Military Counterterrorism Measures, Civil–Military Relations, and Democracy: The Cases of Turkey and the United States

This study examines how military counter-terrorism (CT) measures affect the quality of democracy by altering civil-military relations (CMR) and focuses on civil-military relations as the main causal mechanism. We argue that the use of a military approach in counter-terrorism jeopardizes democracy at the societal level by increasing the belief that only the military is equipped to deal with the threat at hand. Therefore, erosions of civil liberties are tolerated in exchange for security. Second, we argue that military CT measures change the balance between the military and executive powers in procedural and liberal democracies. While the military’s executive power increases in procedural democracies, the civilian ruler’s control of the military power increases in liberal ones. Case studies of the U.S. and Turkey show that a military counter-terrorism approach affects CMR in these countries, which generate a similar tradeoff between security and the quality of democracy, albeit via different causal mechanisms. While that tradeoff is less severe in the U.S., Turkey is more vulnerable to erosion of democracy

Adhesive Fragment Reattachment after Orthodontic Extrusion: A Case Report

In the treatment of crown fractures, adhesive fragment reattachment provides a good alternative to other restorative techniques, offering several advantages. The present paper reports a case in which the treatment of a cervical crown fracture was accomplished by reattaching the tooth fragment with a flowable resin composite. Orthodontic root extrusion was performed with a modified Hawley appliance prior to fragment reattachment. The clinical and radiographic results after 2.5 years were successful

Problems of Bo?a

This study is analyzed in detail existing land uses, socio-economic structure, environmental issues and problems arising from Bo?

Venetoclax in relapsed/refractory blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with central nervous system involvement : a case report and review of the literature

Background: We describe a patient with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with central nervous system involvement and the outcome of venetoclax use in this setting. Case presentation: A 54-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the Haematology Unit with an enlarged inguinal lymph node which was diagnostic of a blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. The staging revealed disseminated disease (skin, visceral, lymph nodes, and bone marrow). He received chemotherapy with an acute myeloid leukaemia-like regime. Afterwards, he underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, though it was not successful, showing a relapse 14 months later with hepatic and central nervous system dissemination. Intrathecal chemotherapy was administered, and venetoclax (anti-bcl2 agent) was started in an off-label indication based on most recent literature. The disease halted its course for 3 months. In the end, the patient's disease progressed and so he succumbed due to infectious complications. Conclusions: Venetoclax monotherapy seems not enough to control the disease progression under CNS involvement and other treatments should be investigated

A Malignant Mass in the Breast Is Not Always Breast Cancer

A 37-year-old woman presented to the Internal Medicine Clinic with complaints of abdominal pain and constipation which had begun 3 months earlier. A colonoscopy was performed, and wall thickening of the sigmoid colon was detected. A biopsy of the sigmoid colon revealed a poorly differentiated, mucin-producing adenocarcinoma with a signet-ring pattern. No distant metastasis was detected. The patient was treated with chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin. One and a half years later, a painless mass, which was not fixed to the skin, measuring 1 cm in diameter, was found in the lower outer quadrant of the left breast. A core biopsy of the mass was performed, and a histopathological report confirmed metastasis to the breast from mucinous adenocarcinoma of an intestinal primary

The Relationship of the Quality of Life and Activity Limitations of Persons with Orthopedic Disability

Walking difficulties influence both functional motor motion and fine motor motion, such as hand control. Included are conditions that make it hard to move, such as amputation, paralysis, cerebral palsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, spinal cord injuries, and others. The study used WHOQOL-BREF-DIS and IMPACT-S to determine PWDs' quality of life and activity restrictions. It examines the link between quality of life and activity limitation, as well as discrimination, autonomy, and inclusion. Males have a higher quality of life, but females have more activity limitations. Discrimination and autonomy domains of WHOQOL-BREF-DIS are not connected with activity participation; inclusion and overall quality of life are. In conclusion, persons with orthopedic disabilities' level of inclusion and overall QOL in society, specifically their satisfaction with communicating with others, satisfaction with their ability to participate in social and local activities, and other people's acceptance and respect, are affected by their activity participation

A crucial role for the cortico-striato-cortical loop in the pathogenesis of stroke-related neurogenic stuttering

Neurogenic stuttering is an acquired speech disorder characterized by the occurrence of stuttering-like dysfluencies following brain damage. Because the onset of stuttering in these patients is associated with brain lesions, this condition provides a unique opportunity to study the neural processes underlying speech dysfluencies. Lesion localizations of 20 stroke subjects with neurogenic stuttering and 17 control subjects were compared using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping. The results showed nine left-hemisphere areas associated with the presen ce of neurogenic stuttering. These areas were largely overlapping with the cortico-basal ganglia-cortical network comprising the inferior frontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, intraparietal cortex, basal ganglia, and their white matter interconnections through the superior longitudinal fasciculus and internal capsule. These results indicated that stroke-induced neurogenic stuttering is not associated with neural dysfunction in one specific brain area but can occur following one or more lesion throughout the cortico-basal ganglia-cortical network. It is suggested that the onset of neurogenic stuttering in stroke subjects results from a disintegration of neural functions necessary for fluent speech. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Multi-contrast MRI Super-resolution via Implicit Neural Representations

Clinical routine and retrospective cohorts commonly include multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging; however, they are mostly acquired in different anisotropic 2D views due to signal-to-noise-ratio and scan-time constraints. Thus acquired views suffer from poor out-of-plane resolution and affect downstream volumetric image analysis that typically requires isotropic 3D scans. Combining different views of multi-contrast scans into high-resolution isotropic 3D scans is challenging due to the lack of a large training cohort, which calls for a subject-specific framework.This work proposes a novel solution to this problem leveraging Implicit Neural Representations (INR). Our proposed INR jointly learns two different contrasts of complementary views in a continuous spatial function and benefits from exchanging anatomical information between them. Trained within minutes on a single commodity GPU, our model provides realistic super-resolution across different pairs of contrasts in our experiments with three datasets. Using Mutual Information (MI) as a metric, we find that our model converges to an optimum MI amongst sequences, achieving anatomically faithful reconstruction. Code is available at: https://github.com/jqmcginnis/multi_contrast_inr

Brain activation during non-habitual speech production: Revisiting the effects of simulated disfluencies in fluent speakers

Over the past decades, brain imaging studies in fluently speaking participants have greatly advanced our knowledge of the brain areas involved in speech production. In addition, complementary information has been provided by investigations of brain activation patterns associated with disordered speech. In the present study we specifically aimed to revisit and expand an earlier study by De Nil and colleagues, by investigating the effects of simulating disfluencies on the brain activation patterns of fluent speakers during overt and covert speech production. In contrast to the De Nil et al. study, the current findings show that the production of voluntary, self-generated disfluencies by fluent speakers resulted in increased recruitment and activation of brain areas involved in speech production. These areas show substantial overlap with the neural networks involved in motor sequence learning in general, and learning of speech production, in particular. The implications of these findings for the interpretation of brain imaging studies on disordered and non-habitual speech production are discussed