Sectoral Changes in the Labour Force over the Period 1961-1980 with Particular Reference to Public Sector and Services Employment. Special Article in Quarterly Economic Commentary, Winter 2015

A knowledge of the significant changes which have been taking place in the sectoral composition of employment is fundamental to a proper understanding of the recent evolution of the labour force. This paper traces the changes in the numbers at work in broad sectors of the Irish economy over the period 1961-80. The basic information is given in Appendix I, Table A which contains an annual sectoral subdivision under four broad headings (Agriculture, Manufacturing, Building and Services); Tables 1 and lA following show these data for selected years* in this period with a somewhat more detailed sectoral subdivision, the second table giving absolute and relative employment changes by sector for the 1961/1971 and 1971/1979 periods

Competitiveness Indices for Irish Manufactured Exports. Quarterly Economic Commentary Special Article, July 1981

This paper is devoted primarily to the construction of competitiveness indices for Irish manufactured exports. Our principal motivation in conducting such an exercise is the fact that no satisf a,ctory measures of competitiveness have as yet been developed for Ireland despite which the concept of competitiveness, and the problems assoicated with declining competitiveness in particular, frequently figure in public discussions of Ireland's economic performance. This concern is exemplified, for instance, by the fact that it is a recurring theme in the Quarterly Bulletins and Annual Reports of the Central Bank

Hypervelocity Stars from the Andromeda Galaxy

Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) discovered in the Milky Way (MW) halo are thought to be ejected from near the massive black hole (MBH) at the galactic centre. In this paper we investigate the spatial and velocity distributions of the HVSs which are expected to be similarly produced in the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We consider three different HVS production mechanisms: (i) the disruption of stellar binaries by the galactocentric MBH; (ii) the ejection of stars by an in-spiraling intermediate mass black hole; and (iii) the scattering of stars off a cluster of stellar-mass black holes orbiting around the MBH. While the first two mechanisms would produce large numbers of HVSs in M31, we show that the third mechanism would not be effective in M31. We numerically calculate 1.2*10^6 trajectories of HVSs from M31 within a simple model of the Local Group and hence infer the current distribution of these stars. Gravitational focusing of the HVSs by the MW and the diffuse Local Group medium leads to high densities of low mass (~ solar mass) M31 HVSs near the MW. Within the virialized MW halo, we expect there to be of order 1000 HVSs for the first mechanism and a few hundred HVSs for the second mechanism; many of these stars should have distinctively large approach velocities (< -500 km/s). In addition, we predict ~5 hypervelocity RGB stars within the M31 halo which could be identified observationally. Future MW astrometric surveys or searches for distant giants could thus find HVSs from M31.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, changed to match version accepted by MNRA

Sectoral Changes in the Labour Force over the Period 1961-1980 with Particular Reference to Public Sector and Services Employment. Quarterly Economic Commentary Special Article, August 1982

A knowledge of the significant changes which have been taking place in the sectoral composition of employment is fundamental to a proper understanding of the recent evolution of the labour force. This paper traces the changes in the numbers at work in broad sectors of the Irish economy over the period 1961-80. The basic information is given in Appendix I, Table A which contains an annual sectoral subdivision under four broad headings (Agriculture, Manufacturing, Building and Services); Tables 1 and 1A following show these data for selected years* in this period with a somewhat more detailed sectoral subdivision, the second table giving absolute and relative employment changes by sector for the 1961/1971 and 1971/1979 periods

The infiltration-centrifugation technique for extraction of apoplastic fluid from plant leaves using Phaseolus vulgaris as an example

This is the final version of the article. Available from JoVE via the DOI in this record.The apoplast is a distinct extracellular compartment in plant tissues that lies outside the plasma membrane and includes the cell wall. The apoplastic compartment of plant leaves is the site of several important biological processes, including cell wall formation, cellular nutrient and water uptake and export, plant-endophyte interactions and defence responses to pathogens. The infiltration-centrifugation method is well established as a robust technique for the analysis of the soluble apoplast composition of various plant species. The fluid obtained by this method is commonly known as apoplast washing fluid (AWF). The following protocol describes an optimized vacuum infiltration and centrifugation method for AWF extraction from Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean) cv. Tendergreen leaves. The limitations of this method and the optimization of the protocol for other plant species are discussed. Recovered AWF can be used in a wide range of downstream experiments that seek to characterize the composition of the apoplast and how it varies in response to plant species and genotype, plant development and environmental conditions, or to determine how microorganisms grow in apoplast fluid and respond to changes in its composition.This work was supported by grants BB/J016012/1 and BB/E007872/1 from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) to Gail Preston

Raman spectroscopy of InN films grown on Si

We have used Raman spectroscopy to study indium nitride thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (111) silicon substrates at temperatures between 450 and 550 C. The Raman spectra show well defined peaks at 443, 475, 491, and 591 cm{-1}, which correspond to the A_1(TO), E_1(TO), E_2^{high}, and A_1(LO) phonons of the wurtzite structure, respectively. In backscattering normal to the surface the A_1(TO) and E_1(TO) peaks are very weak, indicating that the films grow along the hexagonal c axis. The dependence of the peak width on growth temperature reveals that the optimum temperature is 500 C, for which the fullwidth of the E_2^{high} peak has the minimum value of 7 cm{-1}. This small value, comparable to previous results for InN films grown on sapphire, is evidence of the good crystallinity of the films.Comment: 3 pages, 1 eps figure, RevTe

Bioinspired low-frequency material characterisation

New-coded signals, transmitted by high-sensitivity broadband transducers in the 40–200 kHz range, allow subwavelength material discrimination and thickness determination of polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, and brass samples. Frequency domain spectra enable simultaneous measurement of material properties including longitudinal sound velocity and the attenuation constant as well as thickness measurements. Laboratory test measurements agree well with model results, with sound velocity prediction errors of less than 1%, and thickness discrimination of at least wavelength/15. The resolution of these measurements has only been matched in the past through methods that utilise higher frequencies. The ability to obtain the same resolution using low frequencies has many advantages, particularly when dealing with highly attenuating materials. This approach differs significantly from past biomimetic approaches where actual or simulated animal signals have been used and consequently has the potential for application in a range of fields where both improved penetration and high resolution are required, such as nondestructive testing and evaluation, geophysics, and medical physics

PCN39 TREATMENT PATTERNS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED MELANOMA:A RETROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY

Pericas, Enri