeta potential of AgNPs was measured by using Malvern zetasizer. The PSA test showed that the particle size of AgNPs was distributed between 7.531–5559.644 nm. The zeta potentials were found lower than − 30 mVwith pH of 7, 9 or 11. The reduction percentage was analyzed by ANOVA test. The highest reduction difference was given at a lower level irradiation because irradiation with a density energy of 6.13 ± 0.002 J/cm2 resulted in the biofilm reduction of 7.07 ± 0.23% for the sample without AgNPs compared to the sample with AgNPs that increased the biofilm reduction of 64.48 ± 0.07%. The irradiation with a 450nm light source had a significant fungicidal effect on C. albicans biofilm. The combination of light source and AgNPs provides an increase of biofilm reduction compared to the light source itself