Design of a data-driven communication framework as personalized support for users of ADAS

Recently the automotive industry has made a huge leap forward in Automated Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) development, increasing the level of driving processes automation. However, ADAS design does not imply any individual support to the driver; this results in a poor understanding of how the ADAS works and its limitations. This type of driver uncertainty regarding ADAS performance can erode the user\u27s trust in the system and result in decreasing situations when the system is in use. This paper presents the design of a data-driven communication framework that can utilize historical and real-time vehicle data to support ADAS users. The data-driven communication framework aims to illustrate the ADAS capabilities and limitations and suggests effective use of the system in real-time driving situations. This type of assistance can improve a driver\u27s understanding of ADAS functionality and encourage its usage

THE USE of VEHICLE DATA in ADAS DEVELOPMENT, VERIFICATION and FOLLOW-UP on the SYSTEM

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) require a high level of interaction between the driver and the system, depending on driving context at a particular moment. Context-aware ADAS evaluation based on vehicle data is the most prominent way to assess the complexity of ADAS interactions. In this study, we conducted interviews with the ADAS development team at Volvo Cars to understand the role of vehicle data in the ADAS development and evaluation. The interviews\u27 analysis reveals strategies for improvement of current practices for vehicle data-driven ADAS evaluation

Naturalistic driving study for automated driver assistance systems (ADAS) evaluation in the Chinese, Swedish and American markets

In recent years, Automated Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have received great promotion and acceptance in the European market. However, transferring ADAS to other markets may affect driver behavior due to the cultural and contextual differences in various markets. Methods used for capturing these differences are based on subjective data collection. This study shows how vehicle data collected in the ND study helps to identify and investigate further the differences in driver behavior and the driving context in the Chinese, Swedish and US markets. This paper discusses a better way to consider the infrastructural and cultural differences in ADAS design

Perceived quality of products: a framework and attributes ranking method

Perceived quality is one of the most critical aspects of product development that defines the successful design. This paper presents a new approach to perceived quality assessment by examining its elements, decomposed into a structure with the bottom-up sensory approach from the level of basic (‘ground’) attributes, covering almost every aspect of quality perception from the engineering viewpoint. The paper proposes a novel method for perceived quality attributes relative importance ranking, resulting in the balanced perceived quality of the final product within the given conditions. The proposed method helps to reach the equilibrium of the product’s quality equation from the perspective of design effort, time, and costs estimations. The authors introduce the Perceived Quality Framework (PQF), which is the taxonomy system for perceived quality attributes and the core of the attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method. The research outcomes are based on findings of the qualitative exploratory study, including European and North American premium and luxury automotive manufacturers. An empirical structural validity test was performed to assess the usability and rigour of the proposed method. The results indicate that perceived quality evaluation can be significantly improved during all stages of product development

Real-time Personalized Driver Support System for Pilot Assist Promotion in Different Traffic Conditions

The complexity of advanced in-vehicle systems and level of automation provided is currently increasing, making the understanding of smart systems design and limitations challenging to a driver. As a result, misinterpretation of the system\u27s capabilities can be detrimental to perceived usefulness and the system\u27s usage. The personalized real-time driver support concept presented in this paper is designed to improve the driver\u27s understanding of Pilot Assist (PA) and increase PA usage effectiveness in various traffic contexts. The designed communication informs drivers about PA capabilities in various traffic conditions, helping drivers recognize the appropriate context for PA activation and reflect on their own PA use strategy

Lymph Flow in Newborn Lambs : Effects of Change in Osmolality

Recent investigations have shown that volume loading and alterations in body fluid osmolality cause rapid shifts throughout the body\u27s fluid compartments in the adult dog. The lymph system has been found to be a vital link in the body\u27s ability to compensate for excess fluid, and thus provides a strong defense against edema formation (Brace and Power, 1981; 1983). There have been no previous studies dealing with the investigation of whole-body lymph flow responses in the newborn. The purpose of this experimental research was to perform a systematic study into the whole-body lymph responses of newborn lambs to the particular variables of volume loading and variation in the osmolality of infused fluids. Ten lambs, ranging in age from 1 to 12 days, were randomly divided into two groups, with five lambs in each group. Lymph flow from the thoracic duct was measured continuously while intravenous infusions of isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic saline were introduced in amounts equal to 2 percent of the total body weight. The infusion sequence was reversed in Group 2, i.e., isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic, respectively. Additional experimental variables such as hematocrit, lymph and plasma protein concentrations, and arterial and venous pressures were recorded at the same time. This study showed that lymph flow doubled above the preinfusion control baseline following the initial volume loading with isotonic saline. Following the hypertonic infusion, lymph flow increased further by approximately 1.5 times above the isotonic level. Conversely, lymph flow responded to hypotonic saline infusions by increasing approximately 1.3-fold above the previous level. Further findings indicated that the infused volume caused a rapid dilution of the red blood cells and plasma proteins, especially after the hypertonic solution. It was concluded that the hypertonic solution was the most effective stimulant for shifts in body fluid volumes, particularly regarding the interstitial fluid and lymph volumes. This study also compared the excess lymph flow related to the change in interstitial fluid volume between newborn lambs and the adult dogs in a previous study by Brace and Power (1983). The findings suggest that newborns have an inherently higher baseline lymph flow than adults, and they exhibit a higher lymph flow response to fluid overload. This relatively high lymph flow in the newborn may be an important factor in the body\u27s defense against edema

Determining selection across heterogeneous landscapes: a perturbation-based method and its application to modeling evolution in space

Spatial structure can decisively influence the way evolutionary processes unfold. Several methods have thus far been used to study evolution in spatial systems, including population genetics, quantitative genetics, momentclosure approximations, and individual-based models. Here we extend the study of spatial evolutionary dynamics to eco-evolutionary models based on reaction-diffusion equations and adaptive dynamics. Specifically, we derive expressions for the strength of directional and stabilizing/disruptive selection that apply in both continuous space and to metacommunities with symmetrical dispersal between patches. For directional selection on a quantitative trait, this yields a way to integrate local directional selection across space and determine whether the trait value will increase or decrease. The robustness of this prediction is validated against quantitative genetics. For stabilizing/disruptive selection, we show that spatial heterogeneity always contributes to disruptive selection and hence always promotes evolutionary branching. The expression for directional selection is numerically very effi- cient, and hence lends itself to simulation studies of evolutionary community assembly. We illustrate the application and utility of the expressions for this purpose with two examples of the evolution of resource utilization. Finally, we outline the domain of applicability of reaction-diffusion equations as a modeling framework and discuss their limitations

Geometric robustness and dynamic response management by structural topometry optimisation to reduce the risk for squeak and rattle

Historically, squeak and rattle (S&R) sounds have been among the top quality problems and a major contributor to the warranty costs in passenger cars. Geometric variation is among the main causes of S&R. Though, geometric variation analysis and robust design techniques have been passively involved in the open-loop design activities in the predesign-freeze phases of car development. Despite the successful application of topometry optimisation to enhance attributes such as weight, durability, noise and vibration and crashworthiness in passenger cars, the implementation of closed-loop structural optimisation in the robust design context to reduce the risk for S&R has been limited. In this respect, the main obstacles have been the demanding computational resources and the absence of quantified S&R risk evaluation methods. In this work, a topometry optimisation approach is proposed to involve the geometric variation analysis in an attribute balancing problem together with the dynamic response of the system. The proposed method was used to identify the potential areas of a door component that needed structural reinforcement. The main objective was to enhance the design robustness to minimise the risk for S&R by improving the system response to static geometrical uncertainties and dynamic excitation

Transforming brand core values into perceived quality: A Volvo case study

Core values are an important part of Volvo Car Group’s and Volvo Trucks’ strategic development plans. These two companies share the same core values, quality, safety, and environmental care, but they approach these values in different ways. This study seeks to understand how industry professionals and customers perceive these core values and the attributes that are associated with them, using semi-structured interviews with industry professionals from both companies and quantitative survey methods with customers. The purposes of this study are to investigate how designers convey core values to customers through product attributes and how customers perceive those core values through the same attributes. Such an understanding reveals the commonalities and discrepancies between the perspectives of producers and customers, and can contribute to more effective design processes that communicate company values in the early product development phases

Design of the top tether component for the premium car market segment: Case study of Volvo Cars

The positive correlation between successful car design and high perceived quality is indisputable. In the highly competitive premium car market segment, the implementation of methods for perceived quality evaluation is an integral part of the strategic development plans of car manufacturers. However, to correctly define the perceived quality requirements and address market opportunities, the car manufacturers need to capture diverse customer demands. This study seeks to understand how customers perceive and prioritize attributes that are associated with the perceived quality of the premium car market segment. During the study, we evaluated the next generation top tether design concepts for Volvo Cars sedan models S60 and S90. The top tether is the part of an ISOFIX system used to connect a forward-facing child seat in a car and is a critical safety component significantly reducing potential injuries. We applied the Perceived Quality Attributes Importance Ranking (PQAIR) methodology to understand the importance of different perceived quality attributes from a customer perspective. In other words, we investigated the meaning of “premiumness” for the customers, applied to the specific car component. This approach was tested on 200 respondents representing the customer target group and was performed in collaboration with Volvo Cars technical experts. Our results verify the rationality of the applied method and indicate the improvement of engineering practices regarding the evaluation of perceived quality