3,874 research outputs found
Similarity laws of lunar and terrestrial volcanic flows
A mathematical model of a one dimensional, steady duct flow of a mixture of a gas and small solid particles (rock) was analyzed and applied to the lunar and the terrestrial volcanic flows under geometrically and dynamically similar conditions. Numerical results for the equilibrium two phase flows of lunar and terrestrial volcanoes under similar conditions are presented. The study indicates that: (1) the lunar crater is much larger than the corresponding terrestrial crater; (2) the exit velocity from the lunar volcanic flow may be higher than the lunar escape velocity but the exit velocity of terrestrial volcanic flow is much less than that of the lunar case; and (3) the thermal effects on the lunar volcanic flow are much larger than those of the terrestrial case
Radiation Pressure Induced Instabilities in Laser Interferometric Detectors of Gravitational Waves
The large scale interferometric gravitational wave detectors consist of
Fabry-Perot cavities operating at very high powers ranging from tens of kW to
MW for next generations. The high powers may result in several nonlinear
effects which would affect the performance of the detector. In this paper, we
investigate the effects of radiation pressure, which tend to displace the
mirrors from their resonant position resulting in the detuning of the cavity.
We observe a remarkable effect, namely, that the freely hanging mirrors gain
energy continuously and swing with increasing amplitude. It is found that the
`time delay', that is, the time taken for the field to adjust to its
instantaneous equilibrium value, when the mirrors are in motion, is responsible
for this effect. This effect is likely to be important in the optimal operation
of the full-scale interferometers such as VIRGO and LIGO.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures, RevTex styl
Optimising the directional sensitivity of LISA
It was shown in a previous work that the data combinations canceling laser
frequency noise constitute a module - the module of syzygies. The cancellation
of laser frequency noise is crucial for obtaining the requisite sensitivity for
LISA. In this work we show how the sensitivity of LISA can be optimised for a
monochromatic source - a compact binary - whose direction is known, by using
appropriate data combinations in the module. A stationary source in the
barycentric frame appears to move in the LISA frame and our strategy consists
of "coherently tracking" the source by appropriately "switching" the data
combinations so that they remain optimal at all times. Assuming that the
polarisation of the source is not known, we average the signal over the
polarisations. We find that the best statistic is the `network' statistic, in
which case LISA can be construed of as two independent detectors. We compare
our results with the Michelson combination, which has been used for obtaining
the standard sensitivity curve for LISA, and with the observable obtained by
optimally switching the three Michelson combinations. We find that for sources
lying in the ecliptic plane the improvement in SNR increases from 34% at low
frequencies to nearly 90% at around 20 mHz. Finally we present the
signal-to-noise ratios for some known binaries in our galaxy. We also show
that, if at low frequencies SNRs of both polarisations can be measured, the
inclination angle of the plane of the orbit of the binary can be estimated.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys Rev
Gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency: historical outcomes and current status
Zero Temperature Insulator-Metal Transition in Doped Manganites
We study the transition at T=0 from a ferromagnetic insulating to a
ferromagnetic metallic phase in manganites as a function of hole doping using
an effective low-energy model Hamiltonian proposed by us recently. The model
incorporates the quantum nature of the dynamic Jahn-Teller(JT) phonons strongly
coupled to orbitally degenerate electrons as well as strong Coulomb correlation
effects and leads naturally to the coexistence of localized (JT polaronic) and
band-like electronic states. We study the insulator-metal transition as a
function of doping as well as of the correlation strength U and JT gain in
energy E_{JT}, and find, for realistic values of parameters, a ground state
phase diagram in agreement with experiments. We also discuss how several other
features of manganites as well as differences in behaviour among manganites can
be understood in terms of our model.Comment: To be published in Europhysics Letter
Unique gap structure and symmetry of the charge density wave in single-layer VSe
Single layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are excellent
candidates for electronic applications beyond the graphene platform; many of
them exhibit novel properties including charge density waves (CDWs) and
magnetic ordering. CDWs in these single layers are generally a planar
projection of the corresponding bulk CDWs because of the quasi-two-dimensional
nature of TMDCs; a different CDW symmetry is unexpected. We report herein the
successful creation of pristine single-layer VSe, which shows a () CDW in contrast to the (4 4) CDW for the layers in
bulk VSe. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) from the single
layer shows a sizable () CDW gap of 100 meV at the
zone boundary, a 220 K CDW transition temperature twice the bulk value, and no
ferromagnetic exchange splitting as predicted by theory. This robust CDW with
an exotic broken symmetry as the ground state is explained via a
first-principles analysis. The results illustrate a unique CDW phenomenon in
the two-dimensional limit
The Casimir force on a surface with shallow nanoscale corrugations: Geometry and finite conductivity effects
We measure the Casimir force between a gold sphere and a silicon plate with
nanoscale, rectangular corrugations with depth comparable to the separation
between the surfaces. In the proximity force approximation (PFA), both the top
and bottom surfaces of the corrugations contribute to the force, leading to a
distance dependence that is distinct from a flat surface. The measured Casimir
force is found to deviate from the PFA by up to 15%, in good agreement with
calculations based on scattering theory that includes both geometry effects and
the optical properties of the material
- …