Phytoplasma diseases of medicinal crops

Phytoplasma diseases of medicinal plants occur worldwide and are of great concern. So far 19 different phytoplasma ribosomal groups encompassing various subgroups have been reported. The subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasmas are the prevalent agents mainly detected in Europe, North America and Asia. Phytoplasma diseases of medicinal plants severely reduce yield and quality of crops along with the longevity of the plants. Changes in the composition of secondary metabolites are induced, while the levels of valuable phytochemicals are greatly affected. In contrast, an accumulation of pharmaceutically important compounds such as vinblastine and vincristine is reported in periwinkle upon phytoplasma infections. Important phytoplasma diseases of several medicinal plants with special reference to their impact on active biological constituents and secondary metabolites are reviewed. General information on geographic distribution, diagnostics, genetic diversity, natural transmission and management aspects of phytoplasmas infecting medicinal plants are also discussed

Phytoplasma Diseases in Ornamental Crops

An extensive and update review of the literature reporting the phytoplasma associated diseases in a number of ornamental plants and their classification is presented with major emphasis to reports in the main floricultural areas. Symptomatology of reported diseases is described in the most relevant traditional species as well as in emerging species used in floriculture and gardening worldwide