Kannada Character Recognition System A Review

Intensive research has been done on optical character recognition ocr and a large number of articles have been published on this topic during the last few decades. Many commercial OCR systems are now available in the market, but most of these systems work for Roman, Chinese, Japanese and Arabic characters. There are no sufficient number of works on Indian language character recognition especially Kannada script among 12 major scripts in India. This paper presents a review of existing work on printed Kannada script and their results. The characteristics of Kannada script and Kannada Character Recognition System kcr are discussed in detail. Finally fusion at the classifier level is proposed to increase the recognition accuracy.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Meera the Poet and Dravidian Ideology

Poet Meera is an eloquent and conceptual interpreter, who uses simple words to polish profound ideas into her poetic wit. Poet Meera is a poetess who added beauty to Mother Tamil. Ever since her childhood, she had an insatiable love for poetry and poets, and to that extent the Dravidian Kazhagam worshipped the rationalists of the Dravidian movement like Periyar, Anna and Kalaignar. She was born to restore human society like a Sivagangai Seeman. This article explains the human feelings, progressive thoughts, the words she wanted to say emphatically and deeply, poems and essays by aligning them with Dravidian principles

Upper Vertex Triangle Free Detour Number of a Graph

For a graph G, the x-triangle free detour set, the x-triangle free detour number, the minimal x-triangle free detour set, the upper x-triangle free detour number, are defined and studied. Certain bounds are determined and the relation with the vertex triangle free detour number of a graph is found out. Some realization problems, properties related to the upper vertex detour number, the upper vertex detour monophonic number and the upper vertex geodetic number are also studied

Upper Vertex Triangle Free Detour Number of a Graph

For a graph G, the x-triangle free detour set, the x-triangle free detour number, the minimal x-triangle free detour set, the upper x-triangle free detour number, are defined and studied. Certain bounds are determined and the relation with the vertex triangle free detour number of a graph is found out. Some realization problems, properties related to the upper vertex detour number, the upper vertex detour monophonic number and the upper vertex geodetic number are also studied

Barriers and enablers to childhood cataract services in India

There is little epidemiological information about cataract in children globally and thus a lack of evidence to guide policy related to childhood cataract. Early presentation for cataract surgery in children is an important first step for effective treatment. The overall aim of this research was to determine the age at childhood cataract surgery in India and to understand the barriers and enablers to accessing childhood cataract services in the region. A mixed methods approach was used. Quantitative data were obtained via a questionnaire in nine different eye hospitals in eight states in India. Qualitative data were collected from the perspectives of parents and carers and primary eye care providers using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions respectively and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) of behaviour change was used for analysis. A systematic review was conducted to estimate global prevalence of childhood cataract. This was estimated to be 1.14 /10000 overall, and 0.46 /10000 in low and lower middle income economies. The mean age at surgery for congenital cataract in India was 4 years and for developmental cataract it was 8 years, but these numbers varied significantly between the regions in the country. Delays to surgery occurred at recognition, when accessing the hospital and delayed surgery at the hospital. The barriers and enablers identified from the perspectives of the parents and carers suggest a need for behavioural change intervention to enhance health seeking behaviour in the communities. The findings suggest gaps in knowledge and awareness among the primary care team which should be further investigated and addressed. Based on these research findings several recommendations were identified and a preliminary recommended intervention strategy was developed to achieve behaviour changes with the aim of increasing early uptake of childhood cataract services in India

Adult acute epiglottitis

Acute epiglottitis is a disease of rapid onset and progression of symptoms and has been well described in children. The importance of being aware of this diagnosis is to prevent an acute upper airway obstruction that can be potentially fatal. Here we describe two cases of adult acute epiglottitis where the patients had severe symptoms of sorethroat but a normal looking oropharynx

Aircraft Parameter Estimation using Feedforward Neural Networks With Lyapunov Stability Analysis

Aerodynamic parameter estimation is critical in the aviation sector, especially in design and development programs of defense-military aircraft. In this paper, new results of the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to the field of aircraft parameter estimation are presented. The performances of Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) with Backpropagation and FFNN with Backpropagation using Recursive Least Square (RLS) are investigated for aerodynamic parameter estimation. The methods are validated on flight data simulated using MATLAB implementations. The normalized Lyapunov energy functional has been used to derive the convergence conditions for both the ANN-based estimation algorithms. The estimation results are compared on the basis of performance metrics and computation time. The performance of FFNN-RLS has been observed to be approximately 10% better than FFNN-BPN. Simulation results from both algorithms have been found to be highly satisfactory and pave the way for further applications to real flight test data

Numerical study of the role of land-air-sea interactions for the northeasterly monsoon circulations over Indian Ocean during INDOEX

One of the principal objectives of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) was to study the aerosol transport from the Indian subcontinent to the pristine oceanic environment. The underlying hypothesis for INDOEX is that, during the northeasterly monsoon, the intruding aerosols and other anthropogenic pollutants can entrain into the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Equatorial Indian Ocean and finally into the clouds. The altered clouds influence the radiative transfer processes at the regional and possibly global scale. The driving mechanism for the regional transport was the boundary layer circulation. In this study, it was hypothesized that the circulation pattern, which affects the regional transport, was strongly influenced by the land-air-sea interactions. To test this, a zonally symmetric version of a primitive equation numerical weather prediction model, called the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), was used. A number of numerical experiments were performed for a 2-D domain ranging from 14°N to 16°S centered over 76°E. In the experiments, the influence of land-sea interaction (differential heating), topography (Western Ghats), and the thermal gradients (SST and land surface temperature) on the coastal circulations over Equatorial Indian Ocean were studied. Results indicated a strong land-air-sea interaction and feedback teleconnection between the local and large scale features. Interestingly, the model generated land influence to the order of 1000 km offshore in the simulation domain, consistent with different observations. Results suggest that the oceanic environment in the northeast monsoon over Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean can display significant diurnal variability and heterogeneity due to topography and surface temperature gradients, and that the local features have interactive feedback on the large scale circulations and transport

Application of three-dimensional triple nested mesoscale model for assessing the transport and boundary layer variability over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX

A three-dimensional triple nested domain version of MM5 was applied for INDOEX region (40.12°N- 32.04°S; 32.10°E-117.90°E) to study the regional flow patterns and associated transport using backward and forward trajectories. The model was integrated for 48- h period starting 00 UTC 5 March 1999. From the simulations a mapping of the temporal and spatial variations in the marine boundary layer (MBL) heights were obtained. The boundary layer heights were verified using actual ship-based sounding from RV Ronald H. Brown and a good agreement was found. The model simulated significant variability in the MBL heights both spatially and temporally. During the daytime, the continental boundary layer was ~ 1500 m deep while over the ocean, the MBL was shallow (~ 300 m) near the coast, and it increased steadily towards the ITCZ where MBL heights of ~ 1000 m were encountered. During night there was a reversal with the continental boundary layer heights averaging less than 500 m while over the ocean, particularly over the ITCZ, the MBL heights were ~ 1000 to 1500 m. This variability in the MBL heights significantly affected the transport pattern over the INDOEX region. Both the backward and forward trajectories showed distinct characteristics depending on the source region (eastern or western coastal landmass, equator, or near ITCZ). Near the coast, there was an evidence for localized circulation in which the air parcels were trapped along the coast. For the open oceans (both near the ITCZ as well as equator) the air parcel trajectories continued over a significant distance. Results suggest that MM5 can be successfully applied for diagnostic studies related to INDOEX, and that the boundary layer heights and the variations in the air parcel transport need to be considered for interpreting the surface measurements