Replacing soybean meal with sunflower meal in laying hens rations and its effects on cecal volatile fatty acids profile and intestinal microbial colonization

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of replacing different levels of soybean meal with sunflower meal (with and without enzyme) on cecal volatile fatty acid profile and intestinal microbial colonization in laying hens. In this experiment, 360 laying hens from the age of 47 to 57 weeks, in 9 treatments and five replications (8 hens in each replicate) were performed as a 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design for ten weeks. The results showed that the replacement of 30 and 60 percent sunflower meal and enzyme (100 and 200 gr/ton) has significantly improved the concentration of n-valeric acid on the cecum of laying hens (P< 0.05). Simultaneously, increasing 30 percentage of sunflower meal or 100 of an enzyme enhanced isovaleric acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid (P< 0.05). Reduction in intestinal log Ecoli was discovered for samples treated with 30 and 60 percent of sunflower (P<0.05), but for log baglus that treated with 30 and 60 percent of sunflower showed higher (P<0.05). The main effects of the enzyme had no significant impact on the cecal microbial population (P>.0.05) while, the effect of meal source and enzyme additive interactions on the tested parameters was significant (P<.0.05). Hence, sunflower meal could be used as an alternative protein source in laying hens ration to improve cecal VFA profile and reduce cecal Ecoli population. Substitution of sunflower meal in laying hens is recommended

Replacing of soybean meal with sunflower meal with and without multi-enzyme on laying performance and egg quality in Hy-Line laying hens

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of replacement of different levels of soybean meal with sunflower meal on laying performance and egg quality parameters in laying hens. In this experiment, 360 laying hens from the age of 47 to 57 weeks, in 9 treatments and 5 replications (8 hens in each replication) were divided into a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of sunflower meal (0, 30, and 60%) and enzyme additive (0, 100 and 200 g/ton) in a completely randomized design for ten weeks. The results showed that the replacement of soybean meal with sunflower meal and enzyme has significant effects on the performance of laying hens. So that 60% replacement of soybean meal with sunflower meal increased the amount of daily feed intake of laying hens (P<.0.05). The use of 200 gr/ton of multi enzyme in laying hens diet, without having significant effects on other performance parameters, increased the amount of daily feed intake (P<.0.05). Concurrently, there was a non-significant (P>.0.05) trend for egg quality parameters, but weights of egg albumin were affected significantly (P<.0.05) substitution of 60% of sunflower meal in diets increased the amount egg albumin weight. In general, in laying hens, it is possible to replace 60% of soybean meal with sunflower meal without adversely affecting the performance and egg quality. The use of a multi-enzyme only increased the amount of feed intake

Effect of operating parameters on enhanced biological phosphorus removal

As organic matter content of the wastewater is limiting factor for phosphorus removal in enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes, avoiding available organic matter consumption, particularly volatile fatty acids by the denitrifiers as much as possible, and saving this amount for phosphorus removal gives rise to higher levels of phosphorus removals. In order to save that organic matter as much as possible and utilize this amount in biological phosphorus removal in any activated sludge treatment plant embedding nitrification, the most appropriate process option seemed the modification of A/O biological phosphorus removal process option. For this purpose, A/O was modified by adding an anoxic stage to the beginning of the process to remove only the recycled nitrate-nitrogens and resulting phosphorus removals over per unit of TBOD removal at different operational parameters were studied on a pilot scale plant operated on continuous-flow basis

Replacing soybean meal with sunflower meal in laying hens rations and its effects on cecal volatile fatty acids profile and intestinal microbial colonization

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of replacing different levels of soybean meal with sunflower meal (with and without enzyme) on cecal volatile fatty acid profile and intestinal microbial colonization in laying hens. In this experiment, 360 laying hens from the age of 47 to 57 weeks, in 9 treatments and five replications (8 hens in each replicate) were performed as a 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design for ten weeks. The results showed that the replacement of 30 and 60 percent sunflower meal and enzyme (100 and 200 gr/ton) has significantly improved the concentration of n-valeric acid on the cecum of laying hens (P&lt; 0.05). Simultaneously, increasing 30 percentage of sunflower meal or 100 of an enzyme enhanced isovaleric acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid (P&lt; 0.05). Reduction in intestinal log Ecoli was discovered for samples treated with 30 and 60 percent of sunflower (P&lt;0.05), but for log baglus that treated with 30 and 60 percent of sunflower showed higher (P&lt;0.05). The main effects of the enzyme had no significant impact on the cecal microbial population (P&gt;.0.05) while, the effect of meal source and enzyme additive interactions on the tested parameters was significant (P&lt;.0.05). Hence, sunflower meal could be used as an alternative protein source in laying hens ration to improve cecal VFA profile and reduce cecal Ecoli population. Substitution of sunflower meal in laying hens is recommended.</jats:p

Replacing of soybean meal with sunflower meal with and without multi-enzyme on laying performance and egg quality in Hy-Line laying hens

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of replacement of different levels of soybean meal with sunflower meal on laying performance and egg quality parameters in laying hens. In this experiment, 360 laying hens from the age of 47 to 57 weeks, in 9 treatments and 5 replications (8 hens in each replication) were divided into a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of sunflower meal (0, 30, and 60%) and enzyme additive (0, 100 and 200 g/ton) in a completely randomized design for ten weeks. The results showed that the replacement of soybean meal with sunflower meal and enzyme has significant effects on the performance of laying hens. So that 60% replacement of soybean meal with sunflower meal increased the amount of daily feed intake of laying hens (P&lt;.0.05). The use of 200 gr/ton of multi enzyme in laying hens diet, without having significant effects on other performance parameters, increased the amount of daily feed intake (P&lt;.0.05). Concurrently, there was a non-significant (P&gt;.0.05) trend for egg quality parameters, but weights of egg albumin were affected significantly (P&lt;.0.05) substitution of 60% of sunflower meal in diets increased the amount egg albumin weight. In general, in laying hens, it is possible to replace 60% of soybean meal with sunflower meal without adversely affecting the performance and egg quality. The use of a multi-enzyme only increased the amount of feed intake.</jats:p