On the Edge Covering Transversal Edge Domination in Graphs

Let G = (V,E) be any graph with nvertices and medges. An edge dominating set which intersects every minimum edge covering set in a graph Gis called an edge covering transversal edge dominating set of G. The minimum cardinality of an edge covering transversal edge dominating set is called an edge covering transversal edge domination number of Gand is denoted by \gamma_{eect}(G). Any edge covering transversal edge dominating set of cardinalities\gamma_{eect}(G) is called a \gamma_{eect}-set of G. The edge covering transversal edge domination number of some standard graphs are determined. Some properties satisfied by this concept are studied

Comparative evaluation of homogeneity and quality of obturation by different obturation techniques using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An In Vitro study

BACKGROUND : Newer materials are emerging in the field of endodontics which can be used as root canal filling materials. Most of them are able to provide an adequate coronal and apical seal which is one of the prime requisite’s for successful endodontic therapy. This in vitro study was done inorder to evaluate the homogeneity and quality of four obturating techniques namely, Lateral Compaction, Guttaflow, Beefill and Thermafill using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS : One twenty (120) lower first premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used for this study. For the standardization of samples, teeth with single canals and straight roots were selected. The selected teeth were then stored in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for two hours in order to dissolve the attached periodontal ligament fibers. After, which the teeth were made free of calculus and debris by using an ultrasonic scaler and the samples were washed under normal tap water and stored in normal saline solution at 370C and 100% humidity. The access cavities were prepared by using an endo access bur and the working length was estimated with the help of routine radiographs. The canal shaping was done by using the protaper rotary file system upto size 30 by following the crown down technique. 2.5ml of 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite solution was used as the irrigant in between the filing sequences followed by 5ml of 17% EDTA solution and then 2.5 ml of saline was as the final flush. Then a preoperative CBCT analysis was done in order to evaluate the volume of the root canal after standardizing the working length at 15mm. This 15mm is further divided into coronal, middle and apical segments of 5mm each. These 5mm segments were further divided into 0.5mm slices. The prepared root canals were then dried with appropriately sized paper points. AH plus sealer was coated along the walls of the prepared canals by using a lentulospiral at a speed of 300 rpm. Before obturation, the samples were randomly divided into four groups where group I was obturated by Lateral Compaction technique (LC), group II was obturated with Guttaflow (GF), group III was obturated with Thermafill (TF) and group IV was with Beefill (BF) by following the manufacturer’s instructions. Then, the postoperative CBCT analysis was performed by using the CBCT scanner (ORTHOPHOS XG 3D, Sirona Dental systems, Bensheim, Germany). The volume of each segment was then calculated from the linear measurements obtained by the CBCT analysis. The volume of the root canal in each slice was then calculated by multiplying the root canal area with the slice thickness (0.5mm). The Volume Percentage of the voids in the obturated root canal (VP) was calculated by using the formula, (R-V) ×100/R where, R is the volume of the root canal space and V is the volume of the void space. From this formula the volume percentage of the obturated material was calculated. The homogeneity of obturation was then evaluated by estimating the prevalence of voids at the coronal, middle and apical segments of the obturated root canals. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS : The obtained data was then analyzed statistically by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (SPSS) version – 17 Software for Windows. Data entry was done by using the Microsoft office Excel spreadsheet where the data was expressed in its mean and standard deviation and were then analyzed by using ANOVA and multiple comparisons by Post Hoc Bonferroni test. RESULTS : Voids were present in all the groups (LC, GF, TF and BF) but the results were not statistically significant. In the intergroup comparison of the overall total volume percentage between the four groups, the mean overall total volume percentage of the Lateral Compaction group (LC) was the lowest at 88.9407% and Beefill (BF) at 97.9273 % was the highest, which was statistically significant. The overall volume percentage of the obturated material was the highest in the Beefill (BF) group followed by Thermafill (TF), Guttaflow (GF) and the Lateral Compaction techniques (LC). For the presence of extrusion among the four groups, the mean value for Lateral Compaction was 3.07 and for Beefill it was 1.033 which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION : Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that 1. Voids were present in all the four groups (LC,GF,TF,BF). 2. The maximum volume percentage of obturated material was found in the Beefill group (97.9273%) and the least volume percentage was found in the Lateral Compaction technique (88.9407%). 3. Extrusion was present in the Lateral Compaction group (3.07 %). 4. The homogeneity and quality of obturation was better in Beefill followed by Thermafill, Guttaflow and finally by Lateral Compaction

Nutritional status, energy and protein consumption among primary schoolchildren in Pulau Mantanani, Kota Belud, Sabah

This study was conducted in April 2007 in Pulau Mantanani, an isolated island northwest of Kota Belud, 80 km north of Kota Kinabalu. Forty-six schoolchildren, boys and girls aged 10, 11 and 12 were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken and compared with the growth charts of the National Centre for Health Statistics. Food consumption based on the 24- hours dietary recall was recorded and calculated using the NutriCal software. It was interesting to know that despite the acceptable protein consumption, the growth indicators showed otherwise. Results showed that 50.0% of the children were stunted (<-2 standard deviation of height for age), 52.2% were underweight (<-2 standard deviation of weight for age) and 17.4% were wasted (<-2 standard deviation of weight for height). 2.2% had a energy consumption of less than 1/3 of the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for Malaysia, 43.5% consumed energy between 1/3-2/3 of the RNI whereas 41.3% consumed between 2/3 to 100% of the RNI while 13% consumed energy more than the RNI. As for protein intake, 39.1% children had protein intake below the RNI. However, there was no significant correlation between growth indicators and energy consumption. In conclusion, this study showed poor nutritional status of the children as shown by the growth indicators. Energy intake was also inadequate among the majority of the children although protein consumption was higher than the RNI by 2/3 of the subjects

Cancer drug therapy and stochastic modelling of “nano-motors”

Controlled inhibition of kinesin motor proteins is highly desired in the field of oncology. Among other interventions, the selective Eg5 competitive and allosteric inhibitors is the most successful targeted chemotherapeutic regime/options, inducing cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression with improved safety profile. Though promising, this approach is under clinical trials, for the discovery of efficient and least harmful Eg5 inhibitors. The aim of present research is to bridge the computational modelling approach with drug design and therapy of cancer cells. Thus a computational model, interfaced with the clinical data of “Eg5 dynamics” and “inhibitors” via special functions is presented in this article. Comparisons are made for the drug efficacy and the threshold values are predicted through numerical simulations

A review on hyperthermia via nanoparticle-mediated therapy

Hyperthermia treatment, generated by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is promising since it is tumour-focused, minimally invasive and uniform. The most unique feature of magnetic nanoparticles is their reaction to and manipulation by a magnetic force which is responsible for enabling their potential as heating mediators for cancer therapy. With magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia, a tumour is preferentially loaded with systemically administered nanoparticles with high-absorption cross section for transduction of an extrinsic energy source to heat. To maximize the energy deposited in the tumour while limiting the exposure in healthy tissues, the heating is achieved by exposing the region of tissue containing magnetic nanoparticles to an alternating magnetic field. The magnetic nanoparticles dissipate heat from relaxation losses thereby heating localized tissue above normal physiological ranges. Besides thermal efficiency, the biocompatibility of magnetite nanoparticles assists in their deployment as efficient drug carriers for targeted therapeutic regimes. In the present article we provide a state-of-the-art review focused on progress in nanoparticle induced hyperthermia treatments which have several potential advantages over both global and local hyperthermia treatments achieved without nanoparticles. Green bio-nanotechnology has attracted substantial attention and has demonstrable abilities to improve cancer therapy. Furthermore we have listed the challenges associated with this treatment along with future opportunities in this field which it is envisaged will be of interest to biomedical engineers, bio-materials scientists, medical researchers and pharmacological research groups

A classic triphasic pleomorphic adenoma of nasal cavity mimicking as malignancy: a rare case report

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor of major salivary glands and intra nasal PA is unusual which may be misdiagnosed as malignancy. A 65-year-old female presented with unilateral nasal bleeding and nasal obstruction in right nasal cavity for 6 months. Local examination showed polypoid mass which surgically excised. HPE showed classic triphasic component of epithelial, myoepithelial with cartilaginous stromal elements and pathological diagnosis of PA made. High cellularity of tumor and predominant squamous epithelial component with keratin pearl created diagnostic confusion of malignancy and it confirmed by immune-histochemistry using p63 to demonstrate presence of myoepithelial component. Highlighted this case report for its unusual location and rare triphasic component of tumor tissue with keratin pearl formation which mimic as malignancy

Ex Vivo Perfusion Characteristics of Donation After Cardiac Death Kidneys Predict Long-Term Graft Survival

Background. Ex vivo perfusion is used in our unit for kidneys donated after cardiac death (DCD). Perfusion flow index (PFI), resistance, and perfusate glutathione S-transferase (GST) can be measured to assess graft viability. We assessed whether measurements taken during perfusion could predict long-term outcome after transplantation. Methods. All DCD kidney transplants performed from 2002 to 2014 were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were: incomplete data, kidneys not machine perfused, kidneys perfused in continuous mode, and dual transplantation. There were 155 kidney transplantations included in the final analysis. Demographic data, ischemia times, donor hypertension, graft function, survival and machine perfusion parameters after 3 hours were analyzed. Each perfusion parameter was divided into 3 groups as high, medium, and low. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated at 12 months and then yearly after transplantation. Results. There was a significant association between graft survival and PFI and GST (P values, .020 and .022, respectively). PFI was the only independent parameter to predict graft survival. Conclusions. A low PFI during ex vivo hypothermic perfusion is associated with inferior graft survival after DCD kidney transplantation. We propose that PFI is a measure of the health of the graft vasculature and that a low PFI indicates vascular disease and therefore predicts a worse long-term outcome

Opinion Poll: Big Data Implementation of Unstructured Data Analytics of Social Network Reviews Using Sentiment Analysis SVM

Recent systems developed are dependent on user feedbacks or opinions. These feedbacks or opinions are generated in volumes everyday which are difficult to filter and analyse. We propose Sentiment based analysis is the major key in categorizing the user\u27s Feedback. In thispaper, we study the processing of all the reviews posted in an online shopping application and classify them using SVM. We use big data to analyze the vast amounts of data generated. User reviews are the input to the Big Data HDFS System. Data are stored in the Data Nodes. Index is maintained in the Name Node. Reviews are analyzed using Sentiment Analysis and Positive Negative Tweets are classified. Also products are recommended based on the previous purchases and group notification is sent to all the customers in a group

Role of key players in paradigm shifts of prostate cancer bone metastasis

Prostate cancer is one of the most common human cancers and bone metastasis is a frequent finding in the natural history of several types of cancers. The molecular mechanisms that makes prostate cancer metastasize to bone have recently been identified, and provide new molecular targets for drug development, several biochemical by-products that provide insight into the tumorbone interaction, with potential to enhance the clinical management of patients with bone metastases, have been reported during the past decade, however, its anticipated risk, diagnosis and response to therapy are still challenging to assess in clinical practice. In this article, we will discuss these challenges with an emphasis on the communication pathways between each cell type involved and the roles of Wnts, sclerostin, RANKL, PTHrP and macrophages