Good clinical practice: International quality standard for clinical trials

A clinical trial is one of the most important examples of experimental studies. Clinical trials represent an indispensable tool for testing, in a rigorous scientific manner, the efficacy of new therapies. Good Clinical Practice is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for clinical trials, concerning the design, conduct, performance, monitoring auditing, recording, analysis and reporting. This is an assurance to the public that the rights, safety and well-being of trial subjects are protected, and that clinical trial data is credible. The above definitions are consistent with the principles that have their origin in the declaration of Helsinki. The objectives of Good Clinical Practice are to protect the rights of trial subjects, to enhance credibility of data and to improve the quality of science

Preclinical pharmacology of bombesin antagonists

Ispitivana je serija analoga bombesina na antikancersku aktivnost prema različitim humanim tumorima u in vitro i in vivo uslovimaPreclinial pharmacology of different bombesin anatgonists has been investigated in vitro and in vivo against various human cancer

Chemical composition and screening of the antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of extracts of Stachys species

GC and GC/MS analyses of the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Stachys germanica subsp. heldreichii (Boiss) Hayek, Stachys iva Griseb., Stachys plumosa Griseb. and Stachys scardica Griseb., Balkan peninsula endemics, were performed. One hundred and seventy-nine constituents, accounting for 88.8–98.1% of the total composition of the extracts, were identified. The common feature of the diethyl ether extracts was the high content of terpenoids and fatty acid-derived compounds, while the common feature of the ethyl acetate extracts was the prevalence of fatty acid-derived compounds. A disk diffusion method was used for the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of the extracts against a panel of microorganisms (bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enteritidis; fungi: Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The total antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated by the phosphomolybdenum method. The preliminary bioassay results indicated that the diethyl ether extract of S. plumosa could be a possible source of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds

Comparative analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental studies of freight wagon Sdggmrss-twin

This paper presents a comparative analysis based on the results from static strength calculation of wagon body, series Sdggmrss-twin, and on the results from the real wagon test. The verification of results from calculations and tests and their comparison was mandatory for client's commissioning of the wagon by notified body. Calculations based on the finite elements method were carried out in the Department of Railway Engineering at Technical University of Sofia. Experimental studies on real wagon construction were conducted at the facilities of Bulgarian National Transport Research Institute by testing team from Laboratory of rail vehicles at University of Belgrade. It was found that the obtained static stress results are similar, which proves that the proposed models are appropriate and they can help to solve a wide range of issues, for example those related to lightweight design of railway vehicles

A NOTE ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN 3-METHYL-2-ALKANONES FROM THE ROOT ESSENTIAL OIL OF INULA HELENIUM L. (ASTERACEAE)

A predominantly odd-numbered, Gaussian-like distribution of the relative amounts of 3-methyl-2-alkanones, from I. helenium root essential oil, was observed. This distribution pattern indicates that their biosynthesis is related to that of fatty acids and related compounds. Simple (non-branched) 2-alkanones also show an odd carbon number prevalence in plants and other organisms, and it was shown that their biosynthesis indeed proceeds via the acetate pathway. In this paper, we propose three possible biosynthetic pathways by which 3-methyl-2-alkanones could be formed in the plant tissues. The essential distinction between them lies in the way the branching methyl group is introduced. The Gaussian parameter σ for the observed distribution of these ketones could be interpreted as the error introduced by the first elongase enzyme system involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived compounds. BIOSINTEZA 3-METIL-2-ALKANONA DUGOG UGLJOVODONIČNOG LANCA IZ ETARSKOG ULJA KORENA BILJNE VRSTE INULA HELENIUM L. (ASTERACEAE)3-Metil-2-alkanoni dugog ugljovodoničnog lanca su nađeni u etarskom ulju korena biljne vrste I. helenium L. Uočena je Gausova raspodela njihovih relativnih količina, pri čemu su homolozi sa neparnim brojem C-atoma bili zastupljeniji. Ovakva raspodela ukazuje na to da njihova biosinteza protiče veoma slično kao i biosinteza masnih kiselina i srodnih jedinjenja. 2-Alkanoni sa neparnim brojem C-atoma su, takođe, zastupljeniji kod biljaka i ostalih organizama, a za njih je dokazano da zaista nastaju po gore pomenutom acetatnom biosintetskom putu. Imajući sve ovo u vidu, predložili smo tri moguća biosintetska puta kojim bi 3-metil-2-alkanoni mogli nastati u biljnim tkivima. Osnovna razlika između predloženih puteva je u načinu na koji se uvodi metil račva. Gausov parametar σ uočenih raspodela količina alkana bi se mogao posmatrati kao greška prvog enzimskog sistema elongaze koji učestvuje u biosintezi masnih kiselina i jedinjenja koja se iz njih izvode. HIGHLIGHTSHomologous 3-methyl-2-alkanones (C11–C19) detected in Inula helenium root essential oil had a predominantly odd-numbered Gaussian-like distribution.This specific distribution pattern indicates that their biosynthesis most likely proceeds via the acetate pathway.There are three possible biosynthetic pathways, with a different mode of introducing the methyl branch, by which 3-methyl-2-alkanones could be produced.The observed Gaussian parameter σ could be interpreted as the error of the first elongase enzyme system involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived compounds

Comparative analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental studies of freight wagon Sdggmrss-twin

This paper presents a comparative analysis based on the results from static strength calculation of wagon body, series Sdggmrss-twin, and on the results from the real wagon test. The verification of results from calculations and tests and their comparison was mandatory for client's commissioning of the wagon by notified body. Calculations based on the finite elements method were carried out in the Department of Railway Engineering at Technical University of Sofia. Experimental studies on real wagon construction were conducted at the facilities of Bulgarian National Transport Research Institute by testing team from Laboratory of rail vehicles at University of Belgrade. It was found that the obtained static stress results are similar, which proves that the proposed models are appropriate and they can help to solve a wide range of issues, for example those related to lightweight design of railway vehicles

PREFACE TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE OF FU PHYS CHEM TECH, DEDICADED TO PROFESSOR RADOSAV M. PALIĆ ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 70TH BIRTHDAY

 This special issue of FU Phys Chem Tech is dedicated to Professor Radosav M. Palić on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Dr. Palić has made important contributions in many areas of chemistry, his main interest being the chemistry of volatile plant metabolites and their antimicrobial activity. He was the pioneer of the phytochemical research at the University of Niš. The authors of the papers published in this issue (all manuscripts underwent a rigorous peer-review process) are his former students and/or his scientific collaborators, who are grateful to him for his contribution to the development of chemistry not only at the University of Niš but also in Serbia. PREDGOVOR SPECIJALNOM BROJU ČASOPISA FU Phys Chem Tech, POSVEĆENOM PROFESORU RADOSAVU M. PALIĆU, U ČAST NJEGOVOG 70. ROĐENDANAOvaj specijalni broj časopisa FU Phys Chem Tech je posvećen profesoru Radosavu M. Paliću, u čast njegovog 70. rođendana. Dr Palić je dao značajan doprinos različitim oblastima hemije, a najviše se bavio proučavanjem hemije isparljivih biljnih metabolita i njihovom antimikrobnom aktivnošću. Profesor Palić je bio pionir fitohemijskih istraživanja na Univerzitetu u Nišu. Autori radova objavljenih u ovom broju (svi rukopisi su podvrgnuti naučnoj recenziji) su njegovi bivši studenti i/ili saradnici, koji su mu zahvalni na svemu što je on učinio za razvoj hemije ne samo na Univerzitetu u Nišu, već i u Srbiji uopšte

Uticaj dodavanja organskog selena na proizvodne karakteristike fazana

The effect of organic selenium as feed additive contained in the feed was investigated, applied in concentrations of 0.3 and 0.4 mg Se/kg mixture on production characteristics pheasant. The study was conducted on a total of 45 common pheasant individuals Phasianus colchicus, six weeks old, divided into three equal groups of 15 individuals for 60 days. The control pheasants group was fed with a standard mixture without addition of selenium during the experiment, while the mixture of group I contained 0.15 g/kg and pheasants group II had 0.20 g/kg additives with organic selenium. The results showed that different amounts of organic selenium presence in pheasants' feed had a positive effect on analyzed productivity indicators of pheasants' growth rate, both their final body weight and weight gain (p (lt) 0.05). Among examined groups of pheasant, gained differences in average feed conversion and total production index were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The best production results were achieved by individual II group, which also had the highest selenium content in muscle tissue of the pectoral muscles, drumstick and thigh (p (lt) 0.05).Na osnovu sprovedenih istraživanja može se zaključiti da je upotreba organskog selena kao dodatka smešama za ishranu fazana imala povoljan učinak na ispitivane proizvodne rezultate i sadržaj selena u mišićnom tkivu i jetri. Najbolje proizvodne rezultate je postigla II grupa fazana u čijoj hrani je upotrebljen organski selen u koncentraciji od 0,4 mg/kg. Nešto niže vrednosti proizvodnih pokazatelja su ostvarili fazani I grupe, čija je smeša sadržavala 0,3 mg/kg selena, dok su najniže vrednosti ispitivanih parametara ustanovljene u K grupi. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da fazani osim statusa lovne divljači mogu imati veliki značaj u proizvodnji kvalitetnog mesa sa značajnim sadržajem antioksidanta selena koji bi doprineo prevenciji raznih oboljenja imunog sistema i poboljšanja zdravlja ljudi. Takođe, sa ekonomske tačke gledišta optimatizacijom smeša za ishranu fazana koje sadrže selen može se racionalizovati konverzija hrane i ujedno smanjiti troškovi ishrane

COMPLETE ASSIGNMENT OF 1H- AND 13C-NMR SPECTRA OF ANTHRANILIC ACID AND ITS HYDROXY DERIVATIVES AND SALICYLIC ACID AND ITS AMINO DERIVATIVES

We report on the detailed NMR spectral analyses of amino- or/and hydroxy-substituted benzoic acids: anthranilic (AA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic (3-HAA), 5-hydroxyanthranilic (5-HAA), salicylic (SA), 4-aminosalicylic (4-ASA) and 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA) acids. According to a literature survey, there are limited, unassigned or even incorrectly assigned spectral data to these benzoic acid derivatives. In order to amend the situation, a complete assignment of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of these compounds, recorded in perdeuteriodimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6), based on a combination of 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments, including 1H-1H COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC, was performed. POTPUNA ASIGNACIJA 1H- I 13C-NMR SPEKTARA ANTRANILNE KISELINE I NJENIH HIDROKSI-DERIVATA I SALICILNE KISELINE I NJENIH AMINO-DERIVATAU ovom radu dati su NMR podaci za antranilnu (AA), salicilnu (SA) i regioizomerne (amino)hidroksibenzoeve kiseline, 3-hidroksiantranilnu (3-HAA), 5-hidroksiantranilnu (5-HAA), 4-aminosalicilnu (4-ASA) i 5-aminosalicilnu (5-ASA) kiselinu. Kako je pretragom literature utvrđeno da su do sada objavljeni NMR podaci za pomenute derivate benzoeve kiseline nepotpuni, neasignirani ili čak i pogrešno asignirani, izvršena je kompletna asignacija signala u 1H- i 13C- NMR spektrima snimljenim u deuterisanom dimetil-sulfoksidu (DMSO-d6) kombinovanjem 1H- i 13C-NMR sa 1H-1H COSY, NOESY, HSQC i HMBC eksperimentima. HIGHLIGHTSThe NMR spectra of anthranilic, 3- and 5-hydroxyanthranilic, salicylic, 4- and 5-aminosalicylic acids were recorded in DMSO-d6.A literature survey revealed limited, unassigned or even incorrectly assigned spectral data for these amino- or/and hydroxy-substituted benzoic acids.Complete assignment of NMR spectral data was based on a combination of 1H-and 13C-NMR 1D- and 2D-experiments (1H–1H COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC).The 13C-1H coupling constants, previously unavailable in the literature, were derived from the proton-coupled 13C NMR spectra.In the 1H-coupled 13C NMR spectrum of 5-aminosalicylic acid two signals appeared as second-order multiplets, although first-order ones were expected

Probing the existence of chemotypes of Helleborus odorus Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. by essential oil analysis: a multivariate approach

Helleborus species (family Ranunculaceae) are evergreen, rhizomatous plants with scientifically demonstrated biological/pharmacological activities [1]. Nonetheless, the essential oils of the genus are general poorly phytochemically and pharmacologically investigated. Helleborus odorus Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. (‘fragrant hellebore’ or ‘kukurek’ in Serbian) is a highly toxic plant species growing on hillsides and in forests of the submediterranean region. Up to now, steroid-related compounds (saponins, ecdysteroids, bufadienolides), fatty acids and other lipids, and sugars of H. odorus were investigated. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous studies of the essential oil of this species.                Analyses by GC and GC/MS of four essential-oil samples obtained from dry aerial parts and roots of H. odorus allowed the identification of 229 components, comprising 88.8-92.2% of the total oil composition. The major identified volatile compounds were 1-pentacosene (0.0-52.8%), tricosane (0.0-15.1%), linoleic acid (0.0-11.8%), trans-phytol (0.0-12.4%), hexadecanoic acid (3.7-16.8%), (2E,4E)-decadienal (tr-13.8%), linalool (0.5-6.0%) and hexanal (0.0-7.4%). In general, there were qualitative and quantitative variations noted in the compositions between the H. odorus essential-oil samples from different locations. The most discernable differences included a change in the content of the major constituent (1-pentacosene). These differences motivated us to explore (by multivariate statistical analysis (MVA)) the possible existence of several chemotypes of this species using essential-oil compositional data. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of the chemical data on the volatiles of the herein studied and additional 37 oil samples of Ranunculaceae showed a close relationship of Helleborus with other Ranunculaceae genera and the existence of only one chemotype of this species in the Serbian flora