The Dynamics of 3-dimentional micro-mechanic sensor of angle motions of a robot-hexapod

Transfer function matrices of 3d MEMS sensor of angular motions and spectral density of noises measurements were estimated with the help of the method of structural identification for first time. This provides the possibility to control and operate the angle position of the platform of robot-hexapod

Obtaining the Enoxaparin Sodium Substance Equivalent to the Original Clexane® and Lovenox®. The Selection of Technological Parameters and Optimization of the “Greenness” of the Purification Stage

The aim of the study was to adjust and optimize the purification stage of crude enoxaparin sodium to obtain a substance equivalent to the original drugs Clexane® and Lovenox® according to the criteria specified by the FDA. The purification stage involves the reprecipitation of crude enoxaparin in methanol. Determining the ratio of solvents required for the reprecipitation is important for studying the correlation between the experimental conditions of the technological process and the structural characteristics of enoxaparin samples. In the study, the method of purification of enoxaparin sodium described in the patent was assessed, and the following variations of the MeOH:H2O solvent ratio were selected – 4:1; 2:1; 1:1. The obtained samples of enoxaparin sodium were analyzed according to the in-house specification developed on the basis of the pharmacopoeial monograph, as well as by non-pharmacopoeial methods, such as two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (HSQC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for detailed characterization of the molecule. Strategies of greening of the enoxaparin sodium purification stage by reducing the E-factor were also considered in the study. Considering the principles of “green” chemistry, the method of purification of crude enoxaparin sodium was optimized by the solvent regeneration. It was experimentally possible to demonstrate the effect of the solvent ratio at the stage of purification of crude enoxaparin on the composition, as well as on the number and distribution of oligosaccharide fractions in the molecule. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the ratio of MeOH:H2O=1:1 allows obtaining samples that are closest to Clexane® and Lovenox® in terms of the molecular weight distribution profile and the composition profile. The E-factor was also reduced from 14 to 5.25 by solvent regeneration

Інноваційні технології утилізації органічних відходів з отриманням альтернативного палива на основі багатоконтурного циркуляційного піролізу

Разработана  технология многоконтурного циркуляционного пиролиза,  которая обеспечивает экологически безопасную утилизацию всего объема твердых бытовых отходов города, в том числе и медицинских отходов,  с получением ценных выходных  продуктов: жидкого топлива легких фракций и электроэнергии. Розроблена технологія багатоконтурного циркуляційного піролізу, яка  забезпечує екологічно безпечну утилізацію всього об`єму твердих побутових відходів міста, в тому числі  і медичних відходів, з одержанням цінних вихідних продуктів: рідкого палива легких фракцій та електроенергії.

Контроль та дослідження можливих модифікацій рідких вуглеводнів піролізного палива

The variety of modifications of liquid hydrocarbons as parts of the pyrolysis fuel is discussed. The aim of the research is to set the regularities of concentration of each of the available hydrocarbons from processing conditions of the multistage circulation pyrolysis process performance. The modifications of liquid hydrocarbons obtained at different temperature and time modes are experimentally studied. A detailed hydrocarbon analysis of samples of the obtained liquid fuels is performed. The dependences of the qualitative composition of the liquid product from the processing modes of the experimental installation operation are analyzed and the areas of its practical application are identified. The experimental studies of the concentration of each of the available hydrocarbons showed their dependence on the processing modes of multistage circulation pyrolysis process performance. The research results make it possible to control the quantitative and qualitative composition of the obtained liquid product. The obtained results show the prospectivity of the processes of the thermal utilization of the plastic mixtures wastes, with the obtainment of fractions of the distillates which is of great interest for the production of components of motor fuels and for the individual type of fuel for a number of other electric power installations, such as the boiler ones.Осуществлен контроль модификаций жидких углеводородов пиролизного топлива. Экспериментально исследованы модификации жидких углеводородов, полученных в различных температурных и временных режимах по технологии многоконтурного циркуляционного пиролиза согласно методу экопирогенезиса. Проведен детальный углеводородный анализ образцов полученного жидкого топлива. Рассмотрены зависимости качественного состава исходного жидкого продукта от технологических режимов работы экспериментальной установки Екопир 18 и определены области практического его применения.Здійснено контроль модифікацій рідких вуглеводнів піролізного палива. Експериментально досліджено модифікації рідких вуглеводнів, одержаних у різних температурних та часових режимах за технологією багатоконтурного циркуляційного піролізу згідно з методом екопірогенезісу. Проведено детальний вуглеводневий аналіз зразків отриманого рідкого палива. Розглянуто залежності якісного складу вихідного рідкого продукту від технологічних режимів роботи експериментальної установки Екопір 18 та визначено галузі практичного його застосування

Дослідження раціональних технологічних параметрів роботи установки ЕУ БЦП-14

Testing is carried out on dissimilar raw materials processing. Technological parameters of experimental unit MCP-14 were investigated. Dependences were analyzed of receiving final products from raw material and technological parameters of the multicircuit circulatory pyrolysis.Проведены испытания по переработке разнородного сырья. Исследованы технологические параметры работы установки ЭУ МЦП-14. Проанализированы зависимости получения конечных продуктов от входного сырья и технологических параметров процесса многоконтурного циркуляционного пиролиза.Проведені випробування з переробки різнорідної сировини. Досліджені технологічні параметри роботи установки ЕУ БЦП-14. Проаналізовані залежності отримання кінцевих продуктів від вхідної сировини й технологічних параметрів процесу багатоконтурного циркуляційного піролізу.

Effects of the complexation of DNA in assemblies of surfactants on UV DNA damage and repair

communication oral

Експериментальна установка для дослідження процесу багатоконтурного циркуляційного піролізу

An experimental plant for research of multicircuit circulating pyrolysis process was developed. Key design elements of the experimental plant ES MCP-14 were described. Computer simulations and theoretical calculations of the characteristics of heat flow around the reactor were carried out.Разработана экспериментальная установка для исследования технологии многоконтурного циркуляционного пиролиза. Описаны основные конструкционные элементы экспериментальной установки ЭУ МЦП-14. Выполнено компьютерное моделирование и теоретические расчеты характеристик тепловых потоков вокруг реактора. Розроблена експериментальна установка для дослідження технології багатоконтурного циркуляційного піролізу. Описані основні конструкційні елементи експериментальної установки ЕУ БЦП-14. Виконані комп’ютерне моделювання та теоретичні розрахунки характеристик теплових потоків навколо реактора.

Benzophenone photosensitized DNA damage

[EN] A lthough the carcinogenic potential of ultraviolet radiation is well-known, UV light may interact with DNA by direct absorption or through photosensitization by endogenous or exogenous chromophores. These chromophores can extend the ¿active¿ fraction of the solar spectrum to the UVA region and beyond, which means that photosensitizers increase the probability of developing skin cancer upon exposure to sunlight. Therefore researchers would like to understand the mechanisms involved in photosensitized DNA damage both to anticipate possible photobiological risks and to design tailor-made photoprotection strategies. In this context, photosensitized DNA damage can occur through a variety of processes including electron transfer, hydrogen abstraction, triplet triplet energy transfer, or generation of reactive oxygen species. In this Account, we have chosen benzophenone (BP) as a classical and paradigmatic chromophore to illustrate the different lesions that photosensitization may prompt in nucleosides, in oligonucleotides, or in DNA. Thus, we discuss in detail the accumulated mechanistic evidence of the BP-photosensitized reactions of DNA or its building blocks obtained by our group and others. We also include ketoprofen (KP), a BP-derivative that possesses a chiral center, to highlight the stereodifferentiation in the key photochemical events, revealed through the dynamics of the reactive triplet excited state (3KP*). Our results show that irradiation of the BP chromophore in the presence of DNA or its components leads to nucleobase oxidations, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, single strand breaks, DNA protein cross-links, or abasic sites. We attribute the manifold photoreactivity of BP to its well established photophysical properties: (i) it absorbs UV light, up to 360 nm; (ii) its intersystem crossing quantum yield (OISC) is almost 1; (iii) the energy of its n¿* lowest triplet excited state (ET) is ca. 290 kJ mol 1; (iv) it produces singlet oxygen (1O2)with a quantum yield (¿¿) of ca. 0.3. For electron transfer and singlet oxygen reactions, we focused on guanine, the nucleobase with the lowest oxidation potential. Among the possible oxidative processes, electron transfer predominates. Conversely, triplet triplet energy transfer occurs mainly from 3BP* to thymine, the base with the lowest lying triplet state in DNA. This process results in the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, but it also competes with the Patern o B¿uchi reaction in nucleobases or nucleosides, giving rise to oxetanes as a result of crossed cycloadditions. Interestingly, we have found significant stereodifferentiation in the quenching of the KP triplet excited state by both 20-deoxyguanosine and thymidine. Based on these results, this chromophore shows potential as a (chiral) probe for the investigation of electron and triplet energy transport in DNA.We thank our co-workers who contributed to this research whose names appear in the references. Financial support from the Spanish Government (Grant CTQ2009-13699, JAE Doc fellowship for M.C.C, and Ramon y Cajal contract for V.L.-V.) is gratefully acknowledged.Cuquerella Alabort, MC.; Lhiaubet ., VL.; Cadet, J.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ. (2012). Benzophenone photosensitized DNA damage. Accounts of Chemical Research. 45(9):1558-1570. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300054eS1558157045