Tendências atuais no estado e regulação legal do componente religioso na educação

The article presents the results of modern model comparative legal analysis concerning state and legal regulation of the religious component in education within the context of state and municipal educational organization profile activity. The conceptual features of such regulation optimal model are determined, claiming the status of universal ones; their uniform consolidation in the special educational legislation of modern secular states is justified.El artículo presenta los resultados del análisis jurídico comparativo del modelo moderno sobre la regulación estatal y legal del componente religioso en la educación dentro del contexto de la actividad de perfil de la organización educativa estatal y municipal. Se determinan las características conceptuales de dicho modelo de regulación óptima, reclamando el estado de los universales; su consolidación uniforme en la legislación educativa especial de los estados seculares modernos está justificada.O artigo apresenta os resultados do modelo moderno de análise comparativa da legislação estadual e jurídica sobre o componente religioso na educação no contexto da atividade de perfil das organizações educacionais estaduais e municipais. As características conceituais desse modelo ótimo de regulação são determinadas, reivindicando o status das universais; sua consolidação uniforme na legislação educacional especial dos estados seculares modernos é justificada

Interpretation of the value of human rights in the context of modern forms of legal understanding

A long-term discussion about legal understanding has identified some main approaches to defining its concept, in particular among them: natural law and positive law. In this context, the question of the value of human rights in the context of these types of legal understanding is fundamental to legal science. Considering the above, inter alia, it is also important to find out whether human rights are natural or whether they require formal recognition and consolidation, being positive. The aim of the study is to consider the main features of the interpretation of the value of human rights in the context of natural and positive types of legal understanding, as well as to compare them. Consideration of the subject of research was carried out within the framework of an integrated approach, which involves a combination of such special methods as structural-functional, comparative-legal and formal-legal analysis methods. The article examines the two most popular types of legal understanding, in particular, natural law and legal positivism. According to positive law, human rights should be enshrined in laws, regulations and sources of legal norms. It should be noted that in the modern world, law, which includes human rights, is understood as a system of legal norms that are issued and protected by the state, which to a greater extent reflects a positive legal understanding. The essence of the theory of natural law is that in addition to positive law, which is created by the state, there is a common natural law for all people, standing above positive law. That is why natural law is realized in positive law and becomes its content. Thus, human rights and freedoms enshrined in the generally recognized principles and norms of international law have become the criterion of the legal basis for national systems of positive law

Current trends in state and legal regulation of the religious component in education

The article presents the results of modern model comparative legal analysis concerning state and legal regulation of the religious component in education within the context of state and municipal educational organization profile activit

FIELD ELECTRON EMISSION FROM A NICKEL-CARBON NANOCOMPOSITE

The field-emission properties of nanocomposite films comprised of 10 -20 nm-sized nickel particles immersed in a carbon matrix were investigated. The films were deposited onto silicon substrates by means of a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. The composite's structure was controlled via deposition process parameters. Experiments demonstrated that the composite films can efficiently emit electrons, yielding current densities of up to 1.5 mA/cm 2 in electric fields below 5 V/µm. Yet, good emission properties were only shown in films with low effective thickness, when nickel grains did not form a solid layer, but left a part of the substrate area exposed to the action of the electric field. This phenomenon can be naturally explained in terms of the two-barrier emission model

Tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidine-3-Carboxamide and N-Benzyl-6′,7′-Dihydrospiro[Piperidine-4,4′-Thieno[3,2-c]Pyran] analogues with bactericidal efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis targeting MmpL3

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen and the causative agent for the pulmonary disease, tuberculosis (TB). Current treatment programs to combat TB are under threat due to the emergence of multi-drug and extensively-drug resistant TB. As part of our efforts towards the discovery of new anti-tubercular leads, a number of potent tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-ca​rboxamide(THPP) and N-benzyl-6′,7′-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,​4′-thieno[3,2-c]pyran](Spiro) analogues were recently identified against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG through a high-throughput whole-cell screening campaign. Herein, we describe the attractive in vitro and in vivo anti-tubercular profiles of both lead series. The generation of M. tuberculosis spontaneous mutants and subsequent whole genome sequencing of several resistant mutants identified single mutations in the essential mmpL3 gene. This ‘genetic phenotype’ was further confirmed by a ‘chemical phenotype’, whereby M. bovis BCG treated with both the THPP and Spiro series resulted in the accumulation of trehalose monomycolate. In vivo efficacy evaluation of two optimized THPP and Spiro leads showed how the compounds were able to reduce >2 logs bacterial cfu counts in the lungs of infected mice

Detection of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and their ticks in Western Siberia and high level of their mismatch

Abstract: The Tomsk region located in the south of Western Siberia is one of the most high-risk areas for tick-borne diseases due to elevated incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease in humans. Wild birds may be considered as one of the reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens and hosts for infected ticks. A high mobility of wild birds leads to unpredictable possibilities for the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into new geographical regions. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and ticks that feed on them as well as to determine the role of different species of birds in maintaining the tickborne infectious foci. We analysed the samples of 443 wild birds (60 species) and 378 ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes Latraille, 1795 collected from the wild birds, for detecting occurrence of eight tick-borne pathogens, the namely tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and species of Borrelia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Bartonella and Babesia Starcovici, 1893, using RT-PCR/or PCR and enzyme immunoassay. One or more tick-borne infection markers were detected in 43 species of birds. All markers were detected in samples collected from fieldfare Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, Blyth’s reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth, common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus), and common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus. Although all pathogens have been identified in birds and ticks, we found that in the majority of cases (75.5%), there were mismatches of pathogens in birds and ticks collected from them. Wild birds and their ticks may play an extremely important role in the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into different geographical regions

Influence of factors of solar and geomagnetic activity on development of spontaneous 82 labor activity

Studies of recent decades have proved the effect on the human body a number of physical factors that are caused by the influence of solar corpuscular streams that change the state of the magnetosphere. The least studied problem is the influence of heliogeophysical factors and solar activity on different periods of organism development, from conception to birth. There is no data on the influence of magnetic storms on spontaneous labor, which was the purpose of this study. Solar activity indicators are presented by the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA: www.swpc.noaa.gov). The results of correlation analysis between spontaneous labor activity of 306 pregnant women in the period of 1.01-08.02.2013 depending on solar activity (Wolf numbers), radio emission flux at the wavelength of 10.7 cm and planetary index (Ap-index) characterizing the physical state of the Earth's magneticfield are analyzed. Reliable correlation between the number of urgent delivery and the flow of radio emission at a wavelength of 10.7 cm and the Wolf numbers was not found. Increase in the activity of spontaneous labor by 2.3 times (r = 0.43; p < 0.05) was recorded three days after the magnetic storm (Ap-index = 21nTl) compared to days calm in geomagnetic terms. The data showed a significant role of dynamics of external factors in the onset of labor

Molecular Genetic Analysis of the Complete Genome of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (Siberia Subtype): Modern Kolarovo-2008 Isolate

Determined is the complete genome sequence of Kolarovo-2008 strain (Siberia subtype) of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), isolated from a tick in the suburbs of the Tomsk city. Nucleotide sequence analysis testifies of the fact that the level of genetic differences within the Siberian subtype of TBEV amounts to 10 % of the nucleotide sequence and to 7 % of amino-acid sequence for certain virus genes. 3'-HTO of the genome of Siberian subtype has the highest rate of variability and the homology level ranging from 65 to 97 %. Kolarovo-2008 and Vasilchenko (isolated in Novosibirsk in 1969) strains have the highest level of genome homology. The level of dissimilarity between the two Tomsk strains is substantially higher: the total number of amino-acid substitutions in Tomsk Zausaev and Kolarovo-2008 strains equals to 124, and 3'HTO level of homology is 79 %. Identified genetic variability of the Siberian subtype of TBEV is of a great importance for further development and enhancement of tick-borne encephalitis virus diagnostics