Modelling and risk analysis of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) fishery of Western Australia

The predictive power for short-term forecasting of selected biomass dynamic models was examined using the standardised catch and effort data from the 1944/45 to 1990/91 season of the western rock lobster. Risk analysis of the fishery based on the predicted fishing efforts with the Deriso-Schnute delay-difference model indicates a high probability of recruitment failure. Some hypothetical management strategies of reducing fishing effort were evaluated by taking into consideration the total catch and biological risk to the fishery

Recent progress in exact geometric computation

AbstractComputational geometry has produced an impressive wealth of efficient algorithms. The robust implementation of these algorithms remains a major issue. Among the many proposed approaches for solving numerical non-robustness, Exact Geometric Computation (EGC) has emerged as one of the most successful. This survey describes recent progress in EGC research in three key areas: constructive zero bounds, approximate expression evaluation and numerical filters

Examining the sources of occupational stress in an emergency department

Background Previous work has established that health care staff, in particular emergency department (ED) personnel, experience significant occupational stress but the underlying stressors have not been well quantified. Such data inform interventions that can reduce cases of occupational mental illness, burnout, staff turnover and early retirement associated with cumulative stress. Aims To develop, implement and evaluate a questionnaire examining the origins of occupational stress in the ED. Methods A questionnaire co-designed by an occupational health practitioner and ED management administered to nursing, medical and support staff in the ED of a large English teaching hospital in 2015. The questionnaire assessed participants’ demographic characteristics and perceptions of stress across three dimensions (demand–control–support, effort–reward and organizational justice). Work-related stressors in ED staff were compared with those of an unmatched control group from the acute ear, nose and throat (ENT) and neurology directorate. Results A total of 104 (59%) ED staff returned questionnaires compared to 72 staff (67%) from the acute ENT/neurology directorate. The ED respondents indicated lower levels of job autonomy, management support and involvement in organizational change, but not work demand. High levels of effort–reward imbalance and organizational injustice were reported by both groups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that internal ED interventions to improve workers’ job control, increase support from management and involvement in organizational change may reduce work stress. The high levels of effort–reward imbalance and organizational injustice reported by both groups may indicate that wider interventions beyond the ED are also needed to address these issues

Mapping of serotype-specific, immunodominant epitopes in the NS-4 region of hepatitis C virus (HCV):use of type-specific peptides to serologically differentiate infections with HCV types 1, 2, and 3

The effect of sequence variability between different types of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the antigenicity of the NS-4 protein was investigated by epitope mapping and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with branched oligopeptides. Epitope mapping of the region between amino acid residues 1679 and 1768 in the HCV polyprotein revealed two major antigenic regions (1961 to 1708 and 1710 to 1728) that were recognized by antibody elicited upon natural infection of HCV. The antigenic regions were highly variable between variants of HCV, with only 50 to 60% amino acid sequence similarity between types 1, 2, and 3. Although limited serological cross-reactivity between HCV types was detected between peptides, particularly in the first antigenic region of NS-4, type-specific reactivity formed the principal component of the natural humoral immune response to NS-4. Type-specific antibody to particular HCV types was detected in 89% of the samples from anti-HCV-positive blood donors and correlated almost exactly with genotypic analysis of HCV sequences amplified from the samples by polymerase chain reaction. Whereas almost all blood donors appeared to be infected with a single virus type (97%), a higher proportion of samples (40%) from hemophiliacs infected from transfusion of non-heat-inactivated clotting factor contained antibody to two or even all three HCV types, providing evidence that long-term exposure may lead to multiple infection with different variants of HCV

Localising the Sustainable Development Goals: An urban equality perspective

This brief outlines the case for the adoption of an urban equality lens to orient decision-making through localisation processes. The authors ground their understanding in a multi-dimensional and relational concept of ‘urban equality’, reflecting interrelated dimensions of: distribution, recognition, parity of participation, and solidarity and mutual care. ​Drawing on grounded examples of research and practice across a range of cities in KNOW, this brief outlines three opportunities in the adoption of an urban equality lens: as a way to maximise positive synergies across the goals and targets; to deepen engagement with local specificity and aspirations; and to re-orient local and global processes towards truly inclusive outcomes. This brief concludes by setting out four principles to support the operationalisation of an urban equality lens through the SDGs. This work has been collaboratively produced between Work Package 2 and Work Package 4 of the KNOW programme, focused on understanding how key global aspirations of resilience, poverty, and prosperity can be pursued through an urban equality lens, and localised through the SDGs. Through the generation of actionable knowledge, the KNOW programme seeks to contribute to a number of SDG goals

Effect of Inflow and Infiltration in Sewerage System of Residential Area, Kuantan, Pahang

Inflow and infiltration is a phenomenon in sewerage systems that can have negative effects on the environment and human health if not treated properly. Collaboration has been made between Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) and Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd. (IWK) where the purpose is to evaluate the amount of inflow and infiltration happening in sewerage systems of residential areas in Kuantan. For this part of the study, one sewer pipeline (MH92a–MH92b) was selected at the residential area of Bandar Putra, having a population equivalent of 1694. The method used in this research was the Flowrate method to tabulate data. ISCO 2150 and 4250 Area Velocity Flowmeters were used to measure flow rate data in the sewer pipeline, whereas ISCO 674 Rain Gauge was used to collect rainfall intensity data. Calibration of all the equipment was done at the Hydrology and Hydraulic Laboratory in UMP. The data was collected for 41 days with each measurement separated by an interval of five minutes. The result shows that the average percentage Infiltration Rate of Qpeak and Qave in this residential catchment were 10.3% and 26.5% which is higher than the value mentioned in Hammer and Hammer (2012). Inflow and infiltration is a real concern, so more study is required to determine whether revision of the infiltration rate recommended in the Malaysian Standard is needed