Mapping the coevolution of urban energy systems: pathways of change

Abstract. The interface of a long-standing movement for sustainability at the urban scale and the imperatives of the carbon-reduction agenda are driving change in urban energy systems. This paper seeks to address the nature of that change and, in particular, to consider how different pathways of change are emerging. To do this it draws on the coevolution and pathways literatures to interrogate a database of current urban energy initiatives within the UK. This analysis reveals the multiple pathways of change though which new modes of energy production and consumption are being developed to deliver carbon reductions through the reconfiguring of urban energy systems. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these changes for urban governance and for carbon reductions

Эффективность применения препаратов кальция с витамином Д и минералами для коррекции костной плотности у детей с муковисцидозом

Catedra Pediatrie, Facultatea Rezidenţiat şi Secundariat Clinic, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”Bone disease has been described as a common complication that progresses with age, severity of lung damage and nutritional disorders in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Glucocorticoid therapy, maldigestion and malabsorption resulting in the deficiency of vitamin D and minerals such as calcium may contribute to secondary loss of bone mass. A group of 42 patients with CF was examined to measure low bone mass density status (osteopenia, osteoporosis) and the effects of therapy. Z-score showed a decrease in both groups: – 2.83 ± 0.44 DS in CF children < 12 years and – 3.61 ± 0.50 DS in CF patients > 12 years. Three months of treatment with minerals and vitamins supplement produced an increase of Z-score to – 2.44 ± 0.47 DS in children < 12 years and to – 2.85 ± 0.49 in older patients.Патология костной системы частое осложнение у пациентов с муковисцидозом, которая прогрессирует с возрастом, со степенью тяжести повреждения легких и нарушения питания. Терапия с глюкокортикоидами, мальдигестия и мальабсорбция в результате недостатка витамина Д и минералов, таких как кальция, может способствовать потере костной массы. Для выявления признаков сниженной костной плотности (остеопении, остеопороза) были обследованы 42 пациента с муковисцидозом. У детей младше 12 лет значение Z-score было снижено до 2,65 ± 0,56 DS, а для пациентов старше 12 лет уровень Z-score был значительно снижен и составил – 3,43 ± 0,37 DS. На фоне применения кальция с витамином Д и других препаратов, содержащих минералы и витамины, показатель Z-score увеличился до 2,25 ± 0,51 DS в группе детей 12 лет

Chest imaging findings in children with cystic fibrosis

Department of Pediatrics, NicolaeTestemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Department of Imagistic, Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health Care, Congresul III al Medicilor de Familie din Republica Moldova, 17–18 mai, 2012, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Conferinţa Naţională „Maladii bronhoobstructive la copii”, consacrată profesorului universitar, doctor habilitat Victor Gheţeul, 27 aprilie, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited chronic life-threatening disease that most critically affects the lungs. It causes the production ofsticky mucus that clogs the lungs and leads to inflammation. The severity of lung damage determines the evolution of the disease and requires instrumental confirmation. Research was performed to determinate the structural changes of the lung tissue in children with CF by the conventional chest X-ray and thorax spiral computed tomography (CT). In this study we evaluated the chest X-raysof 55 patients (32 girls and 23 boys) and the CT scans of 36 patients with CF (21 girls and 15 boys), from 2 to 18 years. Four patients had a mild evolution of CF, 10 children had moderate, and 21 suffered from the severe form of the disease. The most common chest radiographic findings in CF patients were hyperinflation (87.3%), bronchial thickening (94.5%) and dilatation (41.8%), an increase in interstitial markings (76.3%), and pneumofibrosis (85.4%). Abnormal findings were detected in 94.4% patients examined by CT. Bronchiectasis developed in 77.7% CF patients, including 28.6% cases in the upper or mid lobes and 71.4% children with generalized bronchiectasis. Cysticbronchus deformations withliquid levels were identified in 2 of the patients with severe evolution of CF. Sectors of fibrosis were revealed in 6 spiral CT images. In two of the CF children CT findings of chronic obstructive bronchitis were detected, and in other two patients no structural bronchial changes were founded. The method of spiral tomography offeredmore complete and detailed information about the anatomo-morphological substrate of pulmonary modifications in children with cystic fibrosis. In children with CF structural bronchopulmonaryspiral CTsreveals modifications such as focal fibrosis, and sometimes widespread bronchial deformations with saccate bronchiectasis

A multi-scalar perspective on health and urban housing: an umbrella review

With more than half the world’s population living in cities, understanding how the built environment impacts human health at different urban scales is crucial. To be able to shape cities for health, an understanding is needed of planetary health impacts, which encompass the human health impacts of human-caused disruptions on the Earth’s natural ecosystems. This umbrella review maps health evidence across the spatial scales of the built environment (building; neighbourhood; and wider system, including city, regional and planetary levels), with a specific focus on urban housing. Systematic reviews published in English between January 2011 and December 2020 were searched across 20 databases, with 1176 articles identified and 124 articles screened for inclusion. Findings suggests that most evidence reports on health determinants at the neighbourhood level, such as greenspace, physical and socio-economic conditions, transport infrastructure and access to local services. Physical health outcomes are also primarily reported, with an emerging interest in mental health outcomes. There is little evidence on planetary health outcomes and significant gaps in the research literature are identified. Based on these findings, three potential directions are identified for future research

Респираторная функция у детей с муковисцидозом, с сопутствующей бронхиальной астмой и оториноларингической патологией

Catedra Pediatrie, Facultatea Rezidenţiat şi Secundariat Clinic, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Conferinţa naţională ştiinţifico-practică în domeniul otorinolaringologiei pediatrice, 30 octombrie 2009, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaThis study included 26 children 6-18 years old. The study group consisted of 13 children with associated cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchial asthma and otorhinolaryngological (ORL) diseases. The control group included 13 children with CF without signs of asthma and ORL diseases. The results of the study showed the increased frequency of atopic family history, antecedents of personal allergy (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis), and ORL pathology in children from the study group. The spirographic values were significantly lower (p>0,001) in CF associated with bronchial asthma (FVC 54.38±4.2%, FEV1 54.92±5.45%, FEF25-75 60.84±9.57%) than in that of the children from the control group (FVC 67.89±2.4%, FEV1 72.84±2.8%, FEF25-75 115±5.43%). В настоящую работу были включены 26 детей в возрасте 6-18 лет. Основную группу составили 13 детей с муковисцидозом, с сопутствующей бронхиальной астмой и ЛОР патологией, а контрольную группу – 13 детей с муковисцидозом без признаков бронхиальной астмы и ЛОР патологии. Полученные данные доказали наличие семейной предрасположенности к аллергическим заболеваниям, наличие аллергической и ЛОР патологии в анамнезе, которые преобладали в основной группе. Спирометрическое исследование выявило более выраженную (p>0,001) дисфункцию проходимости бронхов у детей с муковисцидозом и бронхиальной астмой (ЖЕЛ 54,38±4,2%, ОФВ1 54,92±5,45%, сос25-75 60,84±9,57%) в сравнении с детьми контрольной группы (ЖЕЛ 67,89±2,4%, ОФВ1 72,84±2,8%, сос25-75 115±5,43%)

Probing the structure and dynamics of molecular clusters using rotational wavepackets

The chemical and physical properties of molecular clusters can heavily depend on their size, which makes them very attractive for the design of new materials with tailored properties. Deriving the structure and dynamics of clusters is therefore of major interest in science. Weakly bound clusters can be studied using conventional spectroscopic techniques, but the number of lines observed is often too small for a comprehensive structural analysis. Impulsive alignment generates rotational wavepackets, which provides simultaneous information on structure and dynamics, as has been demonstrated successfully for isolated molecules. Here, we apply this technique for the firsttime to clusters comprising of a molecule and a single helium atom. By forcing the population of high rotational levels in intense laser fields we demonstrate the generation of rich rotational line spectra for this system, establishing the highly delocalised structure and the coherence of rotational wavepacket propagation. Our findings enable studies of clusters of different sizes and complexity as well as incipient superfluidity effects using wavepacket methods.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Possible observation of parametrically amplified coherent phasons in K0.3MoO3 using time-resolved extreme-ultraviolet ARPES

We use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (tr-ARPES) in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) to measure the time- and momentum-dependent electronic structure of photo-excited K0.3MoO3. Prompt depletion of the Charge Density Wave (CDW) condensate launches coherent oscillations of the amplitude mode, observed as a 1.7-THz-frequency modulation of the bonding band position. In contrast, the anti-bonding band oscillates at about half this frequency. We attribute these oscillations to coherent excitation of phasons via parametric amplification of phase fluctuations.Comment: 4 figure